Theology

Chapter 1

Agnostic




Someone uncertain about the existence of God or divine beings, often believing that such knowledge is unknowable.

Atheist 




A person who does not believe in the existence of God or gods.


Divine revelation




God's communication of His will and knowledge to humanity, often through sacred texts, prophets, and Jesus Christ.

Dogma




Core teachings of a religion, considered authoritative and unchangeable.


Four levels of happiness




Level 1 happiness is the fulfillment of desires connected to biological (instinctual) opportunities and dangers. They come from the brain, nervous system, and sensory faculties.

Level 2 happiness is the fulfillment of ego-comparative desires, which arise from self-consciousness.

Level 3 happiness is the fulfillment of contributive-empathetic desires, coming from empathy, conscience, and self-consciousness.

Level 4 happiness is the fulfillment of transcendental-spiritual desires, which come from a transcendental awareness.

Incarnation





The Christian belief that God became human in the person of Jesus Christ.

Monotheism 




Belief in one God

Natural revelation




Knowledge of God through observation of nature, reason, and human experience.

Salvation history




The unfolding story of God's plan to save humanity, as revealed in the Bible.

Secularism




The principle of separating religion from civic affairs and government.

The Catechism




A summary of Catholic doctrine, often used for teaching the faith.

The Human Condition




The shared experiences of humanity, including sin, suffering, and the quest for meaning.

Theist




A person who believes in the existence of God or gods.

Sacred Scripture 




The Bible, considered holy and authoritative in Christianity.

Sacred Tradition




The living transmission of the Church’s teachings, rooted in the apostles.

Polytheism 




Belief in multiple gods

Chapter 2

Scripture as Inerrant




The belief that the Bible, in its original form, is without error in matters of faith and morals.

Scripture as Inspired




The belief that the authors of the Bible were guided by the Holy Spirit.

Scripture as living




The idea that Scripture remains relevant and active in guiding believers.

The Septuagint



The Greek translation of the Old Testament, used widely in early Christianity.

The Vernacular 




The everyday language of the people, into which the Bible was translated for accessibility.


Chapter 3 

The Pentateuch




The first five books of the Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy).

The Historical Books




Narratives about Israel's history, such as Kings and Chronicles.

The Wisdom Books




Books like Proverbs and Psalms, focusing on poetry and wise teachings.

The Prophetic Books




Writings of the prophets who conveyed God's messages.


The Gospels




Accounts of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John).

Acts of the Apostles



Chronicles the early Church’s history.

The Pauline Epistles




Letters written by Paul to early Christian communities.


The Catholic Letters




Universal letters to the Church (e.g., James, Peter, John).

Revelation




A prophetic book about the end times.

Chapter 4

Genesis




The book of beginnings, creation, and early humanity.

Exodus




The story of Israel’s liberation from Egypt.

Leviticus 




Laws for worship and holiness.

Numbers



Israel's journey in the wilderness.

Deuteronomy




Moses' speeches summarizing the Law.

Covenant




A sacred agreement between God and His people.

Abrahamic covenant




God's promise to Abraham for descendants and land.


Parts of a covenant




Agreement, conditions, and signs.

Sinai covenant




The giving of the Law at Mount Sinai.

The Fall




Humanity’s first sin in Eden.

Commemorate




To honor or remember an event.

Israel (what does the name mean?)



“He who strives with God.”

Moses




The leader who freed Israel from Egypt and received the Law.

Passover




Celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egypt.

Protoevangelium




The first Gospel (Genesis 3:15), a promise of redemption.


Ten Commandments




Moral laws given by God.

Myth




Stories conveying deep truths about humanity and God.

YHWH




The sacred name of God, meaning "I AM."

Chapter 5 

Messiah




The anointed one, awaited as a savior.

Prophet




A messenger chosen by God.

Three qualities of a true prophet



Speaks God’s word, fulfills predictions, and leads to righteousness.

King




A ruler chosen to govern God’s people.

Judge




Miltary leaders raised by God to deliver Israel.

Saul



The first king of Israel.

Babylonian Exile




Period when Israel was exiled to Babylon.

Kingdom of Israel




The northern kingdom.

Kingdom of Judah




The southern kingdom.

Solomon 




Known for wisdom and building the Temple.

Synagogue




Jewish house of worship.

Temple




The central place of worship in Jerusalem.

Rabbis and scribes




Teachers and interpreters of the Law.

Psalms and Proverbs

Psalms




Collections of songs, prayers, and wisdom sayings.

Proverbs




Collections of songs, prayers, and wisdom sayings.



  1. Why do we have so many translations of the Bible?

 To make Scripture accessible in various languages and cultures, and to reflect advances in linguistic and archaeological knowledge.





  1. Who were the Scriptures inspired by?

Holy spirit






  1. What languages was the Old Testament originally written in?

Hebrew, with some parts in Aramaic.





  1. What language was the New Testament originally written in?

Greek





  1. How was the Old Testament formed? Know the stages of formation.

Oral Tradition: Stories passed down verbally.

Written Tradition: Recording of stories and laws.

Editing: Compiling and refining texts.



  1. What was going on in history that called for the editing of the Old Testament? The Babylonian Exile led to a need to preserve traditions.







  1. How was the New Testament formed? Know the stages of formation.

Life of Jesus: His teachings and events.

Oral Tradition: Apostles sharing stories.

Written Tradition: Gospels and letters written.







  1. What does the word Gospel translate to?

Good news






  1. Explain the parts of the Biblical Citation Matthew 1:2

Matthew= book name

1=chapter

2=verse


  1. Why did the monarchy begin in Israel?

Israel wanted a king to be like other nations.





  1. Which Kingdom had the Temple? Which Kingdom built temples to false gods at Dan and Bethel?

Judah.

Israel 




  1. Why did God need prophets? What were the Israelites doing that warranted God sending messengers to the people?  

The Israelites strayed into idolatry and sin.








  1. Who wrote the Book of Psalms? Do we know the author of all of them?


Primarily David, but some authors remain unknown.





  1. In the Old Testament, how did God call and set apart the Israelites? Why did he begin this relationship/covenant?



      Through covenants and laws, to reveal His plan for salvation and be a light to other nations.