Reproduction

Reproduction: A biological process where living organisms produce new individuals.

Asexual Reproduction: A type of reproduction where a single parent produces genetically identical offspring.

Binary Fission: A process in which a single parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

Budding: A process where a new organism grows as a small outgrowth on the parent’s body, then detaches to live independently.

Vegetative propagation: A process in which new plants grow from parts of a parent plant, such as roots, stems, and leaves.

Fragmentation and Regeneration: A process where a parent organism breaks into pieces, and each grows into a completely new individual.

Spore Formation: A process where specialised cells called spores are produced that can grow into new individuals under stable conditions.

Grafting: A process of getting a cutting from one plant and joining it onto another plant so it grows as part of the host.

A zygote is a fertilised egg.

Sperm + egg equals a fertilised egg.

Offspring are different in sexual reproduction because they inherit genetic material from two parents.

Fertilisation: The male gamete bonding with the female gamete

Gamete in a female is an ovum/egg in animals, an ovule in plants

The gamete in a male is sperm in animals and pollen in plants.

Advantage of Asexual reproduction: Quick process • One parent is needed • efficient

Disadvantage of Asexual reproduction: No diversity (offspring is identical to the parent) • At risk for disease

Advantage of Sexual reproduction:Diversity within a species • Survival in change

Disadvantage of sexual reproduction: Slow • Energy expensive

Courtship ritual: behaviours to attract mates, ensuring individuals select a suitable partner

Why are courtship rituals important: