Definition: Electric current (I) is the rate of flow of charge.
Formula: I = dQ/dt
SI Unit: Amperes (A).
Measurement: Current is measured with an ammeter in series, designed with low resistance to avoid altering the current.
Definition: Charge (Q) can be positive or negative, measured in coulombs (C).
Historical Context: Originates from early electricity studies by Benjamin Franklin.
Relationship to Current: 1 C corresponds to a flow of charge in 1 second when current is 1 A.
Interactions: Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.
Basics: Protons have (+1 charge) and electrons have (-1 charge).
Key Insight: Neutrons are neutral and contribute to atomic mass.
Net Charge: Q = ±ne (n is the number of electrons added or removed).
Conductors: In metals, current is carried by free-moving electrons in a lattice structure.
Electrolytes: Ionic solutions conduct current by the movement of cations and anions.
Definition: Flows from positive to negative terminal, opposite to electron flow.
States that the sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum leaving, reflecting charge conservation.
Definition: Average velocity of electrons in a conductor.
Number Density (n): Free electrons per unit volume.
Current Equations: I = nAv and I = Q/t, with Q = n * e * V (where V is voltage).
This revised note keeps all the essential information while being more concise and clearer.