Untitled Flashcards Set

1. What are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA?

sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group = nucleotide

2. Which carbons of the deoxyribose sugar link the DNA structure together?

3' and 5' = carbon 3 and carbon 5

3. What is the orientation of the two DNA strands to one another? antiparallel = upside down to eachother

4. Which of the following 3' strands is complementary to this 5' strand: 5' GACCAGTTGCGC 3'

3 CTGGTC

Adenine

Thymine

Box

Phosphate doxyribose backbone

5. What is the name of the structure of DNA formed by two strands of nucleotides?

double helix = 2 DNA strands twisted around eachother

6. Which base is only found in DNA and which base is only found in RNA?

DNA has T (thymine) & RNA has U (uracil)

7. Compare mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.

mRNA = messenger RNA = carries information from the nucleus to the ribosome

rRNA = ribosome RNA = what ribosomes are made of the nucleolus

Guanine

tRNA = transfer RNA = brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome to make proteins 8. What is semiconservative replication?

semi conservative replication = (old+ new & old + new)

Cytosine

9. What is the function of helicase in replication?

helicase breaks 2 H-bonds (A&T) or 3 H-bonds (C&G) 10. What is the function of Primase in replication?

primase adds RNA primers to begin replication

old1 old2

11. What is the function of DNA Polymerase in replication?

old1

old2

11

new1

new2

DNA polymerase adds complementary bases to build new strands 12. What is the function of Ligase in replication?

Ligase seals the sugar-phosphate backbone

13. What is produced on the lagging strand that does not form on the leading strand?

New leading strands are built continuously. New lagging strands are

14. What is made in the nucleus to pass the DNA code to the ribosome in the cytoplasm?

mRNA is made in the nucleus & exits through the nuclear pores to travel to a ribosome to make pr

15. What changes to eukaryotic pre-mRNA are made to form mature mRNA?

Introns are removes and exons are spliced together. A 5'cap and Poly A-tail are added.

17. What is the mRNA sequence for the template strand DNA sequence: 3' GACAAACTAGAA S'

16. What is a codon?

3 mRNA nucleotides

CUGUUUGAUCUU

18. What does each codon in messenger RNA specify?

3 mRNA nucleotides = codon = one amino acid

C<-->G T->A A--> U

5'CU

19. How many amino acids are on the codon table? there are only 20 amino acids on the codon table

20. How many codons are on the codon table?

There are 64 codes for only 20 amino acids

21. What does the term degenerate mean referring to the codon table?

Some amino acids have more codes than other amino acids

22. What process uses the code carried by messenger RNA for protein synthesis at a ribosome? Replication = DNA--> DNA

Transcription = DNA--> mRNA

Translation = mRNA--? protein

23. Which codons signify the end of translation?

AUG --> Start Codon

UGA, UAG, UAA --> STOP CODONS

24. Which amino acids correspond to the mRNA sequence: GAG-UGC-CCC

Glu-Cys-Pro

mRNA

Amino Acids

25. How is transcription different than translation? Transcription happens in the nucleus where mRNA is

formed from DNA

Translation happens outside the nucleus at a ribosome where mRNA indicated which Amino acids should be put together in what order

First Base in Code Word

U

Second Base in Code Word

G

U

с

An

le

Th-

Lys

Ary

Mal

Th

Se

k

The

An

k

The

Gly

Val

Ala

Gu

Cly

Val

Ala

Ap

Gly

Ala

Arp

Gly

Ala

Stop

"Stop"

ไทย

Sar

"Stop"

Tra

Тут

Cys

Phe

Sar Ser

Cys

Phe

Gh Ag Lou

Gn Arg

Ha Ang Lu

Arg Lou

5 2222

Ser

Pro

Pro

Pro

Pro

333 1122 3!!!

Third Base in Code Word