Two Treatises of Government_ John Locke

English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) published Two Treatises of Government in 1690.
Advocated for the idea of natural rights, which include life, liberty, and property.
Asserted that the primary purpose of government is to protect these natural rights.
Emphasized that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed.
Ideas significantly influenced the American and French revolutions.

Locke argues that:
- When individuals join society, they surrender their executive powers but retain rights.
- The power of the legislative body is limited to promoting the common good.
- Governance must be based on established laws, not arbitrary decrees.
- The governing body is responsible for maintaining peace, safety, and public good.

The fundamental duty of government according to Locke is:
- To protect the rights and properties of individuals in society.
- To create laws that act as safeguards for all members of the community.
If government authority is abused or overreaches, it undermines societal trust and the legitimate purpose of governance.

Locke outlines that individuals authorize legislation to ensure protection of property and personal rights.
It is essential that:
- Legislative power does not exceed its role; when it does, it breaks the fundamental rule of society.
- Any breach of trust by the legislative power justifies the people’s right to overthrow that government and establish a new one.
Indicates that a land should only be governed with the consent of the governed.
- Individuals retain the right to revert to their original liberty when betrayed by their government.
- Safety and security must be prioritized through a new legislative body if the current one fails to deliver on its promises.