PHYLOGENETICS

Phylogenetics

- The study of evolutionary relationships among species or groups of organisms.

- Uses data like DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, as well as physical traits.

- Creates phylogenetic trees (cladograms) to show how species are related through common ancestors.

- Helps understand the evolution and history of life on Earth

Charles Darwin (born 1809-1882) is the central figure in development of modern understanding of evolution by natural selection

Outcomes of evolutionary process

  • Adaptation- organisms chnage through time and become better suited to their environment

  • Speciation- one species gives rise to two or more differently adapted species

  • Extinction- some species die out completely

Descent without Modification

"Descent with modification" is a phrase from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution

all species are related through common ancestors and that over generations, species change and develop new traits.

It refers to the idea that species evolve over time, passing traits from parent to offspring, with some changes or modifications occurring along the way.

Tree or Life🌳

  • 1837 scetch by charlies darwin

  • provides an underlying explanatory framework for the Linnean Clasification

Darwins Finches 🦜

Single ancestral finch soecues give rise to multiple different slecies that are differently adapted to different food items (insect, fruit, seeds ect)