geography flash cards

What is geography- 

  • Where stuff is 

  • Both physical and human 

  • A systematic study how things go from one thing to another

  • Links between facts

  • It is time before the event and after the event 

What is the space involved in geography- 

  • Includes anything that is at below of above the surface 


Universal history-

  • Concept that the civil war did not occur between 1861 and 18 65 but started decades before and ended decades after something in the past builds up to the event the event and then tapers off

Universal History-Universal Geography- the same thing


Time-Space-Scale 

  • 3 most important words in geography 


Time- 

  • present past and future

Space- 

  • above at and below 

Scale- 

  • not easy to predict

  • Not perfect

The purpose of general education- 

  • It makes you a well rounded person. 

Universalist-

  •  someone who knows a little about everything

    • Isaac newton 

    • Benjamin franklin

    • John adams 

    • Alexander von humboldt 

Specialization-

  • You have a specific focus 

  • Negative- to invested in one area. 

    • You are blinded 

      • Ex. everyone has an opinion but have no experience in that field 

Geographer tools-

  • Maps

  • Statistics 

  • Photographs + Paintings 

- A rocks evolution is guided by water 

  • At the end its smooth 

  • Not consent but consent in the time scale of your life. 

    • In the time scale of our life we don't see it change 

Undiscovered Country-

  • The after life 

  • The FUTURE

    • Don't like the future

    • We fear the future 

  • The future is not a consent

  • You have to adapt 

World regional geography-

  • Is not just one region but the influence of many regions 

    • Germany 6 political parties

    • Us 3 political parties

    • Uk 6 or 7 political parties 

  • Large scale vs. small scale 

    • large=local

      • A Lot of details 

        • Street view and google maps is large scale 

    • small = larger area 

      • Less detail

        • You can see bodies of water and land mass

Siberia is the harshest environment in the world it is not antarctica 

  • Very hot and dry


Latitude and longitude 

Latitude-

  • Run east and west

  • Measure angular distance N+S







Longitude-

  • Runs north and south 

  • Measures angular distance W+E



24 time zones in the world 


15 longitude lines 

each time zone is 15 degrees longitude 


International date line 

  • The international date line is jagged to keep countries in the same time zone 




Longitude lines are determined by time 

  • Position east or west is determined by time

  • clock/chronometer 

    • Chronometer is a traveling clock 

John harrison

  • Determine how to find your position on the sea using a chronometer.

    • Was a carpenter not a scientist 

Solar noon is directly above 

  • The sun's zenith 

    • Zenith- the highest point in the sky








List of readings

  • What is geography

  • Geography tools 

  • Population

  • Development 

  • Food

  • Urbanization/urban

  • Globalization

  • Water

  • Climate change 

  • Human geographers perspective 

    • Get the jist of things


How are photographers or paintings used by geographers

  • A visual representation of history 

  • Art work and landscapes can be used as evidence for geographers tools 

  • Repeat photography 

    • Used a lot today by geographers in identifying the growth and reseed of glaciers.

    • Chasing coral 



House construction in the midwest 

  • You either have a basement or a crawl space 

    • So your pipes don't freeze

      • Basement is more suitable because it is heated 


Climate 

  • Humans desire a suitable climate 

The sahara desert was a grassland 5000 years ago

  • Evidence from cave paintings 

    • Water buffalos and harvests 

Climate classification 

  • Developed by Wladimir Koppen 

    • Wuste means desert 

Main climates 

  • 5 main climates 

    • A- Equatorial (rainforest)

      • Equator

        • Brazil, DRC, Southeast Asia

    • B- Arid (deserts)

      • Based on moisture 

    • C- Warm Temperate

      • Lower Midwest 

    • D- Snow Climate 

    • E- Polar

      • Antarctica 

        • Based on temperature 

2nd Initial of climate 

  • f- Fully Humid 

  • s- summer dry

  • w- winter dry

  • m- monsoon (temporal dealing with time)

    • 6 months dry, 6 months of rain 

  • W- Wuste- dessert 

  • S- Steppe- grassland 


  • Charleston is in class C and f

    • Due to the gulf of mexico (causes humidity)

      • Provides moisture for half of the US



 3rd Initial- Temperature  

  • a- hot summer 

  • b- warm summer

  • c- cool summer 

  • d- continental 

    • Extreme 

  • Not water = no control on temperature 

  • k- kalt- cold 

  • h- heiss- hot

Siberia's climate classification- Dfd

Charleston climate classification- Cfa

Sahara Desert climate classification- Bsh

Gobi Desert- Bwa (cold desert)

Sahel region climate classification ( grassland in a hot region)- Bwh

Milwaukee climate classification- Dfa


Division between Cfa/Dfa

  • 2000-indianapolis 

  • 2025-madison( approaching milwaukee)

    • Due to climate change 

Climate classification coincides with food production


Marco polo was a plagiarist he stole things from china (like pasta)

  • Europe culturally was nonexistent until they stole stuff from china 

  • China was an advanced civilization 6000 years ago

Coffee comes from Af 

Pizza- comes from italy

  • Mediterranean climates- Csa/Csb

    • unique (only 50

      • Garbanzo beans

      • Pine nut

      • Olives

      • Garlic

      • Tomatoes

      • Grapes for wine 

      • Ect.

5 major regions of mediterranean climates 

  • Mediterranean sea

  • West coast of the US

  • West coast of south america 

  • Southern tip of south africa

  • Southern 2 tips of australia 

Latitude 50-30


Fourth Initial 

  • ET- Polar Tundra 

    • Needle leaf evergreen can survive in this climate (christmas tree)

    • Edelweiss a flower that can survive in this climate  

      • Found in the swiss alps 

        • Very prickly to defend itself 

  • EF- Polar frost 

    • Extreme temperatures 

      • No snow in the north pole it is just ice

        • No precipitation at the poles

          • Ice breaking apart creates the illusion of snow 

            • Antarctica is an EF

              • There are polar bears in the arctic but in antarctica there are no bears 

  • Zoos are prisons 

    • We do not need zoos 

  • PT barnum 

    • Awful dude 

      • He ran a circus 

      • He opened up “freak shows”

        • People that were not “normal” he put in an act to entertain others 


Anything plastic last 800-1000 or more in the ground 


5000 years ago the earth's orbit was a circle 

  • The climate at that time was warmer 

  • The earth's orbit is elliptical

Patterns 









Water

  • 30 minutes= 75 gallons of water in a shower

  • Aral sea

    • 3 reasons why is dried up

      • Climate change 

      • Over irrigation 

      • Overpopulation 


Today january 27th is holocaust remembrance day 

  • The remembrance is so we don't do it again 

  • 80th year of liberation 

We have general education so we can remember what happened in the past so we do not repeat it. 

  • Germans are required by education to take a class about the holocaust so they do not repeat it

  • Guns are illegal in germany 


In your OpEds you must present both sides.


Mein KampF

  • My struggle by Adolf Hitler 

    • Good to read so you can know what he was thinking so we do not repeat it. 

Dachau

  • First of the conservation camps for people against hitlers ideas 

  • The US with native americans was similar 

    • Native americans might not have a birthright to be american citizens 

Wheat (bread) and rice are the traditional things that bring everyone together  

  • 1932-1933 the Holodomor famine 

    • Result of the political famine 

      • Russia and ukraine 

        • Created by Stalin to control politicians 

          • Still going on today

            • Was taking all the grain starving people to fund the war effort 

              • British ignored it because they were an ally they needed russia to fight against hitler 

              • US did the same thing against japan 

Multiple regions around the word contribute to or against the war effort  

  • Phones come from slave mining 


World regional geography deals with money 

  • Greed 


Water- 

Aquifer

  • Takes 10,000 years to develop 

  • We are pulling more fresh water out of an aquifer faster than it can replenish 

To types of aquifers 

  • Clay based

  • Sand based 

Ours is called the Mahomet Aquifer

  • It is clay based 

  • Stretches between illinois and indiana 

  • Indiana wants to get involved in the computer chip industry 

    • The computer chip industry need water 

    • Indiana does not have a lot of water 

    • They want to promote the chip industry because it brings in money

    • Will harm the people of indiana 

The purpose of state federal regulation 

  • The good of everyone 

    • Each taking care of everyone to make the best better 

Social program developed by purdue university 

  • Four H

    • Heart

    • Hand

    • Head

    • Health

Social programs 

  • Fire department 

  • Police department

  • Scholarships 

A clay based aquifer will dry and the collapse when the water is gone 

  • Where has this actually happened? 

    • Phoenix Arizona in the 1980s they comp;letly drained the aquifer underneath them. 

    • Why

      • To many people migrating to the south west 

      • To many people living in a desert 


Jared Diamond says anthropologists 1000 years from now would mistake pools for survival but it was for leisure. 


Politicians wanted to build a p;ipe line to solve the water problem in the south west by pumping water from the great lakes 

  • Wars will be fought over water resources 

  • Happening right now in the west 

  • Communities in new mexico that have been cut of from the public water supply because there population is small  

Not enough precipitation to provide for wheat corn and beans in the central valley 

  • We grow it in the midwest

    • We have a lot of precipitation

They acquired 2 5000 gallon tanks because the water level in their lake was to low and could not pump water in East Porterville California 

The installed two semi truck outdoor showers by the church 


Without water we are nothing 

There is or should be less evaporation in winter 


What does fluoride do in a less concentrated form 

  • Keep your teeth strong 

  • Fights against cavities 

  • In very small amounts 

  • A poison in high amounts 


Over 100 golf courses in palm springs 


We don't have to have the same likes as everyone else

We want confirmation that people like the same stuff as us. 


Charlestons pumps out 1.2 to 1.5 million gallons out of its aquifer each day. 

Thats alot of water we take for granted 


In the southwest the water at one point was a fixed rate 

  • This was to get people to move to the southwest


The water bill is for the transportation infrastructure and cleaning of the water, not the water itself. 


John Snow- was a physician also involved in the epidemics. 

  • He used geography to find the source of the problem 

  • Any time there was a sickness he would mark the establishment 

  • Discovered most centered around a well 

  • The well had cholera

 

Forever chemicals

  • Non stick

  • PFAS

  • 8 carbons each one tied with fluorine 

  • C8

  • Our clothing has C8

  • The inside of a popcorn bag has C8

  • Its is forever unless you burn it 


The water in the south west is mainly coming from the colorado river 


3 main themes to the water shortage in the south west 

  • Overpopulation 

  • Over irrigation 

  • Climate change 


All these populations in the south west are growing because as people get older they want to retire there because its warm 


Over irrigation 

  • Agriculture requires a lot of water to feed a population 

  • Virtual water- how much water it takes to grow something 

Over irrigation and over population are connected- the more people you have the more water is needed the more things that use water are needed more showers, more food that needs growing, ect.


Consumers don't want to give up the water and want it first. Producers need it first to feed everyone. Consumers are just focused on themselves and making money 

  

The greater plains farmers are aware of the lack of farmers. Because farmers are over consuming 


The dust bowl occurred in 1934 to 1939 

Called the dust bowl because there was dry topsoil that was turned into a powder because of over compaction. Any time you walk on it, roll over it ect.
Nothing grows when there is soil compaction

4lbs of dirt per person landed across chicago 

Politicians in DC did not do anything about the dust bowl they said it was a local issue until they started seeing dust in DC

Happened during the depression 


We are unable to self sustain our self 


Ai and technology will reduce the need for people to work 


The dust bowl on the depression offers an analogy of what could happen in our own time. 


Climate Change- 


Clear Air Turbulence- CAT 

  • You don't see it coming the technology cant see it either 

  • Is climate change increasing CAT

    • Yes 

  • Climate change is due to an increase of surface air heating mix that with chaotic jet streams it creates more CAT


Highest categories of hurricanes and tornadoes are 5


How climate change effects regions 

  • Migration 

  • Survival 

    • Food and water 

“Our lives throughout humanite become cyclical” 


Bread baskets of the world 

  • Those who provide food for the world 

    • US

    • Russia 

    • Ukraine 

As climate change continues who will be the bread baskets of the world 

  • Canada 

  • Siberia russia 

    • Because of permafrost 

Study Guide 

3 thighs in geography 

  • Time 

  • Space

  • Scale 

Tools of geography

  • Maps

  • Stats 

  • Journals

  • Oral Histories 

  • Paintings 

Climate Change 

  • Carbon ultimate cause of climate change

  • Second is humans 

Climate Classification 

Everything said about WATER

Dust Bowl 

  • A combination of economic and greed 


Slash and burn- during vegetation on a mass scale 

  • Increase the carbon element in the atmosphere that releases and absorbs heats 

Fossil fuels also a huge part of climate change 

  • We don't understand it 

  • When Burning coal or oil it unknown what the effects will be 

  • Industrial revolution when we discovered what we can do with Fossil fuels

  • Cleopatra's spikes were considered as smoke stacks from factories 

We are running out of Fossil fuel 

Fossil fuels make plastic 

Basically everything is made by Fossil fuels 

Fast Fashion increases climate change and degrades water quality 

Soylent Green

  • Set in 2022

  • Climate change has amplified 

  • People can't afford water 

  • I'd you have money you can take a hot shower

  • A pound of crappy beef is 200 dollars 

  • population 22 million people in new York city 

Trickle down effect 

  • We will eventually have to suffer because of climate change 

  • Not just one thing but multiple thing the contribute to climate change 


Positive feedback =not good 

  • Is not you did god on this test 

  • It is a system that is out of control 

    • Climate change is a positive feedback 

    • Droughts are positive feedback. 

Negative feedback systems = good 

  • Regulated or controlled 


Desertification 

  • Climate change affecting the growth of plants 

  • To many herds walking over the land