Medical terminology
Medical terminology
Chapter 1 - Pronunciation of Terms
Adenitis is the Inflammation of a gland (you do not need to type
definitions in red, this is just to highlight the example)
ăd-ĕ-NĪ-tĭs
Adenoma is a benign tumor formed from glandular structures within epithelial tissues
ăd-ĕ-NŌ-mă
Adenopathy is when the lymph nodes within the body enlarge or become swollen.
ăd-ĕ-NŎP-ă-thē
Anemia is when the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells, so the person with it would feel dizzy and wouldn’t be able to function properly. (Our body runs on blood that circulates within our body, running without cells provides problems)
ă-NĒ-mē-ă
Arthralgia refers to joint pain.
ăr-THRĂL-jă
Arthritis refers to a disease that causes painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints within the body (mainly the hands and feet)
ăr-THRĪ-tĭs
An autopsy is an after death examination used to determine what caused the death.
ĂW-tŏp-sē
Biology is the study of living organisms
bī-ŎL-ō-jē
A biopsy is an examination of tissue removed from the body of an organism to figure out if the person has a disease
BĪ-ŏp-sē
Carcinogenic is when someone has the potential to spread cancer.
kăr-sĭ-nō-JĔN-ĭk
A carcinoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the epithelial tissue of the skin or along the lining of the internal organs
kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Cardiac is a term that is used to describe diseases and conditions related to the heart
KĂR-dē-ăk
Cardiology is a branch of medicine that specializes with diseases and abnormalities that occur in the heart
kăr-dē-ŎL-ō-jē
Cephalic is a term that is used to describe diseases and conditions related to the head
sĕ-FĂL-ĭk
Cerebral refers to something that occurred within the brain
sĕ-RĒ-brăl
or
SĔR-ĕ-brăl
Cystitis is when there is inflammation in the bladder.
sĭs-TĪ-tĭs
Cystoscopy is a procedure a doctor uses to look at the lining of the bladder and urethra
sĭs-TŎS-kō-pē
Cytology is the study of plant and animal cells
sī-TŎL-ō-jē
Dermatitis is a condition of the skin where it becomes swollen, red and sore.
dĕr-mă-TĪ-tĭs
Dermatology is the study of medicine dealing with skin disorders
dĕr-mă-TŎL-ō-jē
Diagnosis is an identification of the nature of a disease or illness shown by symptoms
dī-ăg-NŌ-sĭs
An electrocardiogram is a record or display of a person’s heartbeat.
ē-lĕk-trō-KĂR-dē-ō-grăm
An electroencephalogram is a test or record of brain activity
ē-lĕk-trō-ĕn-SĔF-ă-lō-grăm
Endocrine glands are glands that secrete hormones into the body
ĔN-dō-krĭn glăndz
An endocrinologist is someone who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases within the endocrine glands
ĕn-dō-krĭ-NŎL-ō-jĭst
Endocrinology is the study of endocrine glands and the hormones it secretes
ĕn-dō-krĭ-NŎL-ō-jē
An endoscope is an instrument that goes into the body to give a bird’s eye view of the bodies internal parts/organs
ĔN-dō-skōp
Endoscopy is a procedure where an endoscope is used to view the parts within an organisms body.
ĕn-DŎS-kō-pē
Enteritis refers to inflammation within the intestine
ĕn-tĕ-RĪ-tĭs
Enteropathy refers to a disease within the intestine
ĕn-tĕ-RŎP-ă-thē
Epidermis is the surface epithelium of the skin
ĕp-ĭ-DĔR-mĭs
Epigastric refers to the area above the stomach
ĕp-ĭ-GĂS-trĭk
An erythrocyte is a red blood cell without a nucleus
ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt
Excision means to surgically remove
ĕk-SĬ-zhŭn
Exocrine glands are glands that secrete oils, sweat, and other substances that help our body function
ĔK-sō-krĭn glăndz
Gastrectomy refers to the surgical removal of a part or all of the stomach
găs-TRĔK-tō-mē
The word gastric refers to something of the stomach
GĂS-trĭk
Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine that deals with stomach disorders
găs-trō-ĕn-tĕr-ŎL-ō-jē
Gastrotomy is a surgical opening into the stomach for food consumption
găs-TRŎT-ō-mē
A gynecologist is a person who deals with female reproductive organs.
gī-nĕ-KŎL-ō-jĭst
Gynecology is the study for treatment and of/for female reproductive systems
gī-nĕ-KŎL-ō-jē
Hematology is the study of the physiology of blood
hē-mă-TŎL-ō-jē
A hematoma refers to the swelling of clotted blood within the skin/body
hē-mă-TŌ-mă
Hemoglobin is a red protein that transports oxygen through the blood that flows through an organism's body
HĒ-mō-glō-bĭn
Hepatitis refers to inflammation within the liver
hĕp-ă-TĪ-tĭs
Hepatoma refers to cancer within the cells in the liver
hĕp-ă-TŌ-mă
Hyperglycemia refers to an excess of sugar (glucose) found within the bloodstream
hī-pĕr-glī-SĒ-mē-ă
Hyperthyroidism means overactivity within the thyroid gland
hī-pĕr-THĪ-rŏyd-ĭsm
Hypodermic refers to the region immediately under the skin
hī-pō-DĔR-mĭk
Hypogastric refers to the part of the abdomen below the stomach
hī-pō-GĂS-trĭk
Hypoglycemia is when a person has low blood sugar/glucose
hī-pō-glī-SĒ-mē-ă
Iatrogenic refers to an illness caused by medical examination or treatment
ī-ăt-rō-JĔN-ĭk
An incision is a surgical cut made on the skin
ĭn-SĬ-zhŭn
Leukemia is a disease where cancer forms within the blood cells
lū-KĒ-mē-ă
A leukocyte is basically a white blood cell that is colorless.
LŪ-kō-sīt
Leukocytosis is when there is an increase in white blood cells within the blood.
lū-kō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
A nephrectomy is a surgical removal of one or two kidneys
nĕ-FRĔK-tō-mē
Nephritis refers to inflammation within the kidneys
nĕ-FRĪ-tĭs
Nephrology is the study of diseases and physiology of the kidneys
nĕ-FRŎL-ō-jē
Nephrosis is a kidney disease
nĕ-FRŌ-sĭs
Neural is a term related to a nerve or the nervous system
NŪ-răl
Neuralgia refers to intense pain from a nerve.
nū-RĂL-jă
Neurologic is a term that relates to disorders within the nervous system
nū-rō-LŎJ-ĭk
Neurology is the study of disorders within the nervous system
nū-RŎL-ō-jē
An oncologist is a person who learns to diagnose and treat tumors
ŏn-KŎL-ō-jĭst
Oncology is the study of tumors
ŏn-KŎL-ō-jē
An ophthalmologist is a person who studies disorders and diseases for the eyes.
ŏf-thăl-MŎL-ō-jĭst
A ophthalmoscope is an instrument for examination for the retina and other eye parts
ŏf-THĂL-mō-skōp
Osteitis refers to the inflammation of a substance within bone
ŏs-tē-Ī-tĭs
Osteoarthritis refers to degeneration of bone and cartilage
ŏs-tē-ō-ăr-THRĪ-tĭs
Osteotomy is a surgical cut used to remove a piece of bone for study
ŏs-tē-ŎT-ō-mē
Pathogenic refers to something that causes a disease
păth-ō-JĔN-ĭk
A pathologist is a studier of diseases
pă-THŎL-ŏ-jĭst
Pathology is the study of diseases on body tissue
pă-THŎL-ō-jē
Pediatric refers to a medical group that studies child health
pē-dē-ĂT-rĭk
Pericardium refers to the membrane around the heart
pĕr-ĭ-KĂR-dē-ŭm
Prognosis refers to the likelihood of a disease or ailment
prŏg-NŌ-sĭs
The prostate gland is a gland that helps secrete hormones for the male reproductive system
PRŎS-tāt glănd
A psychiatrist is someone who specializes in mental illnesses
sī-KĪ-ă-trĭst
Psychology is the study of the human mind
sī-KŎL-ō-jē
Radiology is the study of x-rays and other radiations
rā-dē-ŎL-ō-jē
Renal refers to the kidneys
RĒ-năl
Resection refers to the process of cutting out tissue or parts of an organ
rē-SĔK-shŭn
Retrocardiac is a word that refers to before/behind the heart
rĕ-trō-KĂR-dē-ăc
Rhinitis refers to inflammation of the mucous membrane within the nose
rī-NĪ-tĭs
Sarcoma refers to a tumor that occurs in the tissue or bone
săr-KŌ-mă
Subhepatic is a word that refers to under the liver
sŭb-hĕ-PĂT-ĭk
A thrombocyte is a platelet
THRŎM-bō-sīt
Transhepatic refers to a procedure that goes through an injection into bile ducts
trănz-hĕ-PĂT-ĭk
Urology is the study of the urinary system
ū-RŎL-ō-jē
Chapter 2 - Pronunciation of Terms
The abdomen is a part of the body known to contain the stomach and intestines.
ĂB-dō-mĕn
The abdominal cavity is a cavity that contains the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys, and the lower part of the esophagus.
ăb-DŎM-ĭ-năl KĂ-vĭ-tē
Adipose tissue is used to store fat within the belly
ĂD-ĭ-pōs
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules, where small molecules form together to make complex molecules.
ă-NĂB-ō-lĭzm
Anterior means towards the front.
an-TĒ-rē-ŏr
Cartilage is flexible connective tissue that is found in the larynx and the respiratory tract.
KĂR-tĭ-lĭj
Catabolism breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules to produce energy for cells within the body.
kă-TĂB-ō-lĭzm
Caudal means inferior or away from the head
KĂW-dăl
Cell membrane is the semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell
Sĕl MĔM-brān
Cephalic means of, in or relating to the head
SĔF-ă-lĭk
Cervical refers to the neck
SĔR-vĭ-kăl
Chondroma are tumors made of cartilage found in small bones near the hands and feet
kŏn-DRŌ-mă
Chondrosarcoma is a bone cancer that develops within cartilage
kŏn-drō-săr-KŌ-mă
A chromosome is a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein located in the nucleus of most living cells. Their job is to carry genes.
KRŌ-mō-sōm
Coccygeal refers to the coccyx
kŏk-sĭ-JĒ-ăl
The coccyx is a small triangular bone found at the base of the spine.
KŎK-sĭks
The cranial cavity is the space in the skull that holds the brain.
KRĀ-nē-ăl KĂ-vĭ-tē
Craniotomy is a surgical procedure where the doctor opens up and does surgery within the skull
krā-nē-ŎT-ō-mē
Cytoplasm is the material or protoplasm found within a living cell
SĪ-tō-plăzm
Deep means away from or further into the body
dēp
The diaphragm is a dome shaped muscular partition that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It helps with breathing
DĪ-ă-frăm
disk (disc)s are the spongy cushions that help separate the bones of the spine
dĭsk
Distal means away from the center of the body
DĬS-tăl
Dorsal means of on or relating to the upper side of the back of a organism
DŎR-săl
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules within the cytoplasm that is known to help produce proteins and lipid synthesis
ĕn-dō-PLĂZ-mĭk rē-TĬK-ū-lŭm
The epigastric region is the region above the central upper abdomen
ĕp-ĭ-GĂS-trĭk RĒ-jŭn
Epithelial cells are a type of cell that covers the surfaces of the body.
ĕp-ĭ-THĒ-lē-ăl sĕlz
The frontal plane is the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior
FRŬN-tăl plān
Genes are codes of heredity taken from the parents which help determine characteristics for offspring.
jēnz
Histology is the study of microscopic tissues
hĭs-TŎL-ō-jē
The hypochondriac region are the two superolateral regions of the abdomen which are on either side of the epigastric region
hī-pō-KŎN-drē-ăk RĒ-jŭn
The hypogastric region refers to the area under the stomach (basically reproductive system)
hĭ-pō-GĂS-trĭk RĒ-jŭn
The iliac relates to the ilium or the lower body
ĬL-ē-ăk
Inferior means lower or away from the head
in-FĒR-ē-ŭr
The inguinal region is around the groin area
ĬNG-gwĭ-năl RĒ-jŭn
Intervertebral means between the vertebrae
ĭn-tĕr-VĔR-tĕ-brăl
A karyotype is the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes within the cell nuclei.
KĂR-ē-ō-tīp
The larynx is the hollow muscular organ that allows vocal communication within the neck area
LĂR-ĭnks
Lateral means of, at, toward or from the middle of the body
LĂT-ĕr-al
The lumbar region is a region on the lower end of the spinal column
LŬM-băr RĒ-jŭn
Lumbosacral is an injury for the lower back that causes lower back pains
lŭm-bō-SĀ-krăl
Medial refers to the middle
MĒ-dē-ăl
Mediastinum is a partition between organs and cavities
mē-dē-ă-STĪ-nŭm
Metabolism refers to all the physical and chemical processes in the body that convert or use energy to stay alive
mĕ-TĂB-ō-lĭzm
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell!
mī-tō-KŎN-drē-ă
Nucleic acids are a complex organic substance that is found in living cells.
nū-KLĒ-ĭk
The nucleus is the central core of a cell, it provides directions to organelles within the cell
NŪ-klē-ŭs
The pelvic cavity is a bowl-like structure that is below the abdominal cavity.
PĔL-vĭk KĂ-vĭ-tē
Peritoneum is the membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs
pĕ-rĭ-tō-NĒ-ŭm
The pharynx is a cavity that connects the nose and mouth to the esophagus.
FĂR-ĭnks
The pituitary gland is a gland attached to the base of the brain, mainly used for growth and development of other endocrine glands.
pĭ-TOO-ĭ-tăr-ē glănd
Pleura is a pair of serous membranes that line the thorax and is around the lungs.
PLOO-ră
The pleural cavity is a fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs.
PLOOR-ăl KĂ-vĭ-tē
Posterior means further back more towards the gluteus maximus
pŏs-TĒR-ē-ŏr
Prone means to lie flat on your stomach
Prōn
Proximal means near the center of the body or the point of attachment
PRŎKS-ĭ-măl
Sacral refers to the sacrum
SĀ-krăl
The sacrum is a triangular bone in the lower back between the two hip bones of the pelvis.
SĀ-krŭm
The sagittal plane is a vertical plane running from front to back
SĂJ-ĭ-tăl plān
The sarcoma is a tumor of connective or nonepithelial tissue.
săr-KŌ-mă
The spinal cavity is a space formed by the vertebral column that stores a portion of the central nervous system
SPĪ-năl KĂ-vĭ-tē
The spinal column refers to the spine/backbone
SPĪ-năl KŎL-ŭm
The spinal cord refers to the cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers and tissues that is in the spine and connects the parts of the body to the brain.
SPĪ-năl kŏrd
Superficial means on the surface/exterior or shallow
sū-pĕr-FĬSH-ăl
Superior means above
sū-PĒR-ē-ŭr
Supine means someone is lying on their back
SOO-pīn
The thoracic cavity is a space inside your chest that contains the heart, lungs and other organs and tissues.
thō-RĂS-ĭk KĂ-vĭ-tē
Thoracotomy refers to a surgical incision into the chest (wall)
thō-ră-KŎT-ō-mē
The thyroid gland is a large gland in the neck which secretes hormones for growth.
THĪ-royd glănd
The trachea is a large tube which moves air from and to the lungs
TRĀ-kē-ă
Tracheal refers to anything related to the trachea
TRĀ-kē-ăl
The transverse plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body in half where it involves waist to toes and chest to head.
trănz-VĔRS plān
The umbilical region is near the stomach, basically where the umbilical cord goes
ŭm-BĬL-ĭ-kăl RĒ-jŭn
The ureter is a duct where urine passes from the kidney to the bladders or cloaca
Ū-rĕ-tĕr or ū-RĒ-tĕr
The urethra is a duct for urine passing through except its for male system (also produces semen)
ū-RĒ-thră
The uterus is an organ in a woman where babies are born… a.k.a THE WOMB
Ū-tĕ-rŭs
Ventral refers to the underside of an organism
VĔN-trăl
Vertebra refers to each of the small bones that form the backbone
VĔR-tĕ-bră
Vertebrae refers to all or many of the small bones that form the backbone
VĔR-tĕ-brā
Vertebral refers to anything relating to the vertebrae
VĔR-tĕ-brăl or vĕr-TĒ-brăl
Viscera refers to the internal organs in the main cavities of the body
VĬS-ĕr-ă
Visceral refers to anything related to the viscera
VĬS-ĕr-ăl
Chapter 3 - Pronunciation of Terms
Abdominocentesis is the process where you insert a small gauge needle into the abdomen to evaluate if fluid is present and obtain a sample for further testing for early diagnosis of peritonitis or serious injury.
ăb-dŏm-ĭ-nō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Achondroplasia refers to loss of growth within the bones in the body and abnormal growth in the skull bones. In other words, Dwarfism
ā-kŏn-drō-PLĀ-zē-ă
Acromegaly is a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much growth hormone
ăk-rō-MĔG-ă-lē
Acrophobia refers to the fear of heights
ăk-rō-FŌ-bē-ă
Acute refers to something that is present or experienced to a severe degree.
ă-KŪT
Adenoids are a mass of enlarged lymphatic tissue between the back of the nose and throat. Usually makes it difficult for young children to speak and breathe
ĂD-ĕ-noydz
Adipose is tissue used for storing fat
Ă-dĭ-pōs
Agoraphobia is the fear of open or crowded places.
ă-gŏr-ă-FŌ-bē-ă
Amniocentesis is a process where a hollow needle is inserted into the uterus to screen for abnormalities in a fetus.
ăm-nē-ō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood produces a lower-than-normal amount of healthy red blood cells
ă-NĒ-mē-ă
Angiogenesis refers to the development of new blood cells
ăn-jē-ō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
Angiography refers to an examination through X-ray of blood or lymph vessels
ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
Angioplasty refers to surgical repair of a blood vessel.
ăn-jē-ō-PLĂS-tē
Arterioles are a small branch of an artery that leads into the capillaries
ăr-TĒR-ē-ōl
Arteriosclerosis is when the walls of the arteries thicken and harden from old age
ăr-tē-rē-ō-sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs
Arthralgia refers to joint pain
ăr-THRĂL-jă
Atrophy is when a body tissue or organ wastes away due to lack of use.
ĂT-rō-fē
Axillary refers to anything related to the armpit
ĂK-sĭ-lār-ē
Basophil refers to a basophilic white blood cell
BĀ-sō-fĭl
A biopsy is an examination of tissue removed from the body to determine the stage of a disease.
BĪ-ŏp-sē
Blepharoptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid that may affect one or both eyes
blĕf-ă-rŏp-TŌ-sĭs
Bronchitis is a condition that develops when the airways in the lungs, called bronchial tubes, become inflamed and cause coughing
brŏng-KĪ-tĭs
Carcinogenesis refers to the initiation of cancer formation
kăr-sĭ-nō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
Carcinogenic refers to the potential to cause cancer
kăr-sĭ-nō-JĔN-ik
Cardiac refers to anything related to the heart
KĂR-dē-ăk
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body
kăr-dē-ō-mī-ŎP-ă-thē
Chemotherapy is a treatment of diseases through chemical substances
kē-mō-THĔR-ĕ-pē
Chondromalacia is an affliction of the hyaline cartilage coating of the articular surfaces of the bone
kŏn-drō-mă-LĀ-shă
Chronic refers to an illness that persists for a long time or has a recurring rate
KRŎN-ĭk
Colostomy is a surgical operation where a piece of the colon is moved to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so the doctor can remove the damaged part of the colon
fkō-LŎS-tō-mē
Cystocele is a condition in which supportive tissues around the bladder and vaginal wall weaken and stretch, allowing the bladder and vaginal wall to fall into the vaginal cana
SĬS-tō-sēl
Electroencephalogram is a test or record of brain activity produced by electroencephalography
ē-lĕk-trō-ĕn-SĔF-ă-lō-grăm
The electroencephalograph is a machine used for electroencephalography
ē-lĕk-trō-ĕn-SĔF-ă-lō-grăf
Electroencephalography refers to the measurement of electrical activity in different parts of the brain
ē-lĕk-trō-ĕn-sĕf-ă-LŎG-ră-fē
Eosinophil is a white blood cell that contains granules that are readily stained by eosin (red dye)
ē-ō-SĬN-ō-fĭl
A erythrocyte is a red blood cell that is typically without a nucleus
ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt
Erythropenia is a condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of red blood cells in the body
ĕ-rĭth-rō-PĒ-nē-ă
The esophagus is an organ that connects the throat to the stomach
ĕ-SŎF-ă-gus
A hematoma is a solid swelling of clotted blood
hē-mă-TŌ-mă
Hemolysis refers to the rupture or destruction of red blood cells
hē-MŎL-ĭ-sĭs
Hemostasis refers to the stopping of blood flow
hē-mō-STĀ-sĭs
Hydronephrosis refers to swelling of one or two kidneys
hī-drō-nĕ-FRŌ-sĭs
Hydrotherapy is a treatment through exercises in a pool to treat arthritis
hī-drō-THĔR-ă-pē
Hypertrophy is the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells
hī-PĔR-trō-fē
Inguinal refers to the groin
ĬNG-wĭ-năl
Ischemia refers to a lack of blood flow to an organ or part of the body
ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă
The laparoscope is a fiber optic instrument inserted into the abdominal wall to view organs within the abdomen.
LĂP-ă-rō-skōp
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a fiber-optic instrument is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen
lă-pă-RŎS-kō-pē
Laparotomy refers to a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity
lăp-ă-RŎT-ō-mē
Laryngeal refers to anything relating to the larynx
lă-RĬN-jē-ăl or lăr-ĭn-JĒ-ăl
Laryngectomy is a surgery to remove part or all of your larynx
lăr-ĭn-JĔK-tō-mē
Leukemia refers to cancer within the blood cells
lū-KĒ-mē-ă
A leukocyte is a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and fluids within the body. A.K.A. White blood cell
LŪ-kō-sīt
Leukocytosis refers to an increase in white blood cells
lū-kō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the immune system of most vertebrates
LĬM-fō-sīt
A mammogram is a x-ray of the breast
MĂM-mō-grăm
Mastectomy is a surgical operation to remove a breast
măs-TĔK-tō-mē
Metastasis refers to the development of secondary malignant growths of cancer
mĕ-TĂS-tă-sĭs
Monocyte is a large phagocytic white blood cell
MŎN-ō-sīt
Morphology is the study of the forms of things
mŏr-FŎL-ō-jē
Mucoid refers to anything involving mucus
MŪ-koyd
The mucous membrane is an epithelial tissue which secretes mucus
MŪ-kŭs MĔM-brān
Mucus is a slimy substance secreted by mucous membranes for lubrication
MŪ-kŭs
Myalgia refers to pain in a muscle or muscles
mī-ĂL-jă
Myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord
MĪ-ĕ-LĪ-tĭs
Myeloma is a malignant tumor of the bone marrow
mī-ĕ-LŌ-mă
Myomas are smooth, non-cancerous tumors that may develop in or around the uterus
mī-Ō-mă
Myosarcoma is a malignant muscle tumor
mī-ō-săr-KŌ-mă
Necropsy is another term for autopsy…a postmortem examination to determine the cause of death
NĔ-krŏp-sē
Necrosis refers to the death of most or all the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or less blood supply
nĕ-KRŌ-sĭs
Necrotic refers to something that has a dead like state
nĕ-KRŎT-ĭk
Nephrologist is a specialist who deals with anything kidney related
nĕ-FRŎL-ō-jĭst
Nephropathy refers to deterioration of kidney function
nĕ-FRŎP-ă-thē
Neuralgia refers to intense pain along a nerve
nū-RĂL-jă
Neutropenia refers to less white blood cells
nū-trō-PĒ-nē-ă
Neutrophil is a neutrophilic white blood cell
NŪ-trō-fĭl
Ophthalmology refers to a branch of medicine that deals with anything eye related
ŏf-thăl-MŎL-ō-jē
Osteogenic refers to anything related to the formation of bone
ŏs-tē-ō-JĔN-ĭk
Osteomalacia describes a disorder of “bone softening” in adults that is usually due to prolonged deficiency of vitamin D (milk)
ŏs-tē-ō-mă-LĀ-shă
Otalgia refers to ear ache
ō-TĂL-jă
Paracentesis the perforation of a cavity of the body or of a cyst or similar outgrowth, especially with a hollow needle to remove fluid or gas.
pă-ră-cĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Pathogenesis refers to the manner of development of a disease
păth-ŏ-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
Pathologic refers to anything relating to pathology (diseases)
păth-ō-LŎJ-ĭk
Pericardium refers to the membrane that encloses the heart
pĕr-ē-KĂR-dē-ŭm
Peritoneal refers to a membrane, a sheet of smooth tissue that lines your abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds your abdominal organs
pĕr-ĭ-tō-NĒ-ăl
Phlebotomy is a surgical opening or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood
flĕ-BŎT-ō-mē
A platelet is a small disk shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, usually involved in clotting
PLĀT-lĕt
Pleural is a pair of serous membranes that line the thorax and lungs
PLŬR-ăl
Pleurodynia refers to pain in the chest or upper abdomen when you breathe
plūr-ō-DĬN-ē-ă
Pneumonia is an infection within the lungs
nū-MŌN-yă
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are the most abundant cellular component of the host immune system and primary mediators of the innate immune response to invading microorganisms.
pŏl-ē-mŏr-fō-NŪ-klē-ăr LŪ-kō-sīt
Ptosis refers to downward placement, the upper eyelid droops over the eye
TŌ-sĭs
Pulmonary refers to anything related to the lungs
PŪL-mō-nā-rē
A radiographer is a medical technician who operates equipment to produce radiographic images
rā-dē-ŎG-ră-fĕr
Radiotherapy is another name for radiation therapy which helps with cancer treatment
rā-dē-ō-THĔR-ă-pē
A rectocele is a type of prolapse where the supportive wall of tissue between a woman's rectum and vaginal wall weakens
RĔK-tō-sēl
Rhinorrhea refers to a runny nose, or mucus constantly flowing out of the nose
rī-nō-RĒ-ă
Splenomegaly refers to enlargement of the spleen
splē-nō-MĔG-ă-lē
Staphylococci is a bacterium that causes pus to form
stăf-ĭ-lō-KŎK-sī
Streptococcus is a bacterium that causes infections such as pneumonia and scarlet fever
strĕp-tō-KŎK-ŭs
Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs
thō-ră-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Thrombocyte is another word for a platelet
THRŌM-bō-sīt
Thrombocytopenia is a condition where there is a lack of platelets in the body
thrŏm-bō-sī-tō-PĒ-nē-ă
Thrombophlebitis is inflammation within the wall of a vein
thrŏm-bō-flĕ-BĪ-tĭs
Tonsillar refers to anything related to the tonsils
TŎN-sĭ-lăr
Tonsillitis refers to tonsil inflammation
tŏn-sĭ-LĪ-tĭs
Tracheostomy is an incision within the windpipe made to allow breathing
trā-kē-ŎS-tō-mē
Tracheotomy is another word for an incision within the windpipe made to allow breathing
trā-kē-ŎT-ō-mē
A venule is a very small vein
VĔN-ūl
Chapter 4 - Pronunciation of Terms
An abductor is a muscle whose contraction moves a limb or part away from the midline of the body, or from another part
ăb-DŬK-tŏr
Abnormal means something that is not normal or usual
ăb-NŌR-măl
An adductor is a muscle whose contraction moves a limb or other part of the body toward the midline of the body or toward another part of the body
ă-DŬK-tŏr
Adrenal Glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys that produce hormones
ă-DRĒ-năl glăndz
Anabolism refers to the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.
ă-NĂ-bō-lĭzm
Analysis is a detailed examination of a structure of something
ă-NĂL-ĭ-sĭs
Anoxia means an absence of oxygen
ă-NŎK-sē-ă
Ante Cibum means before meals
ĂN-tē SĒ-bŭm
Anteflexion means bending forward
ăn-tē-FLĔK-shŭn
Antepartum means before birth
ăn-tē-PĂR-tŭm
An antibiotic is a medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms
ăn-tĭ-bī-ŎT-ĭk
An antibody is a blood protein produced to counteract a specific antigen
ĂN-tĭ-bŏd-ē
An antigen is a toxin or other which induces an immune response mainly with antibodies.
ĂN-tĭ-jĕn
Antisepsis is the practice of using antiseptics to eliminate the microorganisms that cause diseases
ăn-tĭ-SĔP-sĭs
Antitoxin is a antibody that counteracts a toxin
ăn-tĭ-TŎK-sĭn
Apnea refers to temporary stopping of breathing
ĂP-nē-ă or ăp-NĒ-ă
Autoimmune disease is when the body's natural defense system can't tell the difference between your own cells and foreign cells and chooses to attack the bodies cells
ăw-tō-ĭ-MŪN dĭ-ZĒZ
Benign means a disease that isn't harmful is in effect
bē-NĪN
Bifurcation refers to the division of something into two branches or parts
bī-fŭr-KĀ-shŭn
Bilateral refers to having or relating to both sides
bī-LĂT-ĕr-ăl
Bradycardia refers to a very low heart rate
brăd-ē-KĂR-dē-ă
Catabolism refers to the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones
kă-TĂB-ō-lĭzm
A congenital anomaly is basically physical issues that occur during birth. Basically birth defects.
kŏn-JĔN-ĭ-tăl ă-NŎM-ă-lē
Connective tissue are tissues that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs
kŏn-NĔK-tĭv TĬ-shū
Contraindication refers to a condition or circumstance that suggests or indicates that a particular technique or drug should not be used in the case in question
kŏn-tră-ĭn-dĭ-KĀ-shŭn
Contralateral relates to anything on the side of the body opposite of where a particular structure or condition occurs
kŏn-tră-LĂT-ĕr-ăl
Dehydration is the lack of water/liquids within the body
dē-hī-DRĀ-shŭn
Dialysis is the separation of particles in a liquid on the basis of differences in their ability to pass through a membrane
dī-ĂL-ĭ-sĭs
Diameter refers to a straight line passing from side to side through the center of a figure.
dī-ĂM-ĭ-tĕr
Diarrhea is a condition where feces is discharged through the bowels frequently in a liquid form
dī-ă-RĒ-ă
Dysentery is an infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the feces.
DĬS-ĕn-tĕ-rē
Dysplasia refers to the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue
dĭs-PLĀ-zē-ă
Dyspnea refers to difficulty in breathing
DĬSP-nē-ă Or dĭsp-NĒ-ă
Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus.
ĕk-TŎP-ĭk PRĔG-năn-sē
Endocardium is the thin, smooth membrane which lines the insides of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
ĕn-dō-KĂR-dē-ŭm
An endoscope is an instrument that gets put into the body to give a view of our inner organs
ĔN-dō-skōp
Endotracheal is something that is situated or occurs within through the trachea
ĕn-dō-TRĀ-kē-ăl
Epithelium is the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface and lines the alimentary canal and other hollow structures
ĕp-ĭ-THĒ-lē-ŭm
Euphoria is the feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness (A high)
ū-FŎR-ē-ă
Euthyroid refers to a normal functioning thyroid gland
ū-THĪ-royd
Exophthalmos is when there is an abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
ĕk-sŏf-THĂL-mŏs
Hemiglossectomy is a surgery where one side of the tongue is cut
hĕm-ē-glŏs-SĔK-tō-mē
Hyperglycemia refers to an excess of glucose in the bloodstream
hī-pĕr-glī-SĒ-mē-ă
Hyperplasia refers to the enlargement of an organ or tissue due to an increase in cell production
hī-pĕr-PLĀ-zē-ă
Hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of it’s cells
hī-PĔR-trō-fē
Hypodermic injection refers to an injection made into the tissues beneath the skin
hī-pō-DĔR-mĭk ĭn-JĔK-shŭn
Hypoglycemia refers to the body having a lack of sugar within the blood
hī-pō-glī-SĒ-mē-ă
Incision refers to a surgical cut made in the skin
ĭn-SĬZ-Ŏn
Infracostal refers to beneath the ribs
ĭn-fră-KŎS-tăl
Insomniac is someone who is not able to sleep regularly
ĭn-SŎM-nē-ăk
Intercostal refers to between the ribs
ĭn-tĕr-KŎS-tăl
Intravenous means existing or taking place within, or administered through a vein or veins
ĭn-tră-VĒ-nŭs
Macrocephaly refers to an enlarged head at birth
măk-rō-SĔF-ă-lē
Malaise refers to a general feeling of discomfort, illness or uneasiness with no cause
măl-ĀZ
Malignant refers to a disease that is very infectious
mă-LĬG-nănt
Metacarpal bones are long, thin bones that are located between the carpal bones in the wrist and the phalanges
mĕ-tă-KĂR-păl bōnz
Metamorphosis is the process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages
mĕt-ă-MŎR-fŏ-sĭs
Metastasis is the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer
mĕ-TĂS-tă-sĭs
Microscope is an instrument used to examine miniscule microscopic structures
MĪ-krō-skōp
Neonatal refers to anything related to newborn children
nē-ō-NĀ-tăl
Neoplasm refers to a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body
NĒ-ō-plăzm
Pancytopenia refers to having a low level of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
păn-sī-tō-PĒ-nē-ă
Paralysis refers to the loss of the ability to move
pă-RĂL-ĭ-sĭs
Parathyroid Glands are glands that help regulate the bodies blood level’s calcium and phosphorus
păr-ă-THĪ-royd glănz
Percutaneous refers to anything made, done or effected through the skin
pĕr-kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs
Pericardium refers the the membrane enclosing the heart
pĕ-rē-KAR-dē-ŭm
Periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue around the bones
pĕr-ē-ŎS-tē-ŭm
Polymorphonuclear means having a nucleus with several lobes and a cytoplasm that contains granules, as in an eosinophil or basophil.
pŏl-ĕ-mŏr-fō-NŪ-klē-ăr
Polyneuritis is a disorder affecting several or many peripheral nerves
pŏl-ē-nū-RĪ-tĭs
Postmortem is an examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death
pōst-MŎR-tĕm
Postpartum means following childbirth
pōst-PĂR-tŭm
Precancerous refers to the likelihood of something to develop into cancer if untreated
prē-KĂN-sĕr-ŭs
Prenatal means before birth
prē-NĀ-tăl
Prodrome is an early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness
PRŌ-drōm
Prolapse refers to a displacement of a part or organ of the body from it’s normal position
PRŌ-lăps
Prosthesis is an artificial body part
prŏs-THĒ-sĭs
Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been formed artificially by combining different organisms
rē-KŎM-bĭ-nănt DNA
Relapse is where someone has a deterioration in a state of health after health was recovered
RĒ-lăps
Remission is the cancellation of a debt, charge, or penalty
rē-MĬ-shŭn
Retroflexion refers to the state of being bent backwards
rĕt-rō-FLĔK-shŭn
Retroperitoneal is anything that happens behind the peritoneum (membrane around abdomen cavity)
rĕt-rō-pĕr-ĭ-tō-NĒ-ăl
Subcutaneous is when something is situated or applied under the skin
sŭb-kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs
Suprapubic means above the pubic
sū-pră-PŪ-bĭk
Symbiosis is an interaction between two different organisms living together in harmony
sĭm-bē-Ō-sĭs
Symmetry refers to the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing around an axis
SĬM-mĕ-trē
Symphysis is a place where two bones are closely joined leading to an immovable joint
SĬM-fĭ-sĭs
Syndactyly is the condition of having some or all of the fingers or toes wholly or partly united, either naturally
sĭn-DĂK-tĭ-lē
Syndrome is a group of symptoms which consistently occur together
SĬN-drōm
Synthesis is the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials
SĬN-thĕ-sĭs
Tachypnea means abnormally rapid breathing (hyperventilation)
tă-KĬP-nē-ă Or tăk-ĭp-NĒ-ă
Transfusion is an act of transferring donated blood or other fluids into the circulatory system
trăns-FŪ-zhŭn
Transurethral is a medical procedure performed through the urethra
trăns-ū-RĒ-thrăl
Ultrasonography is a technique using echoes of ultrasound pulses to describe objects or areas of different densities in the body (like babies)
ŭl-tră-sŏ-NŎG-ră-fē
Unilateral is anything relating to,occurring on, or affecting one side of an organ or structure
ū-nē-LĂT-ĕr-ă
Chapter 5 - Pronunciation of Terms
Absorption is the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another
ăb-SŎRP-shŭn
Achlorhydria is when there is an absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretions
ā-chlōr-HĪD-rē-ă
Amino Acids are a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group within a protein
ă-MĒ-nō ĂS-ĭdz
Amylase is an enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic fluid that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars
ĂM-ĭ-lās
Anastomosis is a cross-connection between adjacent channels, tubes, fibers, or other parts of a network.
ă-năs-tō-MŌ-sĭs
Anus is the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through where solid fecal matter leaves the body
Ā-nŭs
Appendectomy is a surgical operation to remove the appendix
ăp-ĕn-DĔK-tō-mĒ
Appendicitis is when the appendix gets swollen or diseased
ă-pĕn-dĭ-SĪ-tĭs
The appendix is a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine
ă-PĔN-dĭks
Bile is a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
bīl
Biliary refers to anything relating to bile or the bile duct.
BĬL-ē-ăr-ē
Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
bĭl-ĭ-ROO-bĭn
Bowel is another word for the intestine
BŎW-ĕl
Buccal Mucosa is the lining of the cheeks and the back of the lips, inside the mouth where they touch the teeth
BŬK-ăl mū-KŌ-să
Canine Teeth are a pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars of a mammal
KĀ-nīn tēth
Cecal refers to anything related to the cecum
SĒ-kăl
Cecum is a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines
SĒ-kŭm
Celiac refers to anything related to the abdomen
SĒ-lē-ăk
Cheilosis is an abnormal condition of the lips characterized by scaling of the surface and by the formation of fissures in the corners of the mouth
kī-LŌ-sĭs
Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder
kō-lĕ-sĭs-TĔK-tō-mē
Choledocholithiasis is the presence of at least one gallstone in the common bile duct.
kō-lĕ-dō-kō-lĭ-THĪ-ă-sĭs
choledochojejunostomy is a surgical procedure to connect the common bile duct to the jejunum, the middle part of the small intestine in between the duodenum and the ileum
kō-lĕ-dō-kō-jĭ-jū-NŎS-tō-mē
Choledochotomy is a surgical incision of the common bile duct
kō-lĕ-dō-KŎT-ō-mē
Cholelithiasis are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the gallbladder
kō-lē-lĭ-THĪ-ă-sĭs
Colon is the main part of the large intestine, which passes from the cecum to the rectum and absorbs water and electrolytes from food that has remained undigested
KŌ-lŏn
Colonic refers to anything colon related
kō-LŎN-ĭk
Colonoscopy is a procedure in which a flexible fiber-optic instrument is inserted through the anus in order to examine the colon
kō-lŏn-ŎS-kō-pē
Colostomy is a surgical operation in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of the colon
kŏ-LŎS-tō-mē
The common bile duct is a duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver into the duodenum
KŎM-ŏn bīl dŭkt
Defecation refers to the discharge of feces from the body
dĕf-ĕ-KĀ-shŭn
Deglutition refers to the process of swallowing
dē-gloo-TĬSH-ŭn
Dentibuccal refers to the action or process of swallowing
dĕn-tĭ-BŬK-ăl
Dentin is hard dense bony tissue forming the bulk of a toot
DĔN-tĭn
Digestion is the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body
dī-JĔST-yŭn
Duodenal is the initial C-shaped segment of the small intestine and is a continuation of the pylorus
dū-ō-DĒ-năl or dū-ŎD-ĕ-năl
Duodenum is the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum
dū-ō-DĒ-nŭm or dū-ŎD-ĕ-nŭm
Elimination means the destruction or removal of something
ē-lĭm-ĭ-NĀ-shŭn
Emulsification is where the dispersed phase is broken up into small droplets
ē-mŭl-sĭ-fĭ-KĀ-shŭn
Enamel is the thin outer covering of a tooth
ē-NĂM-ĕl
Endodontist is a dentist who practices or specializes in root canals and treatments for the pulp
ĕn-dō-DŎN-tĭst
Enterocolitis refers to inflammation of both the small intestine and the colon
ĕn-tĕr-ō-kō-LĪ-tĭs
Enteroenterostomy is an anastomosis between one part of the small bowel and another part of the small bowel
ĕn-tĕr-ō-ĕn-tĕr-ŎS-tō-mē
Enzymes are a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
ĔN-zīm
Esophageal refers to anything related to the esophagus
ĕ-sŏf-ă-JĒ-ăl
Esophagus is the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet
ĕ-SŎF-ă-gŭs
Fatty Acids are a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group
FĂT-tē Ă-sĭdz
Facial refers to anything involving the face
FĀ-shŭl
Feces is waste matter discharged from the bowels after food has been digested…aka poop
FĒ-sēz
The gallbladder is a small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine
GAWL-blă-dĕr
The gastrointestinal tract is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus
găs-trō-ĭn-TĔS-tĭn-ăl trăct
Gastrojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an anastomosis between the stomach and the jejunum
găs-trō-jĕ-jū-NŎS-tō-mē
Gastrostomy is an opening into the stomach from the abdominal wall, made surgically for the introduction of food
găs-TRŎS-tō-mē
Gingivitis refers to inflammation of the gums
jĭn-jĭ-VĪ-tĭs
Gluconeogenesis is the pathway by which glucose is formed from non-hexose precursors such as glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and glucogenic amino acids
gloo-kō-nē-ō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
Glucose is a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates
GLOO-kōs
Glycogen is a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates
GLĪ-kō-jĕn
Glycogenolysis is the biochemical pathway in which glycogen breaks down into glucose-1-phosphate and glucose
glī-kō-jĕ-NŎL-ĭ-sĭs
Hepatoma refers to cancer within the liver cells
hĕ-pă-TŌ-mă
Hepatomegaly refers to abnormal enlargement of the river
hĕ-pă-tō-MĔG-ă-lĒ
Hydrochloric Acid refers to a strongly acidic solution of the gas hydrogen chloride in water
hī-drō-KLŎR-ĭk Ă-sĭd
Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition in which there is a build up of bilirubin in the blood, causing yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin, called jaundice
hī-pĕr-bĭl-ĭ-roo-bĭ-NĒ-mē-ă
Hyperglycemia refers to an excess of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus
hī-pĕr-glī-SĒ-mē-ă
Hypoglossal refers to the nerves that control the tongue
hī-pō-GLŎ-săl
Ileitis refers to inflammation of the ileum (third portion of the small intestine)
ĭl-ē-Ī-tĭs
Ileocecal Sphincter is a muscle that separates the small intestine and large intestine
ĭl-ē-ō-SĒ-kăl SFĬNK-tĕr
Ileostomy is a surgical opening in the belly
ĭl-ē-ŎS-tō-mē
Ileum refers to the third portion of the small intestine that is between the jejunum and cecum
ĬL-ē-ŭm
Incisor is another tooth at the front of the mouth
ĭn-SĪ-zŏr
Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood
ĬN-sŭ-lĭn
Jejunum is the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
jĕ-JOO-nŭm
Labial refers to anything relating to the lips
LĀ-bē-ăl
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a fiber-optic instrument is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen
lă-pă-RŎS-kō-pē
Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols
LĪ-pās
Lithogenesis refers to The formation of calculi
lĭth-ō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
The liver is a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes
LĬ-vĕr
Lower Esophageal Sphincter allows food transit from the esophagus into the stomach and prevents the reflux of gastric contents back into the esophagus
LŌW-ĕr ĕ-sŏf-ă-JĒ-ăl SFĬNK-tĕr
Mastication means chewing
măs-tĭ-KĀ-shŭn
Mesentery is a fold of the peritoneum which attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen
MĔS-ĕn-tĕr-ē
Molar Teeth are the flat teeth at the rear of the mouth
MŌ-lăr tēth
Oral refers to anything relating to the mouth
ŎR-ăl
Orthodontist is a dentist who treats irregularities in the teeth and jaws
ŏr-thō-DŎN-tĭst
Palate refers to the roof of the mouth
PĂL-ăt
Palatopharyngoplasty is a surgical procedure involving the removal of unnecessary soft tissue from the roof of the mouth
păl-ă-tō-fă-RĬNG-gō-plăs-tē
Palatoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct or reconstruct the PALATE in a person with a CLEFT PALATE
PĂL-ă-tō-plăs-tē
Pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
PĂN-krē-ăs
Pancreatitis refers to inflammation of the pancreas
păn-krē-ă-TĪ-tĭs
Papillae is a small rounded protuberance on a part or organ of the body
pă-PĬL-ē
Parenteral refers to anything administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal
pă-RĔN-tĕr-ăl
Parotid Gland refers to either of a pair of large salivary glands situated just in front of each ear
pă-RŎT-ĭd glănd
Perianal refers to anything regarding the anus
pĕ-rē-Ā-năl
Periodontist is a dentist who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease (gum disease)
pĕr-ē-ō-DŎN-tĭst
Peritonitis refers to inflammation of the peritoneum
pĕr-ĭ-tō-NĪ-tĭs
Peristalsis refers to the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal
pĕr-ĭ-STĂL-sĭs
Pharyngeal refers to anything relating to the pharynx
făr-ăn-JĒ-ăl or fă-RĬN-jē-ăl
Pharynx is the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth
FĂR-ĭnks
Portal Vein is a vein conveying blood to the liver from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestines
PŎR-tăl vān
Postprandial refers to anything during or relating to the period after dinner or lunch
pōst-PRĂN-dē-ăl
Premolar Teeth are teeth situated between the canine and the molar teeth
prē-MŌ-lăr tēth
Proctologist is a surgical specialist with a focus on diagnosing and treating disorders of the colon, rectum and anus
prŏk-TŎL-ō-jĭst
Protease is an enzyme which breaks down proteins and peptides
PRŌ-tē-āse
Pulp is a mass of connective tissue that resides within the center of the tooth, directly beneath the layer of dentin
pŭlp
Pyloric Sphincter is a ring of smooth muscle that connects the stomach and small intestine
pī-LŎR-ĭk SFĬNK-tĕr
Pyloroplasty is surgery to widen the opening in the lower part of the stomach
pī-LŎR-ō-plăs-tē
Pylorus refers to the opening from the stomach into the duodenum
pī-LŎR-ŭs
Rectocele is a type of prolapse where the supportive wall of tissue between a woman's rectum and vaginal wall weakens
RĔK-tō-sēl
Rectum refers to the final section of the large intestine
RĔK-tŭm
Rugae are folds in the stomach's lining
ROO-gē
Saliva is watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
să-LĪ-vă
Salivary Glands produce saliva for easier chewing and digestion
SĂL-ĭ-vār-ē glăndz
Sialadenitis refers to inflammation of the salivary glands
sī-ăl-ă-dĕ-NĪ-tĭs
Sialolith are calcified organic masses that form within the salivary gland's secretory system
sī-ĂL-ō-lĭth
Sigmoid Colon is the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum
SĬG-moyd KŌ-lŏn
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic test used to check the sigmoid colon
sĭg-moyd-ŎS-kō-pē
Sphincter is a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube
SFĬNK-tĕr
Steatorrhea refers to the excretion of abnormal quantities of fat with the feces owing to reduced absorption of fat by the intestine
stē-ă-tō-RĒ-ă
The stomach is the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs
STŎM-ak
Stomatitis refers to an inflamed mouth
stō-mă-TĪ-tĭs
Sublingual refers to anything situated or applied under the tongue
sŭb-LĬNG-wăl
Submandibular refers to anything situated beneath the jaw or mandible
sŭb-măn-DĬB-ū-lăr
Triglycerides refers to an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups
trī-GLĬ-sĕ-rīdz
The uvula is a fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate which hangs above the throat
Ū-vū-lă
Uvulectomy refers to the surgical excision of the uvula
ū-vū-LĔK-tō-mē
Villi refers to any of the fingerlike or threadlike projections from the surface of certain membranous structures
VĬL-ī
PATHOLOGY TERMS:
Term
Achalasia is a rare swallowing disorder that affects the esophagus
ăk-ăh-LĀ-zē-ă
Anal Fistula is a tunnel that develops between the inside of the anus and the outside skin around the anus
Ā-năl FĬS-tū-lă
Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight
ăn-ō-RĔK-sē-ă
Aphthous Stomatitis is an illness that causes small ulcers to appear in the mouth, usually inside the lips, on the cheeks, or on the tongue
ĂF-thŭs stō-mă-TĪ-tĭs
Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling
ă-SĪ-tēz
Borborygmus is a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines
bŏr-bō-RĬG-mŭs
Cholelithiasis refers to the formation of gallstones
kō-lĕ-lĭ-THĪ-ă-sĭs
Cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue
sĭr-RŌ-sĭs
Colonic Polyps is a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon.
kō-LŎN-ĭk pŏlĭps
Colorectal Cancer is a disease in which cells in the colon or rectum grow out of control
kō-lō-RĔK-tăl KĂN-sĕr
Constipation is a problem with passing stool
cŏn-stĭ-PĀ-shŭn
Crohn Disease is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
krōn dĭ-ZĒZ
Dental Caries means tooth decay
DĔN-tăl KĂR-ēz
Diarrhea is a condition in which feces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form
dī-ăh-RĒ-ă
Diverticula is a blind tube leading from a cavity or passage
dī-vĕr-TĬK-ū-lă
Diverticulitis is the infection or inflammation of pouches that can form in the intestines
dī-vĕr-tĭk-ū-LĪ-tĭs
Diverticulosis is a condition in which diverticula are present in the intestine without signs of inflammation
dī-vĕr-tĭk-ū-LŌ-sĭs
Dysentery refers to infection of the intestines
DĬS-ĕn-tĕr-ē
Dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing
dĭs-PHĀ-jē-ă
Eructation means “a belch” or burping
ē-rŭk-TĀ-shŭn
Esophageal Cancer refers to cancer that occurs in the esophagus
ĕ-sŏf-ă-JĒ-ăl KăN-sĕr
Esophageal Varices are dilated submucosal distal esophageal veins connecting the portal and systemic circulations
ĕ-sŏf-ă-JĒ-ăl VĂR-ĭ-sēz
Etiology refers to the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
ē-tē-ŎL-ō-jē
Flatus refers to gas in or from the stomach or intestines
FLĀ-tŭs
Gastric Cancer is another name for stomach cancer
GĂS-trĭk KĂN-sĕr
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is when the stomach contents move up into the esophagus
găs-trō-ĕ-sŏf-ă-JĒ-ăl RĒ-flŭx dĭ-ZĒZ
Hematochezia is the passage of fresh blood per anus, usually in or with stools
hē-mă-tō-KĒ-zē-ă
Hemorrhoids refers to a swollen vein or group of veins in the region of the anus
HĔM-ō-roydz
Herpetic Stomatitis is a viral infection of the mouth that causes sores and ulcers
hĕr-PĔT-ĭk stō-mă-TĪ-tĭs
Hiatal Hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes up into the chest through the sheet of muscle called the diaphragm
hī-Ā-tăl HĔR-nē-ă
Icterus is another word for jaundice
ĬK-tĕr-ŭs
Idiopathic refers to anything relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown
ĭd-ē-ō-PĂTH-ĭk
Ileus is a painful obstruction of the ileum or other part of the intestine
ĬL-ē-ŭs
Inflammatory Bowel disease refers to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract
ĭn-FLĂ-mă-tō-rē BŎW-ĕl dĭ-ZĒZ
Inguinal Hernia is a bulging of the contents of the abdomen through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall
ĬNG-wĭ-năl HĔR-nē-ă
Intussusception refers to the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another
ĭn-tŭs-sŭs-SĔP-shŭn
Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a common disorder that affects the stomach and intestines, also called the gastrointestinal tract
ĬR-ĭ-tă-bl BŎW-ĕl SĬN-drōm
Jaundice is a medical condition where the skin becomes yellow or the eyes become white
JĂWN-dĭs
Lipoma is a benign tumor of fatty tissue
lī-PŌ-mă
Melena refers to dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood
MĔL-ĕ-nă or mĕ-LĒ-nă
Nausea is a feeling of sickness with a need to vomit
NĂW-zē-ă
Oral Leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder that affects the oral mucosa
ŎR-ăl lū-kō-PLĀ-kē-ă
Pancreatic Cancer refers to cancer in the pancreas’ tissues
păn-krē-Ă-tĭc KĂN-sĕr
Pancreatitis refers to inflammation of the pancreas
păn-krē-ă-TĪ-tĭs
Peptic Ulcer is a sore on the lining of the stomach, small intestine or esophagus
PĔP-tĭc ŬL-sĕr
Periodontal Disease is an infection of the tissues that are known to hold the teeth in place
pĕr-ē-ō-DŎN-tăl dĭ-ZĒZ
Pyorrhea is another term for periodontitis (inflammation of the tissue around the teeth)
pī-ŏr-RĒ-ă
Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease where abnormal reactions of the immune system cause inflammation and ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine
ŬL-sĕr-ă-tĭv kō-LĪ-tĭs
Viral Hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage
VĪ-răl hĕp-ă-TĪ-tĭs
Volvulus is an obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach or intestine
VŌL-vū-lŭs
Chapter 6 - Pronunciation of Terms
Abdominal Ultrasonography is a form of medical ultrasonography to visualise abdominal anatomical structures
ăb-DŎM-ĭn-ăl ŭl-tră-sō-NŎG-ră-fē
Abdominoplasty is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen thinner and more firm
ăb-DŎM-ĭn-ō-plăs-tē
Amylase and Lipase Tests are tests that test for pancreatitis
ă-mĭ-LĀS and LĪ-pās tests
Aphthous Stomatitis is an illness that causes small ulcers to appear in the mouth, usually inside the lips, on the cheeks, or on the tongue
ĂF-thŭs stō-mă-TĪ-tĭs
Atresia refers to the absence or abnormal narrowing of an opening or passage in the body.
ā-TRĒ-zē-ă
Bariatric Surgery are surgical procedures performed on the stomach or intestines to induce weight loss
bă-rē-Ă-trĭk SŬR-gĕr-ē
Biliary Atresia is a condition in infants in which the bile ducts outside and inside the liver are scarred and blocked
BĬL-ē-ăr-ē ā-TRĒ-zē-ă
Bronchospasms happen when the muscles that line your bronchi tighten
BRŎN-kō-spăsm
Buccal refers to anything relating to the cheek
BŬK-ăl
Cecal Volvulus is caused by axial twisting of the cecum along with the terminal ileum and ascending colon
SĒ-kăl VŎL-vū-lŭs
Celiac Disease is a disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten, leading to difficulty in digesting food
SĒ-lē-ăk dĭ-ZĒZ
Cheilosis is an abnormal condition of the lips characterized by scaling of the surface and by the formation of fissures in the corners of the mouth
kī-LŌ-sĭs
Cholangiectasis refers to dilation of the bile ducts
kō-lăn-jē-ĔK-tă-sĭs
Cholangiocarcinoma refers to bile duct cancer
kō-lăn-jē-ō-kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Cholangitis is an inflammation of the bile duct system
kōl-ăn-JĪ-tĭs
Cholangiography is an X-ray examination of the bile ducts
kōl-ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
Cholangiopancreatography refers to radiographic visualization and examination of the bile ducts and pancreas.
kōl-ăn-jē-ō-păn-krē-ă-TŎG-ră-fē
Cholecystectomy refers to surgical removal of the gallbladder
kō-lē-sĭs-TĔK-tō-mē
Cholecystojejunostomy is a surgical procedure to connect the common bile duct to the jejunum, the middle part of the small intestine in between the duodenum and the ileum
kō-lē-sĭs-tō-jĕ-jŭ-NŎS-tō-mē
Cholecystolithiasis refers to the presence of stones in the gallbladder
kō-lē-sĭs-tō-lĭ-THĪ-ă-sĭs
Choledochal refers to anything relating to, being, or occurring in the common bile duct
kō-lē-DŌK-ăl
Choledochectasia refers to dilatation of the common bile-duct.
kō-lē-dō-kĕk-TĀ-zē-ă
Cholelithiasis are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gallbladder
kō-lē-lĭ-THĪ-ă-sĭs
Cholestasis is the slowing or stalling of bile flow through your biliary system
kō-lē-STĀ-sĭs
Colectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the colon
kō-LĔK-tō-mē
Colonoscopy is a procedure to examine the colon
kō-lŏn-ŎS-kō-pē
Computed Tomography is a form of tomography in which a computer controls the motion of the X-ray source and detectors, processes the data, and produces the image
kŏm-PŪ-tĕd tō-MŎG-ră-FĒ
Dentalgia is pain in the dental pulp and/or periodontal tissues resulting from dental or non-dental diseases
dĕn-TĂL-jă
Diarrhea is a condition where feces is excreted in a liquid form
dī-ă-RE-ă
Duodenal is the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach
doo-ō-DĒ-năl
Dyspepsia means indigestion
dĭs-PĔP-sē-ă
Dysphagia is when there is difficulty or discomfort in swallowing
dĭs-FĀ-jē-ă
Endoscopic Ultrasonography is a medical procedure in which endoscopy is combined with ultrasound to obtain images of the internal organs in the chest, abdomen and colon
ĕn-dō-SKŎP-ĭk ŭl-tră-sō-NŎG-ră-fē
Esophageal Atresia is a birth defect of the swallowing tube (esophagus) that connects the mouth to the stomach
ĕ-sŏf-ă-JĒ-ăl ā-TRĒ-zē-ă
Gastric Bypass is a type of weight-loss surgery that involves creating a small pouch from the stomach and connecting the newly created pouch directly to the small intestine
GĂS-trĭk BĪ-păs
Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the stomach and intestines
găs-trō-ĕn-tĕ-RĪ-tĭs
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a procedure to diagnose and treat problems in your upper GI tract
găs-trō-ĭn-TĔS-tĭn-ăl ĕn-DŎS-kō-pē
Gastrojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an anastomosis between the stomach and the jejunum
găs-trō-jĕ-joo-NŎS-tō-mē
Gastrorrhagia is a hemorrhage from the stomach
găs-trō-RĂ-jă
Gastrostomy refers to an opening into the stomach from the abdominal wall
găs-TRŎS-tō-mē
Gingivectomy is the surgical removal of gingiva (gum tissue)
gĭn-gĭ-VĔK-tō-mē
Glossectomy is a term used to describe a family of surgical procedures resulting in resection of the tongue
glŏs-ĔK-tō-mē
Gluconeogenesis is the pathway by which glucose is formed from non-hexose precursors
glū-kō-nē-ō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
Glycogen is a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates
GLĪ-kŏ-jĕn
Hematemesis refers to vomiting blood
hē-mă-TĔM-ĕ-sĭs
Hemoptysis refers to coughing up blood
hē-MŎP-tĭ-sĭs
Hemorrhage refers to an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
HĔM-ŏr-ĭj
Hepatomegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of the liver
hĕp-ă-tō-MĔG-ă-lē
Herniorrhaphy refers to hernia surgery
hĕr-nē-ŎR-ă-fē
HIDA scan shows how well your gallbladder is working
HĬ-dă scăn
Ileostomy is an opening in the belly (abdominal wall) that's made during surgery
ĭl-ē-ŎS-tō-mē
Labiodental refers to a sound made with the lips and teeth
lā-bē-ō-DĔN-tăl
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a fiber-optic instrument is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen or to permit a surgical procedure
lă-păr-ŎS-kō-pē
Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols
LĪ-pās
Liver Biopsy refers to an examination of the liver
LĬ-vĕr BĪ-ŏp-sē
Liver Function Tests are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver
LĬ-vĕr FŬNG-shŭn tests
Lower Gastrointestinal Series is an x-ray exam used to help. diagnose problems of the large intestine
LŎW-ĕr găs-trō-ĭn-TĔS-tĭnăl SĒR-ēz
Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a form of medical imaging that measures the response of the atomic nuclei of body tissues to high-frequency radio waves when placed in a strong magnetic field, and that produces images of the internal organs
măg-NĔT-ĭk RĔ-zō-năns ĬM-ă-gĭng
Nasogastric Intubation helps put a tube in you so you can eat food without eating
nā-zō-GĂS-trĭk ĭn-too-BĀ-shŭn
Oropharynx is the part of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the hyoid bone
ŏr-ō-FĂR-ĭnks
Palatoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct or reconstruct the palate in a person with a cleft palate
PĂL-ă-tō-plăs-tē
Pancreatic refers to anything relating to the pancreas
păn-krē-ĂH-tĭk
Pancreatoduodenectomy is an operation to remove the head of the pancreas
păn-krē-ăh-tō-doo-ō-dĕ-NĔK-tō-mē
Paracentesis is the perforation of a cavity of the body or of a cyst or similar outgrowth, especially with a hollow needle to remove fluid or gas
păr-ă-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Periodontal Membrane is fleshy tissue between tooth and tooth socket that holds the tooth in place, attaches it to the adjacent teeth, and enables it to resist the stresses of chewing.
pĕr-ē-ō-DŎN-tăl MĔM-brān
Polyphagia is a feeling of extreme, insatiable hunger (sign of diabetes)
pŏl-ē-FĀ-jē-ă
Proctosigmoidoscopy is the examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon
prŏk-tō-sĭg-moyd-ŎS-kō-pē
Pyloric Stenosis is the narrowing of the lower portion of the stomach (pylorus) that leads into the small intestine
pī-LŎR-ĭk stĕ-NŌ-sĭs
Pylorospasm refers to the closure of the outlet of the stomach (pylorus) due to muscle spasm
pī-LŎR-ō-spăzm
Rectal Carcinoma refers to cancer beginning in the rectum
RĔK-tăl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Sialadenectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of one or more of the salivary glands
sī-ăl-ă-dĕ-NĔK-tō-mē
Splenic Flexure is the bend where the transverse colon and descending colon meet in the upper left part of your abdomen
SPLĔN-ĭk FLĔK-shŭr
Steatorrhea is the excretion of abnormal quantities of fat with the feces owing to reduced absorption of fat by the intestine.
stē-ă-tō-RĒ-ă
Stool Culture is a test that looks for bacteria, viruses, and other germs in your stool
stool KŬL-chŭr
Stool Guaiac is a test that looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample
stool GWĪ-ăk
Sublingual refers to anything situated or applied under the tongue
sŭb-LĬNG-wăl
Upper Gastrointestinal Series is a radiographic (X-ray) examination of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
ŬP-ĕr găs-trō-ĭn-TĔS-tĭ-năl SĔR-ē
Chapter 7 - Pronunciation of Terms
Acetone is a colorless volatile liquid ketone made by oxidizing isopropanol
ĂS-ĕ-tōn
Albuminuria refers to the presence of albumin in the urine
ăl-bū-mĭn-Ū-rē-ă
Antidiuretic Hormone is a nonapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus
ăn-tĭ-dī-ū-RĔ-tĭk HŎR-mōn
Anuria refers to failure of the kidneys to produce urine
ăn-Ū-rē-ă
Arteriole is a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries
ăr-TĔR-ē-ōl
Azotemia refers to elevated levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds in the blood.
ă-zō-TĒ-mē-ă
Bacteriuria refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine
băk-tē-rē-Ū-rē-ă
Calciferol is one of the vitamin D’s and is a sterol that is formed when its isomer ergosterol is exposed to ultraviolet light
căl-SĬ-fĕr-ŏl
Caliceal refers to anything of or relating to a calyx.
kā-lĭ-SĒ-ăl
Caliectasis refers to the swelling of calyces in your kidneys
kā-lē-ĔK-tă-sĭs
calyx (calix); plural: calyces (calices) refers to a cuplike cavity or structure
KĀ-lĭks; KĀ-lĭ-sēz
Catheter is a flexible tube inserted through a narrow opening into a body cavity, particularly the bladder, for removing fluid
KĂ-thĕ-tĕr
Cortex refers to the outer layer of the cerebrum
KŎR-tĕks
Cortical refers to anything relating to the outer layer of the cerebrum
KŎR-tĭ-kăl
Creatinine is a chemical waste product of creatine (a chemical made by the body and is used to supply energy mainly to muscles)
krē-ĂT-ĭ-nēn
Creatinine Clearance is a test that checks the kidneys’ function by looking at the amount of creatinine in the urine and blood
krē-ĂT-ĭ-nēn KLĒR-ăns
CT Urography is used to examine the kidneys, ureters and bladder
CT ū-RŎG-ră-fē
Cystectomy is a surgical operation to remove the urinary bladder
sĭs-TĔK-tō-mē
Cystitis refers to inflammation of the urinary bladder
sĭs-TĪ-tĭs
Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows the doctor to examine the lining of the bladder and the tube that carries urine out of the body
sĭs-TŎS-kō-pē
Cystostomy refers to the surgical creation of an opening into the bladder
sĭs-TŎS-tō-mē
Diabetes Insipidus is an uncommon problem that causes the fluids in the body to become out of balance
dī-ă-BĒ-tēz ĭn-SĬP-ĭ-dŭs
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of inadequate control of blood levels of glucose
dī-ă-BĒ-tēz MĔL-ĭ-tŭs
Diuresis refers to the increased or excessive production of urine
dī-ūr-RĒ-sĭs
Dysuria refers to painful or difficult urination
dĭs-Ū-rē-ă
Edema refers to swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body's tissues
ĕ-DĒ-mă
An electrolyte is a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis
ē-LĔK-trō-līt
Enuresis refers to involuntary urination
ĕn-ū-RĒ-sĭs
Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues
ĕ-rĭth-rō-PŌY-ĕ-tĭn
Essential Hypertension occurs when you have abnormally high blood pressure that is not the result of a medical condition
ē-SĔN-shŭl hī-pĕr-TĔN-shŭn
Filtration refers to the action or process of filtering something
fĭl-TRĀ-shŭn
Glomerular Capsule is a cup-shaped structure with a thin double membrane surrounding the glomerulus of each nephron of the vertebrate kidney
glō-MĔR-ū-lăr KĂP-sŭl
Glomerulonephritis refers to inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys
glō-mĕr-ū-lō-nĕ-FRĪ-tĭs
Glomerulus; plural: Glomeruli are a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in particular a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood
glō-MĔR-ū-lŭs; glō-MĔR-ū-lī
Glycosuria is a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine
glī-kōs-Ū-rē-ă
Hematuria means there is blood in your urine
hēm-ă-TŪ-rē-ă
Hemodialysis refers to kidney dialysis
hē-mō-dī-ĂL-ĭ-sĭs
Hilum refers to the scar on a seed marking the point of attachment to its seed vessel
HĪ-lŭm
Hydronephrosis refers to swelling of one or both kidneys
hī-drō-nĕ-FRŌ-sĭs
Hyperkalemia refers to a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal
hī-pĕr-kă-LĒ-mē-ă
Hyponatremia means that the sodium level in the blood is below normal
hī-pō-nă-TRĒ-mē-
Interstitial Nephritis is a kidney disease that lowers your kidneys' ability to clean your blood and make urine
ĭn-tĕr-STĬ-shŭl nĕ-FRĪ-tĭs
Intravesical refers to anything within the bladder
ĭn-tră-VĔS-ĭ-kăl
Ketonuria happens when you have high levels of ketones in your urine
kē-tōn-Ū-rē-ă
Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by raised levels of ketone bodies in the body tissues
kē-TŌ-sĭs
Kidneys are pairs of organs in the abdominal cavity
KĬD-nē
Lithotripsy is a treatment, typically using ultrasound shock waves, by which a kidney stone or other calculus is broken into small particles that can be passed out by the body
LĬTH-ō-trĭp-sē
Meatal Stenosis refers to an abnormal narrowing of the urethral opening
mē-Ā-tăl stĕ-NŌ-sĭs
Meatus is a passage or opening leading to the interior of the body
mē-Ā-tŭs
Medulla refers to the inner region of an organ or tissue
mĕ-DŪL-ă or mĕ-DŬL-ă
Medullary refers to anything relating to the inner region of an organ, tissue, or structure
MĔD-ū-lăr-ē
MRI urography is a radiation-free exam that uses magnetic waves to create detailed pictures of the kidneys, ureters and bladder
MRI ū-RŎG-ră-fē
Nephrolithiasis is another word for kidney stones
nĕf-rō-lĭ-THĪ-ă-sĭs
Nephrolithotomy is a surgery to remove kidney stones that are too large to pass on their own
nĕf-rō-lĭ-THŎT-ō-mē
Nephron refers to each of the functional units in the kidney
NĔF-rŏn
Nephropathy refers to the deterioration of kidney function
nĕ-FRŎ-pă-thē
Nephroptosis is a condition where a kidney within the body is lower than another kidney in the body
nĕf-rŏp-TŌ-sĭs
Nephrostomy is a tube that lets urine drain from the kidney through an opening in the skin on the back
nĕ-FRŎS-tō-mē
Nephrotic Syndrome is a group of symptoms that show that your kidneys are not working as well as they should
nĕ-FRŎT-ĭk SĬN-drōm
Nitrogenous Waste are the waste products generated as the end products of protein metabolism
nĭ-TRŎJ-ĕ-nŭs wāst
Nocturia is a term where a person has the need to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate
nŏk-TŪ-rē-ă
Oliguria refers to the production of abnormally small amounts of urine
ŏl-ĭ-GŪ-rē-ă
Parenchyma refers to the functional tissue of an organ
păr-ĔN-kĭ-mă
Paranephric refers to anything adjacent to the kidney
pă-ră-NĔF-rĭk
Peritoneal Dialysis refers to a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body
pĕr-ĭ-tō-NĒ-ăl dī-ĂL-ĭ-sĭs
Phenylketonuria is a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body
fē-nĭl-kē-tōn-ŪR-ē-ă
Polycystic Kidney Disease is an inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys
pŏl-ē-SĬS-tĭk KĬD-nē dĭ-ZĒZ
Polydipsia refers to an abnormally great thirst as a symptom of disease
pŏl-ē-DĬP-sē-ā
Polyuria refers to the production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine
pŏl-ē-Ū-rē-ă
Potassium is a metal on the periodic table, often found in potatoes
pō-TĂ-sē-ŭm
Pyelolithotomy is a surgical procedure used in cases involving a stone in the renal pelvis
pī-ĕ-lō-lĭ-THŎT-ō-mē
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys
pī-ĕ-lō-nĕf-RĪ-tĭs
Pyuria refers to the presence of pus in the urine
pī-Ū-rē-ă
Reabsorption refers to the process of absorbing something again
rē-ăb-SŎRP-shŭn
Renal Angiography is an imaging test to look at the blood vessels in your kidneys
RĒ-năl ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
Renal Angioplasty is a procedure that uses a small balloon to widen the passage through your renal artery
RĒ-năl ĂN-jē-ō-plăs-tē
Renal Arteries are large blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to your kidneys
RĒ-năl ĂR-tĕ-rē
Renal Calculi is another word for kidney stones
RĒ-năl KĂL-kū-lī
Renal Cell Carcinoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in tubules of the kidney
RĒ-năl sĕl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Renal Colic refers to a sudden, acute pain in the kidney area caused by the obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the bladder
RĒ-năl KŎL-ĭk
Renal Failure is a condition where the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids
RĒ-năl FĀL-ūr
Renal Hypertension happens when the blood flow to the kidneys is compromised
RĒ-năl hī-pĕr-TĔN-shŭn
Renal Ischemia refers to the deficiency of blood in one or both kidneys or nephrons
RĒ-năl ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă
Renal Pelvis is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney
RĒ-năl PĔL-vĭs
Renal Transplantation is a surgery done to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor
RĒ-năl trăns-plăn-TĀ-shŭn
Renal Tubule refers to a tubule that collects the products that are filtered out of the blood
RĒ-năl Too-būl
Renal Veins are blood vessels that return blood to the heart from the kidney
RĒ-năl vān
Renin is an enzyme secreted by and stored in the kidneys which promotes the production of the protein angiotensin
RĒ-nĭn
A Retrograde Pyelogram is an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at your bladder, ureters, and kidneys
RĔ-trō-grād PĪ-ĕ-lō-grăm
Secondary Hypertension refers to high blood pressure caused by another condition or disease
SĔ-kŏn-dă-rē hī-pĕr-TĔN-shŭn
Sodium is a silver white metal, often used in foods
SŌ-dē-ŭm
Stricture refers to a restriction on a person or activity
STRĬK-shŭr
Trigone refers to a triangular region or tissue,
TRĪ-gōn
Trigonitis is a pathological process of the bladder trigone characterized by nonkeratinizing squamous metaplasia
trī-gō-NĪ-tĭs
Urea is a colorless crystalline compound which is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine
ū-RĒ-ă
Uremia refers to a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys
ū-RĒ-mē-ă
Ureter refers to the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca
ū-RĒ-tĕr or ŪR-ĕ-tĕr
Ureteroileostomy refers to a method of urinary diversion consisting of transplating the ureters into a short isolated loop of small bowel
ū-rē-tĕr-ō-ĭl-ē-ŎS-tō-mē
Ureteroneocystostomy refers to reimplantation of the ureter into the bladder
ū-rē-tĕr-ō-nē-ō-sĭs-TŎS-tō-mē
Ureteroplasty refers to a surgery made to remove a stricture in the ureter
ū-rē-tĕr-ō-PLĂS-tē
Urethra is the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder
ū-RĒ-thră
Urethral Stricture involves scarring that narrows the tube that carries urine out of your body
ū-RĒ-thrăl STRĬK-shŭr
Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra
ū-rē-THRĪ-tĭs
Urethroplasty refers to the fixing of scar tissue in the urine channel from the bladder out the penis
ū-rē-thrō-PLĂS-tē
Uric Acid is a liquid found throughout the body, if there is too much of it, it turns solid and can lead to intense pains
Ū-rĭk ĂS-ĭd
Urinalysis is a test that checks several components of a urine sample
ū-rĭn-ĂL-ĭ-sĭs
The Urinary Bladder is a hollow, stretchy organ in the lower part of your abdomen that stores urine before it leaves your body through your urethra.
ŪR-ĭ-năr-ē BLĂ-dĕr
Urinary Catheterization is a procedure used to drain the bladder and collect urine, through a flexible tube called a catheter
ŪR-ĭ-năr-ē kă-thĕ-tĕr-ĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Urinary Incontinence means a person leaks urine by accident
ŪR-ĭ-năr-ē ĭn-KŎN-tĭ-nĕns
Urinary Retention is a condition in which you cannot empty all the urine from your bladder
ŪR-ĭ-năr-ē rē-TĔN-shŭn
Urination refers to the process of removing waste/urine from the body
ūr-ĭ-NĀ-shŭn
Vesicoureteral Reflux is when urine moves backward from the bladder to the kidney
vĕs-ĭ-kō-ū-RĒ-tĕr-ăl RĒ-flŭks
Voiding refers to a discharge or drain away from the body
VOY-dĭng
Voiding Cystourethrogram is an exam that takes images of the urinary system
VOY-dĭng sĭs-tō-ū-RĒ-thrō-grăm
Wilms Tumor refers to a malignant (cancerous) tumor originating in the cells of the kidney
Wĭlmz TŌŌ-mŭr
Chapter 8 - Pronunciation of Terms
Adnexa Uteri refers to the appendages of the uterus
ăd-NĔK-să Ū-tĕ-rī
Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstrual periods
āmĕn-ō-RĒ-ă
Amniocentesis refers to the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus
ăm-nē-ō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Amnion refers to the innermost membrane that can be found around the embryo of an organism
ĂM-nē-ŏn
Amniotic Fluid refers to the fluid surrounding a fetus within the amnion
ăm-nē-ŎT-ĭk FLOO-ĭd
Anovulatory is where ovulation does not occur
ăn-ŎV-ū-lă-tōr-ē
Areola refers to the small circular area surrounding the nipple
ă-RĒ-ō-lă
Bartholin Glands are a pair of 0.5 cm glands located in the lower right and left portions at the 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions of the vaginal introitus
BĂR-thō-lĭn glăndz
Bartholinitis refers to inflammation of one or both of the two Bartholin's glands
băr-thō-lĭ-NĪ-tĭs
Cephalic Version (ECV) is a procedure that tries to turn your baby from a breech position to a head-down position for easier birth
sē-FĂL-lĭk VĔR-shŭn
Cervix refers to the neck
SĔR-vĭkz
Chorion refers to the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal
KŎ-rē-ŏn
Chorionic refers to anything of, relating to, or being part of the chorion
kŏ-rē-ŎN-ĭk
Clitoris is the sensitive area located on the top of your vulva
KLĬ-tō-rĭs
Coitus is another word for sexual intercourse
KŌ-ĭ-tŭs
Colposcopy is a procedure to closely examine your cervix, vagina and vulva for signs of disease
kŏl-PŎS-kō-pē
Corpus Luteum is a completely normal cyst that forms on the ovary every single month in women of childbearing age
KŎR-pŭs LOO-tē-ŭm
Cul-de-sac refers to a vessel, tube, or sac
KŬL-dē-săk
Culdocentesis is a procedure that checks for abnormal fluid in the space just behind the vagina
kŭl-dō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstruation
dĭs-mĕn-ō-RĒ-ă
Dyspareunia refers to difficult or painful sexual intercourse
dĭs-pă-ROO-nē-ă
Dystocia is another word for difficult birth
dĭs-TŌ-sē-ă
Embryo refers to an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development, in particular a human offspring during the period from approximately the second to the eighth week after fertilization
ĔM-brē-ō
Endocervicitis refers to inflammation of the cervix
ĕn-dō-sĕr-vĭs-SĪ-tĭs
Endometritis refers to inflammation of the uterine lining
ĕn-dō-mĕ-TRĪ-tis
Endometrium refers to the mucous membrane lining the uterus
ĕn-dō-MĒ-trē-ŭm
Episiotomy is a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth
ĕ-pĭs-ē-ŎT-ō-mē
Estrogen refers to a group of steroid hormones which promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body
ĔS-trō-jĕn
Fallopian Tube refers to a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus
fă-LŌ-pē-ăn tūb
Fertilization is the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
fĕr-tĭl-ĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Fetal Presentation refers to the part of the baby that is overlying the maternal pelvis
FĒ-tăl prĕ-sĕn-TĀ-shŭn
Fetus is an offspring of a human or other mammal in the stages of prenatal development that follow the embryo stage
FĒ-tŭs
Fimbriae are finger-like projections on the ends of your fallopian tubes closest to your ovaries
FĬM-brē-ē
Follicle-stimulating Hormone is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus
FŎL-lĭ-kl STĬM-ū-lā-tĭngHŌR-mōn
Galactorrhea refers to milk production from the breast unrelated to pregnancy or lactation
gă-lăk-tō-RĒ-ă
Gamete is a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
GĂM-ēt
Genitalia refers to the genitals
jĕn-ĭ-TĀ-lē-ă
Gestation is the process or period of developing inside the womb between conception and birth
jĕs-TĀ-shŭn
Gonad refers to an organ that produces gametes
GŌ-năd
Gynecology is the study of physiology and medicine which deals with the functions and diseases specific to women and girls
gī-nĕ-KŎL-ō-jē
Gynecomastia refers to the enlargement of a man's breasts, usually due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy
gī-nĕ-kō-MĂS-tē-ă
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is a hormone produced primarily by syncytiotrophoblastic cells of the placenta during pregnancy
HŪ-măn kō-rē-ŎN-ĭk gōnă-dō-TRŌ-pĭn
Hymen refers to a membrane which partially closes the opening of the vagina and whose presence is traditionally taken to be a mark of virginity
HĪ-mĕn
Hysterectomy is a surgical operation to remove all or part of the uterus
hĭs-tĕr-ĔK-tō-mē
Hysteroscopy is a procedure used to examine the inside of the womb
hĭs-tĕr-ŎS-kō-pē
Inframammary refers to anything situated or occurring below the mammary gland
ĭn-fră-MĂM-ăr-ē
Intrauterine Devices are small contraceptive devices that are inserted into the uterus (womb) to prevent pregnancy
ĭn-tră-Ū-tĕ-rĭn dĕ-VĪS
Involution refers to the shrinkage of an organ in old age or when inactive
ĭn-vō-LOO-shŭn
Labia refers to the inner and outer folds of the vulva, at either side of the vagina
LĀ-bē-ă
Lactation refers to the secretion of milk by the mammary glands
lăk-TĀ-shŭn
Lactiferous Ducts is a duct that collects the milk from the lobules within each lobe and carries it to the nipple
lăk-TĬ-fĕ-rŭs dŭkts
Leukorrhea refers to the natural secretions that are released from a woman's vagina
loo-kō-RĒ-ă
Luteinizing Hormone is a ormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in females and the synthesis of androgen in males
LOO-tē-nī-zĭng HŎR-mōn
Mammary Papilla refers to the small projection near the center of the mammary gland containing the outlets of the milk ducts
MĂM-ăr-ē pă-PĬL-ă
Mammoplasty refers to a group of surgical procedures which reshape or modify the appearance of the breast
MĂM-ō-plăs-tē
Mastectomy is a surgical operation to remove a breast
măs-TĔK-tō-mē
Mastitis refers to inflammation in the breast
măs-TĪ-tĭs
Menarche is the first occurrence of menstruation
mĕ-NĂR-kē
Menometrorrhagia refers to abnormal uterine bleeding
mĕn-ō-mĕt-rō-RĀ-jă
Menopause is a point in time 12 months after a woman's last period
MĔN-ō-păwz
Menorrhea refers to the flow of blood at menstruation
mĕn-ō-RĒ-ă
Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy bleeding at menstruation
mĕn-ō-RĀ-jă
Menstruation is the process in a woman of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause
mĕn-strū-Ā-shŭn
Metrorrhagia refers to abnormal bleeding from the uterus
mĕ-trō-RĀ-jă
Multigravida refers to a woman who is or has been pregnant for at least a second time
mŭl-tĭ-GRĂV-ĭ-dă
Multipara is a woman who has had more than one pregnancy resulting in viable offspring
mŭl-TĬP-ă-ră
Myomectomy is an operation to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus
mī-ō-MĔK-tō-mē
Myometrium refers to the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus
mī-ō-MĒ-trē-ŭm
Neonatal refers to anything relating to newborn children
nē-ō-NĀ-tăl
Neonatology is the study of treatment and care for newborns
nē-ō-nā-TŎL-ō-jē
Nulligravida refers to a woman who has never been pregnant
nŭl-lē-GRĂ-vĭ-dă
Nullipara refers to a woman who has never given birth
nŭl-LĬP-ă-ră
Obstetrics is the study of childbirth and woman giving birth
ŏb-STĔT-rĭks
Oligomenorrhea is defined as irregular and inconsistent menstrual blood flow in a woman
ŏl-ĭ-gō-mĕn-ō-RĒ-ă
Oocyte is a cell in an ovary which may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum
ō-ō-SĪT
Oogenesis refers to the production or development of an ovum
ō-ō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
Oophorectomy is a surgical removal of one or both ovaries
oo-fō-RĔK-tō-mē or ō-ŏf-ō-RĔK-tō-mē
Oophoritis refers to inflammation of an ovary
ō-ŏf-ōr-Ī-tĭs
Orifice refers to an opening in the body such as a nostril or the anus
ŎR-ĭ-fĭs
Ovarian refers to anything relating to an ovary or the ovaries
ō-VĀ-rē-ăn
Ovarian Follicle is a fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains an egg that has not yet matured for sperm fertilization
ō-VĀ-rē-ăn FŎL-lĭ-kl
Ovary is a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced
Ō-vă-rē
Ovulation is the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary
ŏv-ū-LĀ-shŭn
ovum; ova is a mature female reproductive cell
Ō-vŭm; Ō-vă
Oxytocia is another word for quick childbirth
ŏks-ē-TŌ-sē-ă
Oxytocin is a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts
ŏks-ē-TŌ-sĭn
Parturition refers to the action of giving birth
păr-tū-RĬSH-ŭn
Perineorrhaphy is a female cosmetic genital surgery that works on the perineal muscles and tightens the vagina
pĕ-rĭ-nē-ŎR-ră-fē
Perineum is the area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva
pĕ-rĭ-NĒ-ŭm
Pituitary Gland is a major endocrine gland that is important in the functioning and development of other glands
pĭ-TOO-ĭ-tăr-ē glănd
Placenta is a flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian mammals
plă-SĔN-tă
Pregnancy is the condition or period of when someone has a baby
PRĔG-năn-sē
Prenatal is another word for before birth
prē-NĀ-tăl
Primigravida is a woman who is pregnant for the first time
prī-mĭ-GRĂV-ĭ-dă
Primipara is a woman who is giving birth for the first time
prī-MĬP-ă-ră
Primiparous is a condition or state in which a woman is bearing a child for the first time and/or has given birth to an offspring at one time
prī-MĬP-ă-rŭs
Progesterone is a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy
prō-JĔS-tĕ-rōn
Pseudocyesis means false pregnancy
sū-dō-sī-Ē-sĭs
Puberty is the period where kids reach sexual maturity
PŪ-bĕr-tē
Pyosalpinx is the acute inflammation of the Fallopian tube fills up and swells with pus
pī-ō-SĂL-pĭnks
Retroversion refers to the condition of being tilted abnormally backward
rĕ-trō-VĔR-zhŭn
Salpingectomy refers to the surgical removal of the fallopian tubes
săl-pĭn-JĔK-tō-mē
Salpingitis refers to inflammation of the fallopian tubes
săl-pĭn-JĪ-tĭs
Uterine Prolapse occurs when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken until they no longer provide enough support for the uterus
Ū-tĕr-ĭn PRŌ-lăps
Uterine Serosa is the layer of tissue coating the outside of the uterus
Ū-tĕr-ĭn sē-RŌ-să
Uterus is the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth…aka the womb
Ū-tĕr-ŭs
Vagina is the muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women and most female mammals
vă-JĪ-nă
Vaginal Orifice is another word for vagina opening
VĂ-jĭ-năl ŎR-ĭ-fĭs
Vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vagina
vă-jĭ-NĪ-tĭs
Vulva refers to the female external genitals
VŬL-vă
Vulvodynia refers to a type of long-term pain or discomfort around the outer part of the female genitals, called the vulva
vŭl-vō-DĬ-nē-ă
Vulvovaginitis refers to inflammation or irritation of the vagina and vulva
vŭl-vō-vă-jĭ-NĪ-tĭs
Zygote is a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes
ZĪ-gōt
PART TWO
Term
Pronunciation
Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy
ă-BŎR-shŭn
Abruptio Placentae is a serious condition in which the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus before birth
ă-BRŬP-shē-ō plă-SĔN-tā
Apgar Score describes the condition of the newborn infant immediately after birth
ĂP-găr skōr
Aspiration means to draw in or out using a sucking motion
ăs-pĭ-RĀ-shŭn
Carcinoma In Situ refers to a group of abnormal cells that have not spread from the location where they first formed
kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă ĭn SĪ-tū
Carcinoma of the Breast refers to breast cancer
kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă of the brĕst
Carcinoma of the Cervix refers to cervix cancer
kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă of the SĔR-vĭks
Carcinoma of the Endometrium is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the endometrium
kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă of the ĕn-dō-MĒ-trē-ŭm
Cauterization is a procedure where you burn the skin or flesh of (a wound) with a heated instrument or caustic substance
kaw-tĕr-ĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Cervical Dysplasia is when there are abnormal, or precancerous, cells in and around a woman's cervix
SĔR-vĭ-kăl dĭs-PLĀ-zē-ă
Cervicitis refers to an irritation or infection of the cervix
sĕr-vĭ-SĪ-tĭs
Cesarean Section is the surgical delivery of a baby through a cut (incision) made in the mother's abdomen and uterus
sē-ZĀ-rē-ăn SĔK-shŭn
Chorionic Villus Sampling is a form of prenatal diagnosis done to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus
kō-rē-ŎN-ik VĬL-us SĂMP-lĭng
Colposcopy is a procedure to closely examine your cervix, vagina and vulva for signs of disease
kōl-PŎS-kō-pē
Conization is when surgeons remove a cone-shaped wedge of abnormal tissue from your cervix
kō-nĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Cryocauterization involves freezing the cervix (neck of the womb) with a metal probe for 1 to 2 minutes
krī-ō-kaw-tĕr-ĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Culdocentesis is a procedure that checks for abnormal fluid in the space just behind the vagina
kŭl-dō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Dermoid Cysts are a small, noncancerous lump in the skin, often near the eye, present at birth
DĔR-moyd sĭsts
Dilatation is the process of enlargement, stretching, or expansion
dĭ-lă-TĀ-shŭn
Dilation and Curettage is a procedure to remove tissue from inside your uterus
dī-LĀ-shŭn and kŭr-ĕ-TĂZH
Down Syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21
Dŏwn SĬN-drŌm
Ectopic Pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg grows outside of the uterus
ĕk-TŎP-ĭk PRĔG-năn-sē
Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uteru
ĕn-dō-mē-trē-Ō-sĭs
Erythroblastosis Fetalis refers to hemolytic anemia in the fetus caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells
ĕ-rĭth-rō-blăs-TŌ-sĭs fē-TĂ-lĭs
Exenteration refers to a complete surgical removal of the contents of a bodily cavity
ĕks-ĕn-tĕ-RĀ-shŭn
Fetal Monitoring is a test that monitors a fetus’s heart rate
FĒ-tăl MŎN-ĭ-tŏ-rĭng
Fibrocystic Breast Disease are noncancerous changes that give a breast a lumpy or ropelike texture
fī-brō-SĬS-tĭk brĕst dĭ-ZĒZ
Fibroids are muscular tumors that grow in the wall of the uterus
FĪ-broydz hyaline
Membrane Disease is a breathing disorder in newborns caused by immature lungs
HĪ-ă-lĭn MĔM-brān dĭ-ZĒZ
Hydrocephalus is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain
hī-drō-SĔF-ă-lŭs
Hysterosalpingography is an X-ray procedure that is used to view the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes
hĭs-tĕr-ō-săl-pĭng-ŎG-ră-fē
In Vitro Fertilization is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) where sperm and an egg are fertilized outside of the human body
ĭn VĒ-trō fĕr-tĭl-ĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a fiber-optic instrument is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen or to permit a surgical procedure
lă-pă-RŎS-kō-pē
Leiomyomas are a group of benign smooth muscle tumors commonly present in premenopausal women
lī-ō-mī-Ō-măz
Mammography is a technique using X-rays to diagnose and locate tumors of the breasts
măm-MŎG-ră-fē
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome happens when a newborn has trouble breathing because meconium got into the lungs
mĕ-KŌ-nē-ŭm ăs-pĭ-RĀ-shŭn SĬN-drōm
Multiple Gestation refers to pregnancy with more than one baby at a time
MŬL-tĭ-pl jĕs-TĀ-shŭn
Ovarian Carcinoma refers to cancer in the ovaries
ō-VĀR-ē-an kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Ovarian Cysts are sacs, usually filled with fluid, in an ovary or on its surface
ō-VĀR-ē-an sĭsts
Palpation is a method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination
păl-PĀ-shŭn
Pap test is a procedure to test for cervical cancer in women
păp tĕst
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an infection of a woman's reproductive organs
PĔL-vĭk ĭn-FLĂM-mă-tō-rē dĭ-ZĒZ
Pelvic Ultrasonography is a noninvasive diagnostic exam that produces images that are used to assess organs and structures within the female pelvis
PĔL-vĭk ŭl-tră-sŏn-ŎG-ră-fē
Placenta Previa is a condition in which the placenta lies very low in the uterus and covers all or part of the opening to the cervical opening that sits at the top of the vagina
plă-SĔN-tă PRĒ-vē-ă
Preeclampsia is a serious blood pressure condition that develops during pregnancy
prē-ē-KLĂMP-sē-ă
Pregnancy Test is a test taken to see if pregnant
PRĔG-năn-sē tĕst
Pyloric Stenosis refers to a narrowing of the pylorus, the opening from the stomach, into the small intestine
pī-LŎR-ĭk stĕ-NŌ-sĭs
Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a breathing disorder in newborns caused by immature lungs
RĔS-pĭr-ă-tō-rē dĭs-STRĔS SĬN-drōm
Tubal Ligation is a medical sterilization procedure for women who are sure they don't want a future pregnancy
TOO-băl lī-GĀ-shŭn
Chapter 9 - Pronunciation of Terms
Androgen refers to a male sex hormone
ĂN-drō-jĕn
Aspermia is when there is a failure to produce semen
ā-SPĔR-mē-ă
Azoospermia means there is an absence of movable sperm in the semen
ā-zō-ō-SPĔR-mē-ă
Balanitis refers to inflammation of the glans penis (a.k.a. the head of the penis)
băl-ă-NĪ-tĭs
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous
bē-NĪN prŏs-TĂT-ĭk hī-pĕr-PLĀ-zē-ă
Bulbourethral Glands are a pair of pea shaped exocrine glands located posterolateral to the membranous urethra
bŭl-bō-ū-RĒ-thrăl glăndz
Carcinoma of the Prostate is another word for prostate cancer
kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă of the PRŎS-tāt
Carcinoma of the Testes is another word for testicular cancer
kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă of the TĔS-tēz
Castration refers to the removal of the testicles of a male animal or man
kăs-TRĀ-shŭn
Chancre refers to a painless ulcer
SHĂNG-kĕr
Chlamydial Infection is a common std infection
klă-MĬD-ē-ăl ĭn-FEK-shŭn
Circumcision is when doctors perform a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin off the penis
sĭr-kŭm-SĬZH-ŭn
Cryogenic Surgery is a treatment that uses extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen or argon gas to destroy cancer cells and abnormal tissue
krī-ō-GĔN-ĭk SŬR-jĕr-ē
Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum
krĭp-TŎR-kĭdĭzm
Digital Rectal Exam is a test that examines a person's lower rectum, pelvis, and lower belly
DĬJ-ĕ-tăl RĔK-tăl ĕk-ZĂM
Ejaculation is the action of releasing semen from the body
ē-jăk-ū-LĀ-shŭn
Ejaculatory Duct are ducts that transport spermatozoa and fluids from the ampulla and seminal vesicles to the prostatic urethra
ē-JĂK-ū-lă-tōr-ē dŭkt
Embryonal Carcinoma is a germ cell tumor characterized by primitive epithelial cells with marked pleomorphism and various histologic patterns
ĕm-brē-ŌN-ăl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Epididymis is a highly convoluted duct behind the testis
ĕp-ĭ-DĬD-ĭ-mĭs
Epididymitis refers to inflammation within the epididymis
ĕp-ĭ-dĭd-ĭ-MĪ-tĭs
Erectile Dysfunction is when someone can’t get an erection or excited
ē-RĔK-tīl dĭs-FŬNK-shŭn
Flagellum is a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim
flă-JĔL-ŭm
Fraternal Twins refers to a pair of twins who, as a result of developing from separate fertilized ova, are genetically distinct and not necessarily of the same sex or more similar in appearance than other siblings
fră-TĔR-năl twĭnz
Glans Penis refers to the tip of the penis…mushroom if circumcised, long phallic…if not
glănz PĒ-nĭs
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium
gŏn-ō-RĒ-ă
Herpes Genitalis is a common sexually transmitted infection marked by genital pain and sores.
HĔR-pēz jĕn-ĭ-TĂL-ĭs
Human Papillomavirus is an infection that causes warts in various parts of the body
HŪ-măn păp-ĭ-LŌ-mă VĪ-rŭs
Hydrocele is a type of swelling in the scrotum
HĪ-drō-sēl
Hypospadias is a birth defect in boys in which the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of the penis
hī-pō-SPĀ-dē-ăs
Identical Twins refers to offspring that is similar in appearance due to the female egg cell splitting in two
ī-DĔN-tĭ-kăl twĭnz
Impotence refers to the inability in a man to achieve an erection or orgasm
ĬM-pō-tĕns
Interstitial Cells of the Testes are known to synthesize and secrete androgens
ĭn-tĕr-STĬ-shŭl sĕlz of the TĔS-tĭs
Ligation is the surgical procedure of closing off a blood vessel or other duct or tube in the body by means of a ligature or clip
lī-GĀ-shŭn
Oligospermia means one has a low sperm count
ŏl-ĭ-gō-SPĔR-mē-ă
Orchiectomy refers to the surgical removal of the testes
ŏr-kē-ĔK-tō-mē
Orchiopexy refers to a surgical procedure used to treat an undescended testicle
ŏr-kē-ō-PĔK-sē
Orchitis refers to the inflammation of the testicle
ŏr-KĪ-tĭs
Parenchymal Tissue refers to the functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue
pă-RĔNG-kĭ-măl TĬS-ū
Penile refers to anything that is relating to or affecting the penis
PĒ-nīl
Penis refers to the phallic male genital organ between the knees near the pelvis
PĒ-nīs
Penoscrotal refers to anything of or relating to the penis and scrotum
pē-nō-SKRŌ-tăl
Perineum is the area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva
pĕr-ĭ-NĒ-ŭm
Phimosis refers to a condition of the male foreskin where the skin is tight and unable to retract back behind the head of the penis
fi-MŌ-sĭs
Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate is a form of laser therapy used to remove all or part of the prostate gland
fō-tō-sĕ-LĔK-tĭv vā-pŏr-ĭ-ZĀ-shŭn of the PRŎS-tāt
Prepuce is another word for foreskin
PRĒ-pŭs
Prostatectomy is a surgical operation to remove all or part of the prostate gland
prŏs-tă-TĔK-tō-mē
Prostate Gland is a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid
PRŎS-tāt glănd
Prostatitis is a frequently painful condition that involves inflammation of the prostate and sometimes the areas around the prostate
prŏs-tă-TĪ-tĭs
Purulent refers to a consisting of, containing, or discharging of pus
PŪR-ū-lĕnt
The Scrotum is a pouch of skin containing the testicles
SKRŌ-tŭm
Semen is the male reproductive fluid that comes out through the penis
SĒ-mĕn
A semen analysis measures the quantity and quality of a person's semen and sperm
SĒ-mĕn ă-NĂL-ĭ-sĭs
Seminal Vesicles are glands that produce the fluids that will turn into semen
SĔM-ĭn-ăl VĔS-ĭ-klz
Seminiferous Tubules function to produce sperm, maintain sperm, and store the sperm
sĕ-mĭ-NĬF-ĕr-ŭs TOOB-ūlz
Seminoma is a malignant germ cell tumor that involves most commonly the testicle or less frequently the mediastinum, the retroperitoneum, or other extra-gonadal sites
sĕ-mĭ-NŌ-mă
Spermatogenesis refers to the production or development of mature spermatozoa.
spĕr-mă-tō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs
Spermatozoa are the male sex cells that carry a man's genetic material
spĕr-mă-tō-ZŌ-ă
Spermatozoon refers to the mature motile male sex cell of an animal
spĕr-mă-tō-ZŌ-ĕn
Spermolytic means sperm destruction
spĕr-mō-LĬT-ĭk
Sterilization is the process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms
stĕr-ĭ-lĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Stromal Tissue refers to a highly heterogeneous class of connective tissue cells that build the infrastructure of any organ and fulfill a variety of fundamental roles in health and disease
STRŌ-măl TĬS-ū
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that has stages of pain
SĬF-ĭ-lĭs
Teratoma is a tumor composed of tissues not normally present at the site
tĕr-ă-TŌ-mă
Testicular refers to anything relating to or affecting the testicles
tĕs-TĬK-ū-lăr
Testicular Torsion occurs when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum
tĕs-TĬK-ū-lăr TŎR-shŭn
Testis is an organ which produces spermatozoa
TĔS-tĭs
Testosterone is the male hormone that is produced in the testes so dude gets horny 🙂
tĕs-TŎS-tĕ-rōn
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate is a surgery to remove the inside part of the prostate gland
trănz-ū-RĒ-trăl rē-SĔK-shun of the PRŎS-tāt
Varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds the testicles
VĀR-ĭ-kō-sēl
Vas Deferens is the duct which conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra
văs DĔF-ĕr-ĕnz
Vasectomy refers to the surgical cutting and sealing of part of each vas deferens
vă-SĔK-tō-mē
Vasovasostomy is a procedure that can help you father children again or for the first time
vă-zō-vă-ZŎS-tō-m
Chapter 10 - Pronunciation of Terms
Acetylcholine is a compound which occurs throughout the nervous system that functions as a neurotransmitter
ăs-ĕ-tĭl-KŌ-lēn
Afferent Nerve refers to the messenger neurons that bring the information from different parts of the body to the central nervous system
ĂF-fĕr-ĕnt nĕrv
Akinetic refers to the inability to perform a clinically perceivable movement
ă-kĭ-NĔT-ĭk
Analgesia refers to the inability to feel pain
ăn-ăl-JĒ-zē-ă
Anencephaly is a serious birth defect where a baby is born without parts of the brain and the skull
ăn-ĕn-SĔF-ă-lē
Anesthesia is a gas or injection used before surgical operations to reduce the sensitivity of an area on our body. For example, dentists/hygienists use it before removing cavities
ăn-ĕs-THĒ-zē-ă
Aphasia refers to the loss of ability to understand or express speech usually caused by brain damage.
ă-FĀ-zē-ă
Apraxia refers to the inability to perform day to day things
Ā-PRĂK-sē-ă
Arachnoid Membrane refers to the middle of the three membranes or meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord
ă-RĂK-noyd MĔM-brān
Astrocyte is a star shaped glial cell found within the central nervous system
ĂS-trō-sīt
Ataxia refers to the loss of full control over movement of the body
ă-TĂK-sē-ă
The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes
ăw-tō-NŌM-ĭk NĔR-vŭs SĬS-tĕm
Axon refers to the long threadlike part of a nerve cell
ĂK-sŏn
Blood-brain Barrier refers to a filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood to the brain and spinal cord tissue
Blŭd-brān BĂ-rē-ĕr
Bradykinesia refers to slowed movement, bodies joints move slower
brĀ-dē-kĭ-NĒ-zē-ă
Brainstem refers to the central trunk of the mammalian brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain, and continuing downward to form the spinal cord
BRĀN-stĕm
Cauda Equina is the continuation of these nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region
KĂW-dă ĕ-KWĪ-nă
Causalgia refers to a severe burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve
kăw-ZĂL-jă
The cell body is the core section of the neuron
sĕl BŎD-ē
Cephalgia is another word for a headache
sĕ-FĂL-jă
Cerebellar refers to anything relating to the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates
sĕr-ĕ-BĔL-ăr
Cerebellopontine is a triangular space in the posterior cranial fossa that is bounded by the tentorium superiorly
sĕr-ĕ-bĕl-ō-PŎN-tēn
Cerebellum is the part of the brain at the back of the skull
sĕr-ĕ-BĔL-ŭm
Cerebral Cortex refers to the outer layer of the cerebrum
sĕ-RĒ-brăl (or SĔR-ĕ-brăl) KŎR-tĕks
Cerebrospinal Fluid refers to clear watery fluid which fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater
sĕ-rē-brō-SPĪ-năl FLOO-ĭd
Cerebrum refers to the principal and most anterior part of the brain
sĕ-RĒ-brŭm
Coma refers to a state of deep unconsciousness that lasts for a prolonged or indefinite period
KŌ-mă
Comatose refers to a state of deep unconsciousness for a prolonged or indefinite period, especially as a result of severe injury or illness
KŌ-mă-tōs
Cranial Nerves refers to the nerves within the brain which help with movement
KRĀ-nē-ăl nĕrvz
Dendrite refers to a short branched extension of a nerve cell
DĔN-drīt
Dura Mater refers to the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord
DŬR-ă MĂ-tĕr
Dyskinesia refers to abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement
dĭs-kĭ-NĒ-zē-ă
Dyslexia is a condition of neurodevelopmental origin that mainly affects the ease with which a person reads, writes, and spells, typically recognized as a specific learning disorder in children
dĭs-LĔK-sē-ă
Efferent Nerves are nerves that carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system
ĔF-fĕr-ĕnt nĕrvz
Encephalitis refers to inflammation within the brain
ĕn-sĕf-ă-LĪ-tĭs
Encephalopathy describes any disease that affects the whole brain and alters its structure or how it works, and causes changes in mental function.
ĕn-sĕf-ă-LŎP-ă-thē
Ependymal Cells are neuroepithelial multiciliated cells lining the spinal cord and cerebral ventricles
ĕp-ĔN-dĭ-măl sĕl
Epidural Hematoma occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura mater, the thick membrane covering the brain
ĕp-ĕ-DŪ-răl hē-mă-TŌ-mă
Ganglion refers to a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies
GĂNG-lē-ŏn
Glial Cells are a type of cell that provides physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment
GLĒ-ăl sĕl
Glioblastoma refers to a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor
glē-ō-blă-STŌ-mă
Gyrus; Gyri refers to a ridge or fold between two clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain
JĪ-rŭs; JĪ-rē
Hemiparesis refers to weakness of one side of the body
hĕm-ē-pă-RĒ-sĭs
Hemiplegia refers to paralysis of one side of the body
hĕm-ē-PLĒ-jă
Hypalgesia refers to a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli
hīp-ăl-GĒ-zē-ă
Hyperesthesia is a neurological condition that causes a person extreme sensitivity to touch, pain, pressure, and thermal sensations
hī-pĕr-ĕs-THĒ-zē-ă
Hyperkinesis refers to extreme or excessive activity of a part of the body, especially the muscles.
hī-pĕr-kĭ-NĒ-sĭs
Hypothalamus is a region of the forebrain below the thalamus which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary
hī-pō-THĂL-ă-mŭs
Intrathecal is the area between the spinal cord and the thin, strong membranes that surround and protect it.
ĭn-tră-THĒ-kăl
Leptomeningeal means cancer cells have spread to the thin tissue layers covering the brain and spinal cord
lĕp-tō-mĕn-ĭn-JĒ-ăl
Medulla Oblongata refers to the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull
mĕ-DŪL-ă (or mĕ-DŬL-ă) ŏb-lŏn-GĂ-tă
Meningeal is a durable, dense fibrous membrane that passes through the foramen magnum
mĕ-NĬN-jē-ăl or mĕ-nĭn-JĒ-ăl
Meninges refers to the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord
mĕ-NĬN-jēz
Meningioma is a primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor.
mĕ-nĭn-jē-Ō-mă
Microglial Cells are resident cells of the brain that regulate brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks, and injury repair
mī-krō-GLĒ-ăl sĕl
Motor Nerves are the nerves responsible for all voluntary skeletal and somatic movement such as moving the leg or arm
MŌ-tĕr nĕrv
Myelin Sheath is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord
MĪ-ĕ-lĭn shēth
Myelomeningocele happens when a baby's backbone (spine) does not form normally during pregnancy
mī-ĕ-lō-mĕ-NĬN-gō-sēl
Myelopathy is the result of compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots caused by inflammation, arthritis, bone spurs and spinal degeneration due to aging
mī-ĕ-LŌP-ă-thē
Myoneural refers to anything relating to or connecting muscles and nerves.
mī-ō-NŬR-ăl
Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings.
NĂR-kō-lĕp-sē
Nerves are a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord
nĕrv
Neuralgia refers to intense, typically intermittent pain along the course of a nerve
nŭr-ĂL-jă
Neurasthenia is a medical condition characterized by lassitude, fatigue, headache, and irritability, associated chiefly with emotional disturbance
nŭr-ăs-THĒ-nē-ă
Neuroglia refers to the homeostatic and defensive cells of the nervous system
nŭr-ō-GLĒ-ă
Neuron is a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses
NŪR-ŏn
Neuropathy happens when the nerves that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves) are damaged
nūr-ŎP-ă-thē
A Neurotransmitter is a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse
nūr-ō-trănz-MĬT-ĕr
Oligodendroglial Cells are a type of neuroglia whose main functions are to provide support and insulation to axons
ŏl-ĭ-gō-dĕn-drō-GLĒ-ăl sĕl
Paraplegia refers to paralysis of the legs and lower body
păr-ă-PLĒ-jă
Parasympathetic Nerves are nerves that increase digestive secretions and reduce the heartbeat
păr-ă-sĭm-pă-THĔT-ĭk nĕrvz
Parenchyma refers to the functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue
păr-ĔN-kĭ-mă
Paresis is a condition of muscular weakness caused by nerve damage or disease
pă-RĒ-sĭs
Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation, typically through tingling or pricking
păr-ĕs-THĒ-zē-ă
Peripheral Nervous System consists of the nerves that form the communication network between the CNS and the body parts
pĕ-RĬF-ĕr-ăl NĔR-vŭs SĬS-tĕmsystem
Pia Mater refers to the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord
PĒ-ă MĂ-tĕr
Plexus is a network of nerves or vessels in the body
PLĔK-sŭs
Poliomyelitis is an infectious viral disease that affects the central nervous system
pō-lē-ō-mī-ĕ-LĪ-tĭs
Polyneuritis is a disorder affecting several or many peripheral nerves
pŏl-ē-nŭ-RĪ-tĭs
Pons is the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus
pŏnz
Quadriplegia refers to paralysis of all four limbs
kwŏd-rĭ-PLĒ-jă
Radiculitis is pain that radiates along the path of a specific nerve as the response of pressure on the nerve root
ră-dĭk-ū-LĪ-tĭs
Radiculopathy refers to an injury or damage to nerve roots in the area where they leave the spine
ră-dĭk-ū-LŎP-ă-thē
Receptor is an organ or cell able to respond to light and heat
rē-SĔP-tŏr
Sciatic Nerve is a major nerve extending from the lower end of the spinal cord down the back of the thigh
sī-ĂT-ĭk nĕrv
Sciatica refers to pain affecting the back, hip or leg
sī-ĂT-ĭ-kă
Sensory Nerves carry signals to your brain to help you touch, taste, smell and see
SĔN-sō-rē nĕrv
Spinal Nerves are mixed nerves that interact directly with the spinal cord to modulate motor and sensory information from the body's periphery
SPĪ-năl nĕrvz
Stimulus is a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue
STĬM-ū-lŭs
Stroma refers to the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc
STRŌ-mă
Subdural Hematoma is a buildup of blood on the surface of the brain
sŭb-DŪ-răl hē-mă-TŌ-mă
Sulcus; Sulci is a groove or furrow
SŬL-kŭs; SŬL-sī
Sympathetic Nerves are nerves that stimulate the body's fight or flight response
sĭm-pă-THĔT-ĭk nĕrvz
Synapse is a junction between two nerve cells
SĬN-ăps
Syncopal refers to a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure
SĬN-kō-păl
Syncope refers to a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure
SĬN-kō-pē
Thalamic refers to anything involving or relating to the thalamus
THĂL-ă-mĭk or thă-LĂM-ĭk
Thalamus refers to either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle
THĂL-ă-mŭs
Trigeminal Neuralgia s a type of chronic pain disorder that involves sudden, severe facial pain
trī-GĔM-ĭn-ăl nŭr-ĂL-jă
Vagal refers to anything relating to the vagus nerve
VĀ-găl
Vagus Nerve refers to each of the tenth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the heart, lungs, upper digestive tract, and other organs of the chest and abdomen
VĀ-gŭs nĕrv
Ventricles of the brain help keep the brain buoyant and cushioned.
VĔN-trĭ-klz of the brān
Pathology, Laboratory Tests, and Clinical Procedures
Absence Seizures are seizures that causes you to blank out or stare into space for a few seconds
ĂB-sĕns SĒ-zhŭr
Alzheimer disease is the most common type of dementia
ĂLZ-hī-mĕr dĭ-ZĒZ
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurological disorder that affects motor neurons, the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement and breathing
ā-mī-ō-TRŌ-fĭk LĂ-tĕr-ăl sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs
Aneurysm is an abnormal swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, such as an arter
ĂN-ūr-ĭ-zĭm
Astrocytoma is a type of cancer that can occur in the brain or spinal cord
ăs-trō-sī-TŌ-mă
Aura refers to a a warning sensation experienced before an attack of epilepsy or migraine
ĂW-ră
Bell palsy is a neurological disorder that causes paralysis or weakness on one side of the face
bĕl PĂL-zē
Cerebral Angiography refers to a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the brain
sĕ-RĒ-brăl ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
Cerebral Concussion is a traumatic brain injury that affects your brain functions
sĕ-RĒ-brăl kŏn-KŬS-shŭn
Cerebral Contusions are scattered areas of bleeding on the surface of the brain, most commonly along the undersurface and poles of the frontal and temporal lobes
sĕ-RĒ-brăl kŏn-TOO-shŭn
Cerebral Hemorrhage means bleeding in the brain
sĕ-RĒ-brăl HĔM-ōr-ĭj
Cerebral Palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture
sĕ-RĒ-brăl (or SĔR-ĕ-brăl) PĂL-zē
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis is a group of tests that use a sample of your cerebrospinal fluid to help diagnose diseases of the brain and spinal cord and other conditions that affect the central nervous system
sĕ-rē-brō-SPĪ-năl FLOO-ĭd ă-NĂL-ĭ-sĭs
Cerebrovascular Accident is an interruption in the flow of blood to cells in the brain…also commonly known as a stroke
sĕ-rē-brō-VĂS-kū-lăr ĂK-sĭ-dĕnt
Computed Tomography is a form of tomography in which a computer controls the motion of the X-ray source and detectors, processes the data, and produces the image
kŏm-PŪ-tĕd tō-MŎG-ră-fē
Dementia is a symptom that causes memory loss during normal daily life
dĕ-MĔN-shē-ă
Demyelination describes a loss of myelin with relative preservation of axons
dē-mī-ĕ-lĭ-NĀ-shun
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter made in your brain that helps with functions
DŌ-pă-mēn
Doppler ultrasound studies is a noninvasive test that can be used to estimate the blood flow through your blood vessels
DŎP-lĕr ŬL-tră-sound STŬ-dēz
Electroencephalography s a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain
ĕ-lĕk-trō-ĕn-sĕf-ă-LŎG-ră-fē
Embolus is a blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object which has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism
ĔM-bō-lŭs
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by repeated seizures
ĔP-ĭ-lĕp-sē
Gait refers to a person's manner of walking
GĀT
Glioblastoma is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor
glē-ō-blăs-TŌ-mă
Herpes Zoster is a rash like chicken pox virus a.k.a shingles
HĔR-pēz ZŎS-tĕr
HIV encephalopathy is an infection that spreads throughout the brain that causes dementia
HIV ĕn-sĕf-ă-LŎP-ă-thē
Huntington disease is an inherited disorder that causes nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain to gradually break down and die
HŬN-ting-tŏn dĭ-ZĒZ
Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder caused by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles (cavities) deep within the brain
hī-drō-SĔF-ă-lŭs
Ictal Event refers to the time from the first symptom to the end of the seizure activity
ĬK-tăl ē-VĔNT
Lumbar Puncture is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal
LŬM-băr PŬNK-shŭr
Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body
măg-NĔT-ĭk RĔ-zō-nănce ĬM-ă-jĭng
Meningitis is the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord
mĕn-ĭn-JĪ-tĭs
Meningocele refers to a protrusion of the meninges through a gap in the spine
mĕ-NĬN-gō-sĕl
A Migraine is a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head
MĪ-grān
Multiple Sclerosis is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord
mūl-tĭ-pl sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs
Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles
mī-ăs-THĒ-nē-ă GRĂ-vĭs
Occlusion refers to the blockage or closing of an opening, blood vessel, or hollow organ.
ō-KLŪ-zhŭn
Palliative refers to a medicine or form of medical care that relieves symptoms without dealing with the cause of the condition.
PĂ-lē-ă-tĭv
Palsy is another word for paralysis, especially one that is accompanied by involuntary tremors.
PĂWL-zē
Parkinson disease is a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements
PĂR-kĭn-sŭn dĭ-ZĒZ
Positron Emission Tomography is a technique that measures physiological function by looking at blood flow, metabolism, neurotransmitters, and radiolabelled drugs
PŎS-ĭ-trŏn ē-MĬ-shŭn tō-MŎG-ră-fē
Shingles is an infection of a nerve and the skin around it, rash
SHĬNG-ŭlz
Spina Bifida is a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth
SPĪ-nă BĬF-ĭ-dă
Stereotactic Radiosurgery is a minimally invasive form of surgical intervention that makes use of a three-dimensional coordinate system to locate small targets inside the body
stĕ-rē-ō-TĂK-tĭk rā-dē-ō-SŬR-gĕr-ē
Thrombus is a blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow.
THRŎM-bŭs
Tic refers to an uncontrolled sudden, repetitive movement or sound that can be hard to control
tĭk
Tonic-clonic Seizure is a type of seizure that involves a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions
TŎN-ĭk-KLŌ-nĭk SĒ-zhŭr
Tourette Syndrome is a nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds
tŭ-RĔT SĬN-drōm
Transient Ischemic attack is a stroke that lasts only a few minutes
TRĂN-zē-ĕnt ĭs-KĒ-mĭkă-TĂK
Chapter 11 - Pronunciation of Terms
Angiogram is an X-ray photograph of blood or lymph vessels, made by angiography
ĂN-jē-ō-grăm
Angioplasty refers to surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel
ĂN-jē-ō-plăs-tē
Anoxia refers to the absence of oxygen
ă-NŎK-sē-ă
Aorta is the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system
ā-ŌR-tă
Aortic Stenosis occurs when the aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally
ā-ŌR-tĭk stĕ-NŌ-sĭs
Apex of the Heart is at the bottom tip of the heart
Ā-pĕks of the hărt
Arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm
ā-RĬTH-mē-ă
Arterial Anastomosis is when one connects or re-connects arteries to improve circulation
ăr-TĒ-rē-ăl ă-năs-tō-MŌ-sĭs
Arteriography refers to radiography of an artery, carried out after injection of a radio-opaque substance
ăr-tē-rē-ŎG-ră-fē
Arteriole refers to a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries
ăr-TĒ-rē-ōl
Arteriosclerosis is a type of vascular disease where the blood vessels carrying oxygen away from the heart (arteries) become damaged
ăr-tē-rē-ō-sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs
Artery refers to any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system
ĂR-tĕ-rē
Atherectomy is a peripheral intervention that opens arteries blocked by plaque
ă-thĕ-RĔK-tō-mē
Atheroma refers to the degeneration of the walls of the arteries caused by accumulated fatty deposits and scar tissue
ăth-ĕr-Ō-mă
Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls
ăth-ĕr-ō-sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs
Atrial refers to an irregular heart rhythm that begins in your heart's upper chambers (atria)
Ā-trē-ăl
Atrioventricular Bundle is a continuation of the specialized tissue of the AV node
ā-trē-ō-vĕn-TRĬK-ū-lăr BŬN-dl
The atrioventricular node controls the passage of the heart's electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles
ā-trē-ō-vĕn-TRĬK-ū-lăr nōd
Atrium; Atria refers to each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles
Ā-trē-ŭm; Ā-trē-ă
Brachial Artery is the major blood vessel supplying blood to your upper arm, elbow, forearm and hand
BRĀ-kē-ăl ĂR-tĕ-rē
Bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate
brād-ē-KĂR-dē-ă
bundle of His is an elongated segment connecting the AV Node and the left and right bundle branches of the septal crest
BŬN-dl of Hĭss
Capillary refers to any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules
KĂP-ĭ-lăr-ē
Carbon Dioxide is the element carbon and 2 oxygen atoms put together, their mainly used for exhaling air
KĂR-bŏn dī-ŎK-sīd
Cardiogenic Shock appens when your heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to the brain and other vital organs
kăr-dē-ō-JĔN-ĭk shŏk
Cardiomegaly is usually a sign of another condition such as a heart valve problem or heart disease
kăr-dē-ō-MĔG-ă-lē
Cardiomyopathy refers to any disorder that affects the heart muscle
kăr-dē-ō-mī-ŎP-ă-thē
Coronary Arteries supply blood to the heart muscle
KŎR-ō-năr-ē ĂR-tĕ-rēz
Cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
sī-ă-NŌ-sĭs
Deoxygenated Blood refers to blood that has lost the oxygen molecules within making the blood appear darker
dē-ŎK-sĭ-jĕ-NĀ-tĕd blŭd
Diastole refers to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood
dī-ĂS-tō-lē
Electrocardiogram is a record or display of a person's heartbeat produced by electrocardiography
ĕ-lĕk-trō-KĂR-dē-ō-grăm
Endocardium refers to the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
ĕn-dō-KĂR-dē-ŭm
Endothelium refers to the tissue which forms a single layer of cells lining various organs and cavities of the body, especially the blood vessels, heart, and lymphatic vessels
ĕn-dō-THĒ-lē-um
Hypercholesterolemia is another word for high cholesterol
hī-pĕr-kō-lĕs-tĕr-ŏl-Ē-mē-ă
Hypoxia is a state where oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis
hī-PŎK-sē-ă
Interventricular Septum refers to a muscular wall that divides the heart's ventricles, or lower chambers, into left and right halves
ĭn-tĕr-vĕn-TRĬK-ū-lăr SĔP-tŭm
Mitral Valve helps blood flow in the right direction
MĪ-trăl vălv
Mitral Valvulitis refers to a group of conditions that affect your mitral valve
MĪ-trăl văl-vū-LĪ-tĭs
Myocardium refers to the muscular tissue of the heart.
mī-ō-KĂR-dē-ŭm
Myxoma is a benign tumor of connective tissue containing mucous or gelatinous material
mĭk-SŌ-mă
Normal Sinus Rhythm refers to the rhythm that originates from the sinus node and describes the characteristic rhythm of the healthy human heart
NŎR-măl SĪ-nus RĬ-thĕm
Oxygen is a gas known as O (or O2), noted by the periodic table
ŎK-sĭ-jĕn
Pacemaker is an artificial for stimulating the heart muscle and regulating its contractions
PĀS-mā-kĕr
Pericardiocentesis is a procedure done to remove fluid that has built up in the sac around the heart
pĕr-ĭ-kăr-dē-ō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Pericardium refers to the membrane enclosing the heart
pĕr-ĭ-KĂR-dē-ŭm
Phlebotomy refers to the surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid
flĕ-BŎT-ō-mē
Pulmonary Artery refers to the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation
PŬL-mō-nĕr-ē ĂR-tĕr-ē
Pulmonary Circulation refers to the system of transportation that shunts de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be re-saturated with oxygen before being dispersed into the systemic circulation
PŬL-mō-nĕr-ē sĕr-kū-LĀ-shŭn
Pulmonary Valve refers to one of four valves that control blood flow in the heart
PŬL-mō-nĕr-ē vălv
A pulmonary vein is a vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
PŬL-mō-nĕr-ē vān
Pulse is a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck
pŭls
Septum; Septa refers to a partition separating two chambers, such as that between the nostrils or the chambers of the heart
SĔP-tŭm; SĔP-tă
The sinoatrial node refers to a small body of specialized muscle fibers, located in the right atrium of the heart, whose activity is responsible for initiating the heartbeat
sī-nō-Ā-trē-ăl nōd
Sphygmomanometer is an instrument for measuring blood pressure
sfĭg-mō-mă-NŎM-ĕ-tĕr
A stethoscope is a medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing
STĔTH-ō-skōp
Systemic Circulation refers to the movement of the blood from the heart to body parts except the lungs and back to the heart
sĭs-TĔM-ĭk sĕr-kū-LĀ-shŭn
Systole refers to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
SĬS-tō-lē
Tachycardia refers to a heart rate that's faster than normal, or more than 100 beats per minute at rest
tăk-ē-KĂR-dē-ă
Thrombolysis uses medications or a minimally invasive procedure to break up blood clots and prevent new clots from forming
thrŏm-BŎL-ĭ-sĭs
Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs
thrŏm-bō-flĕ-BĪ-tĭs
Tricuspid Valve controls the flow of blood from your heart's right atrium to the right ventricle
trī-KŬS-pĭd vălv
A Valve is a device for controlling the passage of fluid or air
vălv
A Valvotomy is a minimally invasive structural heart disease treatment to open a narrowed heart valve
văl-VŎT-ō-mē
Valvuloplasty is the same thing as a valvotomy
văl-vū-lō-PLĂS-tē
Vascular refers to anything relating to, affecting, or consisting of a vessel or vessels
VĂS-kū-lăr
Vasoconstriction means the constriction of blood vessels
văz-ō-kŏn-STRĬK-shŭn
Vasodilation refers to the dilatation of blood vessels
văz-ō-dī-LĀ-shŭn
Vein refers to any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body
vān
Vena Cava; Venae Cavae are very large veins that bring deoxygenated blood to your heart to get oxygen
VĒ-nă KĀ-vă; VĒ-nē KĀ-vē
Venipuncture is a puncture of a vein as part of a medical procedure, typically to withdraw a blood sample or for an intravenous injection
vĕ-nĭ-PŬNK-chŭr
Venous refers to anything relating to a vein or the veins
VĒ-nŭs
Ventricle is a hollow part or cavity in an organ.
VĔN-trĭ-kl
Venule means a very small vein who is known to collect blood from the capillaries
VĔN-ūl
PART TWO:
Term
Pronunciation
ACE Inhibitors are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure
ĀCE ĭn-HĬB-ĭ-tŏr
Acute Coronary Syndromes is a term that describes a range of conditions related to sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart
ă-KŪT kŏr-ō-NĂR-ē SĬN-drōmz
A Aneurysm refers to an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall
ĂN-ū-rĭzm
Angina refers to chest pain or discomfort that occurs when part of your heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood
ăn-JĪ-nă or ĂN-jĭ-nă
Angiography is an examination by X-ray of blood or lymph vessels
ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
Atrioventricular Block refers to a slowed heart rate that occurs because of a malfunction with the heart's electrical system
ā-trē-ō-vĕn-TRĬK-ū-lăr blŏk
Atrial Fibrillation is an irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm
Ā-trē-ăl fĭb-rĭ-LĀ-shŭn
Auscultation is the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope
ăw-skŭl-TĀ-shŭn
Beta-blocker is a class of drugs that prevent the stimulation of the adrenergic receptors responsible for increased cardiac action
BĀ-tă-BLŎK-ĕr
Biventricular Pacemaker helps maintain a normal and coordinated heartbeat by sending electrical impulses to the heart
bī-vĕn-TRIK-ū-lăr PĀS-mā-kĕr
BNP test detects heart failure by measuring the amount of BNP or its prohormone NT-proBNP in the bloodstream
BNP tĕst
Bruit is a sound, especially an abnormal one, heard through a stethoscope
BRŪ-ē
Calcium Channel Blockers are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium through calcium channels
KĂL-sē-ŭm CHĂ-nĕl BLŎK-ĕr
Cardiac Arrest is when the heart stops beating suddenly
KĂR-dē-ăk ā-RĔST
Cardiac Catheterization is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat some heart conditions
KĂR-dē-ăk kăth-ĕ-tĕr-ĭ-ZĀ-shŭn
Cardiac MRI is a magnetic resonance imaging technology used for xray to create detailed pictures of your heart and arteries
KĂR-dē-ăk MRI
Cardiac Biomarkers are substances that are released into the blood when the heart is damaged or stressed
KĂR-dē-ăk BĪ-ō-mar-kerz
Cardiac Tamponade is a medical emergency that takes place when abnormal amounts of fluid accumulate in the pericardial sac compressing the heart and leading to a decrease in cardiac output and shock
KĂR-dē-ăk tăm-pō-NŎD
Cardioversion is a treatment to restore a normal heartbeat when your heart is beating too fast or with an irregular rhythm
kăr-dē-ō-VĔR-zhŭn
A catheter ablation involves passing thin, flexible tubes, called catheters, through the blood vessels to the heart
KĂTH-ĕ-tĕr ăb-LĀ-shŭn
Claudication is pain in the legs or arms that occurs while walking or using the arms
klăw-dĕ-KĀ-shŭn
Coarctation of the Aorta refers to a narrowing of the large blood vessel (aorta) that leads from the heart
kō-ărk-TĀ-shŭn of the ā-ŎR-tă
Computed Tomography Angiography is a type of medical test that combines a CT scan with an injection of a special dye to produce pictures of blood vessels and tissues in a part of your body
kŏm-PŪ-tĕd tō-MŎG-ră-fē ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
Congenital Heart Disease is a heart birth defect
kŏn-GĔN-ĭ-tăl hărt dĭ-ZĒZ
Congestive Heart Failure is a serious condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as efficiently as it should
kŏn-GĔS-tĭv hărt FĀL-ŭr
Coronary Artery Disease is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
kŏr-ō-NĂR-ē ĂR-tĕ-rē dĭ-ZĒZ
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is a medical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart
kŏr-ō-NĂR-ē ĂR-tĕ-rē BĪ-păs GRĂF-tĭng
Deep Vein Thrombosis refers to a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
Dēp vān thrŏm-BŌ-sĭs
Defibrillation is the stopping of fibrillation of the heart by administering a controlled electric shock in order to allow restoration of the normal rhythm
dē-fĭb-rĭ-LĀ-shun
Digoxin is a poisonous compound present in the foxglove and other plants. It is a steroid glycoside and is used in small doses as a cardiac stimulant
dĭ-JŎK-sĭn
Digital Subtraction Angiography is a procedure that provides an image of the brain's blood vessels using contrast dye and X-rays
DĬJ-ĭ-tăl sŭb-TRĂK-shŭn ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
A Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive test that can depict blood flow by bouncing high-frequency sound waves off of red blood cells to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs
DŎP-lĕr ŬL-tră-sŏnd
Dysrhythmia is an abnormality in a physiological rhythm, found especially in the activity of the brain or heart
dĭs-RĬTH-mē-ă
Echocardiography is the use of ultrasound waves to investigate the action of the heart
ĕk-ō-kăr-dē-ŌG-ră-fē
Electrocardiography is when you create a recording of the heart's electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles
ē-lĕk-trō-kăr-dē-ŎG-ră-fē
Electron Beam Computed Tomography is a fast test to look for calcium build-up in the heart's arteries
ē-LĔK-trŏn bēm kŏm-PŪ-tĕd tō-MŎG-ră-fē
Embolus; Emboli is a blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object which has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism
ĔM-bō-lŭs; ĔM-bō-lī
Endarterectomy is a surgery to remove plaque from narrowed or blocked arteries
ĕnd-ăr-tĕr-ĔK-tō-mē
Endocarditis is inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves
ĕn-dō-kăr-DĪ-tĭs
Extracorporeal Circulation is a technique that replaces the heart and lungs in surgery
ĕks-tră-kŏr-PŎR-ē-ăl sĕr-kū-LĀ-shŭn
Fibrillation is a heart condition that causes an irregular and often abnormally fast heart rate
fĭb-rĭ-LĀ-shŭn
Flutter is another word for oscillation
FLŬ-tĕr
Heart Block is a condition where the heart beats more slowly or with an abnormal rhythm
hărt blŏk
Heart Transplantation is an operation in which a failing heart is replaced with a healthier donor heart
hărt trănz-plăn-TĀ-shŭn
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in your lower rectum
HĔM-ō-roydz
Holter Monitoring is a type of portable electrocardiogram that records the electrical activity of the heart continuously over 24 hours or longer while away from the doctor's office
HŌL-tĕr MŎN-ĭ-tĕ-rĭng
Hypertension is when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high
hī-pĕr-TĔN-shŭn
Hypertensive Heart Disease refers to a constellation of changes in the left ventricle, left atrium, and coronary arteries as a result of chronic blood pressure elevation
hī-pĕr-TĔN-sĭv hărt dĭ-ZĒZ
Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator is a device implantable inside the body, able to perform defibrillation, and depending on the type, cardioversion and pacing of the heart
ĭm-PLĂNT-ă-bŭl kăr-dē-ō-VĔR-tĕr dē-FĬB-rĭ-lā-tŏr
Infarction is tissue death or necrosis due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area
ĭn-FĂRK-shŭn
Ischemia refers to an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă
Left Ventricular Assist Device is a pump used for patients who have reached end-stage heart failure
lĕft vĕn-TRĬ-kū-lăr ă-SĬST dē-VĪS
Lipid Tests is a test that measures the amount of certain fat molecules called lipids in your blood
LĬ-pĭd tĕsts
Lipoprotein Electrophoresis is a test that helps in categorizing lipoprotein as an indicator of cardiac health
lī-pō-PRŌ-tēn ē-lĕk-trō-fŏr-Ē-sĭs
Mitral Stenosis refers to the narrowing of the mitral valve
MĪ-trăl stĕ-NŌ-sĭs
Mitral Valve Prolapse is a type of heart valve disease in which the flaps (also called leaflets or cusps) of the mitral valve become enlarged or stretched
MĪ-trăl vălv PRŌ-laps
Murmur is a soft, indistinct sound made by a person or group of people speaking quietly or at a distance
MŬR-mĕr
Myocardial Infarction is a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle… a.k.a a heart attack
mī-ō-KĂR-dē-ăl ĭn-FĂRK-shŭn
Nitrates are a class of medications (not to be confused with the byproduct of nitrogen fertilizers) that cause vasodilation by donating nitric oxide
nī-TRĀTZ
Nitroglycerin prevents and treats chest pain by relaxing your blood vessels
nī-trō-GLĬS-ĕr-ĭn
Occlusion is the blockage or closing of an opening, blood vessel, or hollow organ
ŏ-KLŪ-jŭn
Palpitations are a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation, exertion, or illness
păl-pĭ-TĀ-shŭnz
A patent is a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention
PĀ-tĕnt
Patent Ductus Arteriosus is an extra blood vessel found in babies before birth and just after birth
PĀ-tĕnt DŬK-tŭs ăr-tēr-ē-Ō-sŭs
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention is a non-surgical procedure that uses a catheter to place a small structure called a stent to open up blood vessels in the heart that have been narrowed by plaque buildup
pĕr-kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs KŎR-ō-năr-ē ĭn-tĕr-VĔN-shŭn
Pericardial Friction Rub is a grating, to-and-fro sound produced by friction of the heart against the pericardium
pĕr-ĭ-KĂR-dē-ăl FRĬK-shŭn rŭb
Pericarditis is inflammation of the lining around the heart
pĕr-ĭ-kăr-DĪ-tĭs
Peripheral Arterial Disease is a circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs.
pĕ-RĬ-fĕr-ăl ăr-TĒ-rē-ăl dĭ-ZĒZ
Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots that form on the skin
pĕ-TĒ-kē-ē
Positron Emission Tomography is a type of nuclear medicine procedure that measures metabolic activity of the cells of body tissues
pŏs-ĭ-tron ē-MĬSH-un tō-MŎG-ră-fē
Raynaud disease is a problem that causes decreased blood flow to the fingers
rā-NŌ dĭ-ZĒZ
Rheumatic Heart Disease is a condition in which the heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever
roo-MĂT-ik hărt dĭ-ZĒZ
Septal Defects is a heart defect due to an abnormal connection between the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles)
SĔP-tăl DĒ-fĕkts
Statins are a group of medicines that can help lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood
STĂ-tĭnz
Stress Test shows how the heart works during physical activity
STRĔS tĕst
Telemetry automatically collects, transmits and measures data from remote sources, using sensors and other devices to collect data
tĕl-ĔM-ĕ-trē
Tetralogy of Fallot is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart
tĕ-TRĂL-ō-jē of fă-LŌ
Technetium Tc99m Sestamibi Scan is a pharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging
tĕk-NĒ-shē-ŭm Tc99m sĕs-tă-MĬ-bē skăn
Thallium 201 Scan is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and parathyroid hyperactivity
THĂL-ē-um 201 skăn
Thrill is a vibratory movement or resonance heard through a stethoscope.
thrĭl
Thrombolytic Therapy is the use of medications to destroy blood clots or prevent new blood clots from forming
thrŏm-bō-LĬ-tĭk THĔ-ră-pē
Thrombotic Occlusion result from the formation of a thrombus within, surrounding, or at the tip of the catheter
thrŏm-BŎT-ĭk ŏ-KLŪ-zhĕn
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement is a procedure to replace an aortic valve that is narrowed and doesn't open fully
trănz-KĂTH-ĕ-tĕr ā-ŎR-tĭk valve rē-PLĀS-mĕnt
Varicose Veins are twisted, enlarged veins
VĂR-ĭ-kōs vānz
Vegetations are an abnormal outgrowth upon a body part
vĕj-ĕ-TĀ-shŭnz
Chapter 12 - Pronunciation of Terms
Adenoidectomy s the surgical removal of the adenoids
ăd-ĕ-noyd-ĔK-tō-mē
Adenoid Hypertrophy is an obstructive condition related to an increased size of the adenoids
ĂD-ĕ-noyd hī-PĔR-trō-fē
Adenoids are a patch of tissue that sit in the back of the nasal cavity
ĂD-ĕ-noydz
Alveolar refers to anything relating to an alveolus or the alveoli of the lung or lungs
ăl-VĒ-ō-lăr
Alveolus; Alveoli refers to any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
ăl-VĒ-ō-lŭs; ăl-VĒ-ō-lī
Anosmia is the loss of the sense of smell
ăn-ŎS-mē-ă
Apex of the Lung is its most superior point where both costal and mediastinal surfaces merge
Ā-pĕkz of the lŭng
Apical refers to anything of, relating to, or situated at an apex
Ā-pĭ-kăl
Apnea is the temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep.
ĂP-nē-ă
Asphyxia is a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing unconsciousness or death; aka suffocation.
ăs-FĬK-sē-ă
Atelectasis is the collapse of part or all of a lung
ă-tĕ-LĔK-tă-sĭs
Base of the Lung…bottom of the lung
bās of the lŭng
Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition where the walls of the bronchi are thickened from inflammation and infection
brŏng-kē-ĔK-tă-sĭs
Bronchioles refers to any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides
BRŎNG-kē-ŏlz
Bronchiolitis is an infection of the respiratory tract
brŏng-kē-ō-LĪ-tĭs
Bronchodilator are a type of medication that make breathing easier
brŏng-kō-DĪ-lā-tĕr
Bronchopleural is a sinus tract between the main stem, lobar, or segmental bronchus and the pleural space
brŏng-kō-PLOO-răl
Bronchospasms happen when the muscles that line your bronchi (airways in your lungs) tighten
BRŎNG-kō-spăzm
Bronchus; Bronchi refers to any of the major air passages of the lungs which diverge from the windpipe.
BRŎNG-kŭs; BRŎNG-kī
Carbon Dioxide is made from one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, the air we exhale
KĂR-bŏn dī-ŎK-sīd
Cilia is a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells
SĬL-ē-ă
Cyanosis is when your skin, lips or nails turn blue due to a lack of oxygen in your blood
sī-ă-NŌ-sĭs
Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals
DĪ-ă-frăm
Dysphonia refers to a difficulty in speaking due to a physical disorder of the mouth, tongue, throat, or vocal cords
dĭs-FŌ-nē-ă
Dyspnea is another word for difficult or labored breathing
DĬSP-nē-ă
Empyema refers to the collection of pus in a cavity in the body, especially in the pleural cavity
ĕm-pī-Ē-mă
Epiglottis is a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue
ĕp-ĭ-GLŎT-ĭs
Expectoration is the act of coughing up and spitting out the material produced in the respiratory tract
ĕk-spĕk-tō-RĀ-shŭn
Expiration refers to the exhalation of breath
ĕks-pĭr-RĀ-shŭn
Glottis is the part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them
GLŎ-tĭs
Hemoptysis is another word for coughing up blood
hē-MŎP-tĭ-sĭs
Hemothorax is a serious condition in which blood collects in your pleural space
hē-mō-THŌ-răks
Hilum of the Lung is a depressed surface at the center of the medial surface of the lung and lies anteriorly to fifth through seventh thoracic vertebrae
HĪ-lŭm of the lŭng
Hilar refers to anything relating to a hilus or hilum
HĪ-lăr
Hypercapnia is when you have high levels of carbon dioxide in your blood
hī-pĕr-KĂP-nē-ă
Hyperpnea is breathing more deeply and sometimes faster than usual
hī-PĔRP-nē-ă
Hypoxia is a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis
hī-PŎK-sē-ă
Inspiration refers to the drawing in of breath
ĭn-spĭ-RĀ-shŭn
Laryngeal refers to anything relating to the larynx
lă-RĬN-jē-ăl or lăr-ĭn-JĒ-ăl
Laryngospasm is a transient and reversible spasm of the vocal cords that temporarily makes it difficult to speak or breathe
lă-RĬNG-gō-spăzm
Laryngitis refers to inflammation of the larynx
lă-rĭn-JĪ-tĭs
Larynx is the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals
LĂR-ĭnks
Lobectomy is the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ such as the thyroid gland, lung, or liver
lō-BĔK-tō-mē
Mediastinoscopy is a thoracic surgical procedure performed with a mediastinoscope to examine the mediastinum
mē-dē-ă-stī-NŎS-kō-pē
Mediastinum is a space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures
mē-dē-ă-STĪ-nŭm
Nares is another name for nostrils
NĀ-rēz
Nasogastric Intubation is a thin, flexible plastic tube that's used for temporary medical purposes
nā-zō-GĂS-trĭk ĭn-too-BĀ-shŭn
Orthopnea is a medical term to describe shortness of breath that occurs while lying flat and is relieved by sitting or standing
ŏr-THŎP-nē-ă
Oxygen is what we use to breathe, the chemical element oxygen or O2
ŎKS-ĭ-jĕn
Palatine Tonsils are bundles of lymphatic tissue located in the lateral oropharynx
PĂL-ĭ-tīn TŎN-sĭl
Paranasal Sinus are air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity
pă-ră-NĀ-zăl SĪ-nŭs
Parietal Pleura is the outer layer of the pleura
pă-RĪ-ĕ-tăl PLOO-răh
Pharyngeal refers to anything relating to the pharynx
fă-RĬN-jē-ăl or făr-ĭn-JĒ-ăl
Pharynx is the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth
FĂR-ĭnkz
Phrenic Nerve is the only nerve in your nervous system that provides motor (movement) function to your diaphragm
FRĔN-ĭk nĕrv
Pleura refers to each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals
PLOOR-ă
The pleural cavity is a fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs
PLOOR-ăl KĂ-vĭ-tē
Pleurodynia is a word for pain in the chest or upper abdomen when you breathe
ploor-ō-DĬN-ē-ă
Pneumonectomy refers to surgical removal of a lung or part of a lung.
nū-mō-NĔK-tō-mē
Pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity
nū-mō-THŌ-răks
Pulmonary refers to anything relating to the lungs
PŬL-mō-năr-ē
Pulmonary Parenchyma refers to the portion of lung often used solely to alveolar tissue and any form of lung tissue including bronchioles, bronchi, blood vessels, interstitium and alveoli involved in gas transfer
pŭl-mō-NĂR-ē pă-RĔN-kă-mă
Pyothorax is the presence of inflammatory fluid or pus within the chest cavity
pī-ō-THŌ-răks
Respiration is the action of breathing
rĕs-pĕ-RĀ-shĕn
Rhinoplasty is a surgery to change the shape of the nose
RĪ-nō-plăs-tē
Rhinorrhea is when mucus drips or “runs” out of your nose
rī-nō-RĒ-ăh
Sinusitis is a condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed
sī-nū-SĪ-tĭs
Spirometer is a diagnostic device that measures the amount of air you're able to breathe in and out
spī-RŎM-ĕ-tĕr
Tachypnea refers to abnormally rapid breathing
tăk-ĬP-nē-ă
Thoracic refers to anything relating to the thorax
thōr-RĂ-sĭk
Thoracoscopy is a procedure a doctor uses to look at the space inside the chest
thōr-ră-KŎS-kō-pē
Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure in which a cut is made between the ribs to see and reach the lungs or other organs in the chest or thorax
thōr-ră-KŎT-ō-mē
Tonsillectomy is surgery to remove the tonsils
tŏn-sĭ-LĔK-tō-mē
The trachea is a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage
TRĀ-kē-ă
Tracheal Stenosis is a narrowing of the trachea (windpipe) that is caused by an injury or a birth defect
TRĀ-kē-ăl stĕ-NŌ-sĭs
Tracheotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the front of the neck and a breathing tube is placed into the trachea
trā-kē-ŎT-ō-mē
Visceral Pleura is the layer of pleura that covers the lung parenchyma
VĬS-ĕr-ăl PLOOR-ă
PART TWO
Term
Pronunciation
Anthracosis is caused by the accumulation of carbon in the lungs due to repeated exposure to air pollution or inhalation of smoke or coal dust particles
ăn-thră-KŌ-sĭs
Asbestosis is a chronic lung condition that is caused by prolonged exposure to high concentrations of asbestos fibers in the air
ăs-bĕs-TŌ-sĭs
Asthma is a disease that affects your lungs
ĂZ-mă
Atelectasis is the collapse of part or all of a lung
ă-tĕ-LĔK-tă-sĭs
Auscultation the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs
ăw-skŭl-TĀ-shŭn
Bacilli is a rod-shaped bacterium.
bă-SĬL-ī
Bronchoalveolar Lavage is used to wash the airways to capture a fluid sample
BRŎNG-kē-ō-ăl-vē-Ō-lar lă-VĂJ
Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition where the walls of the bronchi are thickened from inflammation and infection
brŏng-kē-ĔK-tă-sĭs
Bronchoscopy is a technique used to look at your air passages with a small camera that is located at the end of a flexible tube
brŏng-KŎS-kō-pē
Chronic Bronchitis is defined as a productive cough of more than 3 months occurring within a span of 2 years
KRŎ-nĭk brŏng-KĪ-tĭs
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems
KRŎ-nĭk ŏb-STRŬK-tĭv PŬLmō-nă-rē dĭ-ZĒZ
Computed Tomography is a noninvasive medical examination or procedure that uses specialized X-ray equipment to produce cross-sectional images of the body
kŏm-PŪ-tĭd tō-MŎG-ră-fē
Cor Pulmonale is an enlarged right ventricle in your heart that happens because of a lung condition
kŏr pŭl-mō-NĂ-lē
Croup refers to inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children
kroop
Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes problems with breathing and digestion
SĬS-tĭk fī-BRŌ-sĭs
Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make toxin
dĭf-THĔR-ē-ă
Emphysema is a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness
ĕm-fĭ-ZĒ-mă
Endotracheal Intubation is a medical procedure that can help save a life when someone can't breathe
ĕn-dō-TRĀ-kē-ăl ĭn-tū-BĀ-shŭn
Epistaxis refers to bleeding from the nose
ĕp-ĭ-STĂK-sĭs
Exudate is a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation
ĔK-sū-dāt
Hydrothorax is the condition when one has fluid in the pleural cavity
hī-drō-THŎR-ăks
Infiltrate is when something has to pass into or through a substance or a space
ĬN-fĭl-trāt
Laryngoscopy is when a doctor uses a special camera to look down the throat to see the voice box (larynx) and vocal cords
lăr-ĭng-GŎS-kō-pē
Lung Biopsy is a procedure in which samples of lung tissue are removed to determine if lung disease or cancer is present
Lŭng BĪ-ŏp-sē
Lung Cancer is a cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke.
lŭng KĂN-sĕr
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Chest is an imaging test that uses powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to create pictures of the chest
măg-NĔ-tĭk RĔ-zō-năns ĬM-ăgĭng of the chest
Mediastinoscopy is a thoracic surgical procedure performed with a mediastinoscope to examine the mediastinum
mē-dē-ă-stī-NŎS-kō-pē
Mesothelioma is a cancer that forms in the thin tissue that lines many of your internal organs
mĕz-ō-thē-lē-Ō-mă
Obstructive Lung Disease refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems
ŏb-STRŬK-tĭv lŭng dĭ-ZĒZ
Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness
PĂL-ē-ă-tĭv
Paroxysmal is a fit, attack, or sudden increase or recurrence of symptoms
păr-ŏk-SĬZ-măl
Percussion is a method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination
pĕr-KŬSH-ŭn
Pertussis is an infection of the respiratory system caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria, whooping cough
pĕr-TŬS-ĭs
Pleural Effusion is a buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity
PLOOR-ăl ĕ-FŪ-zhŭn
Pleural Rub is an adventitious breath sound heard on auscultation of the lungs
PLOOR-ăl rŭb
Pleurisy is a condition whereby inflammation of the pleura causes the membranes to rub and grate against each other
PLOOR-ĭ-sē
Pneumoconiosis is a disease of the lungs due to inhalation of dust, characterized by inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis
nū-mō-kō-nē-Ō-sĭs
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames your lungs' air sacs
nū-MŌ-nē-ă
A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity
nū-mō-THŎR-ăks
Positron Emission Tomography is a type of nuclear medicine procedure that measures metabolic activity of the cells of body tissues
PŎS-ĭ-trŏn ē-MĬ-shŭn tō-MŎG-ră-fē
Pulmonary Abscess is defined as a circumscribed area of pus or necrosis in the pulmonary parenchyma caused by microbial infection
PŬL-mō-nă-rē ĂB-sĕs
Pulmonary Edema is a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs
PŬL-mō-nă-rē ĕ-DĒ-mă
Pulmonary Embolism is a sudden blockage in your pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that send blood to your lungs
PŬL-mō-nă-rē ĔM-bō-lĭzm
Pulmonary Fibrosis is a disease where there is scarring of the lungs
PŬL-mō-nă-rē fī-BRŌ-sĭs
Pulmonary Function Tests are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working
PŬL-mō-nă-rē FŬNK-shŭn tĕsts
Pulmonary Infarction is the result of an occlusion of a distal pulmonary artery
PŬL-mō-nă-rē ĭn-FĂRK-shŭn
Purulent means consisting of, containing, or discharging pus.
PŪ-rū-lĕnt
Rales is an abnormal rattling sound heard when examining unhealthy lungs with a stethoscope
răhlz
Restrictive Lung Disease is a disease that decreases the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold
rē-STRĬK-tĭv lŭng dĭ-ZĒZ
Rhonchi are continuous gurgling or bubbling sounds typically heard during both inhalation and exhalation
RŎNG-kī
Sarcoidosis is a rare condition that causes small patches of swollen tissue, called granulomas, to develop in the organs of the body
săr-koy-DŌ-sĭs
Silicosis is a type of pulmonary fibrosis, a lung disease caused by breathing in tiny bits of silica
sĭ-lĭ-KŌ-sĭs
Sputum is a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or other disease and often examined microscopically to aid medical diagnosis
SPŪ-tŭm
Sputum Culture is a test that helps diagnose infections of the lungs or airways
SPŪ-tŭm KŬL-tŭr
Stridor is a harsh or grating sound
STRĪ-dŏr
Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs
thō-ră-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure in which a cut is made between the ribs to see and reach the lungs or other organs in the chest or thorax
thō-ră-KŎ-tō-mē
Thoracoscopy (thorascopy) is a procedure a doctor uses to look at the space inside the chest
thō-ră-KŎS-kō-pē (thō-RĂS-kō-pē)
Tracheostomy is a procedure to help air and oxygen reach the lungs by creating an opening into the trachea (windpipe) from outside the neck
trā-kē-ŎS-tō-mē
Tuberculin Test are administered to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
too-BĔR-kū-lĭn tĕst
Tuberculosis is a potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs
too-bĕr-kū-LŌ-sĭs
Tube Thoracostomy is a flexible tube that can be inserted through the chest wall between the ribs into the pleural space
toob thŏr-ă-KŎS-tō-mē
Ventilation-perfusion Scan is made up of two scans that examine air flow and blood flow in your lungs
vĕn-tĭ-LĀ-shŭn-pĕr-FŪ-zhŭn scăn
Wheezes is a breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages
WĒZ-ĕz
Chapter 13 - Pronunciation of Terms
Albumin is a protein made by your liver
ăl-BŪ-mĭn
Anisocytosis describes red blood cells that are of different sizes
ăn-ī-sō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
Antibody is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses
ĂN-tĭ-bŏd-ē
Anticoagulants are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time
ăn-tĭ-cō-ĂG-ū-lănt
Antigen is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor
ĂN-tĭ-jĕn
Basophils are a type of white blood cell that works closely with your immune system to defend your body from allergens, pathogens and parasites
BĀ-sō-fĭl
Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment that is made during the breakdown of red blood cells
bĭl-ĭ-ROO-bĭn
Coagulation is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel
kō-ăg-ū-LĀ-shŭn
Coagulopathy refers to any derangement of hemostasis resulting in either excessive bleeding or clotting
kō-ăg-ū-LŎP-ă-thē
Colony-stimulating Factor are secreted glycoproteins that bind to receptor proteins on the surfaces of hematopoietic stem cells
KŎL-ō-nē STĬM-ū-lā-tĭng FĂK-tŏr
Cytology is the study of cells
sī-TŎL-ō-jē
Differentiation is the normal process by which a less specialized cell develops or matures to become more distinct in form and function
dĭf-ĕr-ĕn-shē-Ā-shŭn
Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge
ē-lĕk-trō-fō-RĒ-sis
Eosinophil are one of several white blood cells that support your immune system
ē-ō-SĬN-ō-fĭl
Eosinophilia is the presence of too many eosinophils in the body
ē-ō-sĭn-ō-FĬL-ē-ă
Erythroblast is the process which produces red blood cells
ĕ-RĬTH-rō-blăst
Erythrocyte is a red blood cell that (in humans) and is categorized typically as a biconcave disc without a nucleus
ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt
Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells
ĕ-rĭth-rō-poy-Ē-sĭs
Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone, naturally produced by the peritubular cells of the kidney, that stimulates red blood cell production
ĕ-rĭth-rō-POY-ĕ-tĭn
Fibrin is an insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood
FĪ-brĭn
Fibrinogen is a 340kDa hexameric plasma glycoprotein synthesized by the liver and is the major structural component of a clot
fī-BRĬN-ō-jĕn
Globulins are a group of proteins in your blood
GLŎB-ū-lĭn
Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that has small granules inside them
GRĂN-ū-lō-sīt
Granulocytopenia is defined as a decrease of peripheral blood granulocytes below lower limit of normal range
grăn-ū-lō-sī-tō-PĒ-nē-ă
Hematopoiesis is the process of creating a wide variety of blood and bone marrow cells
hē-mă-tō-poy-Ē-sĭs
Hematopoietic Stem Cells are multipotent primitive cells that can develop into all types of blood cells,
hē-mă-tō-pō-EH-tik stĕm sĕl
Hemoglobin is the protein contained in red blood cells that is responsible for delivery of oxygen to the tissues
HĒ-mō-glō-bĭn
Hemoglobinopathy is a group of disorders in which there is abnormal production or structure of the hemoglobin molecule
hē-mō-glō-bĭn-ŎP-ă-thē
Hemolysis is the medical term used to describe the destruction of red blood cells
hē-MŎL-ĭ-sĭs
Hemostasis is the stopping of a flow of blood
hē-mō-STĀ-sĭs
Heparin is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan
HĔP-ă-rĭn
Hypochromic means that the red blood cells have less color than normal when examined under a microscope
hī-pō-KRŌ-mĭk
Immune Reaction is the body's ability to stay safe by affording protection against harmful agents and involves lines of defense against most microbes as well as specialized and highly specific response to a particular offender
ĭm-MŪN rē-ĂK-shŭn
Immunoglobulin are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells)
ĭm-ū-nō-GLŎB-ū-lĭn
Leukapheresis is a procedure used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or patients with very high white blood cell counts
loo-kă-fĕ-RĒ-sĭs
Leukocytes are colorless cells that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease
LOO-kō-sīt
Leukopenia is a condition where the body doesn't have enough disease-fighting leukocytes in the blood
loo-kō-PĒ-nē-ă
A Lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system
LĬM-fō-sīt
Macrocytosis is a term used to describe red blood cells that are larger than normal
măk-rō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
Macrophage is a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection
MĂK-rō-făj
Megakaryocyte are the hematologic progenitors that give rise to platelets in the bone marrow when associated with endothelial structures.
mĕg-ă-KĀR-ē-ō-sīt
Microcytosis describes red blood cells that are smaller than normal
mī-krō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
Monoblast is a large immature monocyte normally found in bone marrow
MŎN-ō-blăst
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell (leukocytes) that reside in your blood and tissues to find and destroy germs (viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa) and eliminate infected cells
MŎN-ō-sīt
Mononuclear means having one nucleus in a cell
mŏn-ō-NŪ-klē-ăr
Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
mŏr-FŎL-ō-jē
Myeloblast is a immature blood cell, found in bone marrow, that gives rise to white blood cells of the granulocytic series
MĪ-ĕ-lō-blăst
Myelodysplasia are a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature or become healthy blood cells
MĪ-ĕ-lō-dĭs-PLĀ-zhē-ă
Myeloid Cells are differentiated descendants from common progenitors derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
MĪ-ĕ-loyd
Myelopoiesis generally refers to the production of leukocytes in blood
mī-ĕ-lō-poy-Ē-sĭs
Neutropenia occurs when you have too few neutrophils, a type of white blood cells
noo-trō-PĒ-nē-ă
Neutrophil are a type of white blood cell (leukocytes) that act as your immune system's first line of defense
NOO-trō-fĭl
Neutrophilia is defined as a higher neutrophil count in the blood than the normal reference range of absolute neutrophil count
noo-trō-FĬL-ē-ă
Pancytopenia involves having low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
păn-sī-tō-PĒ-nē-ă
Phagocyte is a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.
FĂG-ō-sīt
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood
PLĂZ-mă
Plasmapheresis is a therapeutic intervention that involves extracorporeal removal, return, or exchange of blood plasma or components
plăz-mă-fĕ-RĒ-sĭs
Platelets are a component of blood whose function is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping
PLĀT-lĕt
Plateletpheresis is the standard procedure by which platelets are separated from whole blood, concentrated, and collected
plāt-lĕt-fĕ-RĒ-sĭs
Poikilocytosis refers to an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape that makes up 10% or more of the total population
poy-kĭ-lō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
Polymorphonuclear means having a nucleus with several lobes and a cytoplasm that contains granules
pŏl-ē-mŏr-fō-NŪ-klē-ăr
Prothrombin is a protein made by the liver
prō-THRŎM-bĭn
Reticulocyte are slightly immature red blood cells
rĕ-TĬK-ū-lō-sīt
Rh factor is a protein that can be found on the surface of red blood cells
R-h FĂK-tŏr
Serum is an amber-colored, protein-rich liquid that separates out when blood coagulates
SĔ-rŭm
Sideropenia refers to the condition of too little iron in the body.
sĭd-ĕr-ō-PĒ-nē-ă
Spherocytosis refers to an inherited blood disorder
sfĕr-ō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
Stem Cells are the body's raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated
STĔM sĕl
Thrombin is an enzyme in blood plasma which causes the clotting of blood by converting fibrinogen to fibrin
THRŎM-bĭn
Thrombocyte is another word for platelet
THRŎM-bō-sīt
Thrombocytopenia is a condition that occurs when the platelet count in your blood is too low
thrŏm-bō-sī-tō-PĒ-nē-ă
Thrombolytic Therapy is the use of medications to destroy blood clots or prevent new blood clots from forming
thrŏm-bō-LĬ-tĭk THĔR-ă-pē
Thrombosis occurs when blood clots block veins or arteries
thrŏm-BŌ-sĭs
PART TWO:
Term
Pronunciation
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia is type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells
ă-KŪT LĬM-fōyd loo-KĒ-mē-ă
Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow with excess immature white blood cells
ă-KŪT MĪ-ĕ-lōyd loo-KĒ-mē-ă
Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood produces a lower-than-normal amount of healthy red blood cells
ă-NĒ-mē-ă
Antiglobulin Test is used to detects antibodies that are stuck to the surface of the red blood cells
ăn-tē-GLŎB-ū-lĭn tĕst
Apheresis is the removal of blood plasma from the body by the withdrawal of blood
ă-fĕ-RĒ-sĭs
Aplastic Anemia is a rare but serious blood condition that occurs when your bone marrow cannot make enough new blood cells for your body to work normally
ā-PLĂS-tĭk ă-NĒ-mē-ă
Autologous Transfusion is the collection and reinfusion of the patient's own blood
ăw-TŎL-ō-gŭs trăns-FŪ-zhŭn
Bleeding Time is used to evaluate how well a person's blood is clotting
BLĒ-dĭng tīm
Blood Transfusion s generally the process of receiving blood or blood products intravenously
blŭd trăns-FŪ-zhŭn
Bone Marrow Biopsy is specially designed to collect a core (cylindrical sample) of bone marrow
Bōn MĂ-rō BĪ-ŏp-sē
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
KRŎ-nĭk LĬM-fōyd loo-KĒ-mē-ă
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is a slowly progressing and uncommon type of blood-cell cancer that begins in the bone marrow.
KRŎ-nĭk MĪ-ĕ-lōyd loo-KĒ-mē-ă
Coagulation Time measures only how long it takes for a blood clot to form
kō-ăg-ū-LĀ-shŭn tīm
Complete Blood Count is used to look at overall health and find a wide range of conditions
kŏm-PLĒT blŭd kount
Dyscrasia is an abnormal or disordered state of the body or of a bodily part.
dĭs-KRĀ-zē-ă
Ecchymoses is a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising.
ĕk-kĭ-MŌ-sēs
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate is the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend in a standardized tube over a period of one hour
ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt sĕd-ĭ-mĕn-TĀ-shŭn rāt
Granulocytosis occurs when there are too many granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood
grăn-ū-lō-sī-TŌ-sis
Hematocrit is the percentage by volume of red cells in your blood
hē-MĂT-ō-krĭt
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant is a treatment used in some types of cancer particularly malignancies of the blood
hē-mă-tō-poy-Ĕ-tĭk stĕm sĕl TRĂNS-plănt
Hemochromatosis is a disorder in which the body can build up too much iron in the skin, heart, liver, pancreas, pituitary gland, and joints
hē-mō-krō-mă-TŌ-sĭs
A Hemoglobin Test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood
HĒ-mō-glō-bĭn tĕst
Hemolytic Anemia is a common blood disorder that occurs when the body has fewer red blood cells than normal
hē-mō-LĬ-tĭk ă-NĒ-mē-ă
Hemophilia is usually an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn't clot properly
hē-mō-FĬL-ē-ă
Intrinsic Factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) located at the gastric body and fundus
ĭn-TRĬN-sĭk FĂK-tŏr
Leukemia is a broad term for cancers of the blood cells
loo-KĒ-mē-ă
Mononucleosis is a viral infection that causes a sore throat and fever
mŏ-nō-nū-klē-Ō-sĭs
Multiple Myeloma is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell
MŬL-tĭ-pl mī-ĕ-LŌ-mă
Palliative is to relieve symptoms without dealing with the cause of the condition.
PĂL-ē-ă-tĭv
Pernicious Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12
pĕr-NĬSH-ŭs ă-NĒ-mē-ă
Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots that form on the skin
pĕ-TĒ-kē-ā
Platelet Count tells the number of platelets
PLĀT-lĕt kount
Polycythemia Vera is a rare blood disorder in which there is an increase in all blood cells, particularly red blood cells
pŏl-ē-sī-THĒ-mē-ă VĔR-ă
Prothrombin Time test measures how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample
prō-THRŎM-bĭn tīm
Purpura is purple spots or patches on your skin or in your mucus membranes
PŬR-pū-ră
Red Blood Cell Count is the number of red blood cells in the body
Rĕd blŭd Sĕl kount
Red Blood Cell Morphology is evaluated in terms of size, shape, color, distribution and intra cytoplasmic inclusions
Rĕd blŭd sĕl mŏr-FŎL-ō-jē
Relapse means a deterioration in someone's state of health after a temporary improvement
RĒ-lăps
Remission is the disappearance of the signs and symptoms of cancer or other disease
rē-MĬSH-ŭn
Sickle Cell Anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders
SĬK-l sĕl ă-NĒ-mē-ă
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin
thāl-ă-SĒ-mē-ă
White Blood Cell Count is the amount of white blood cells in the body
Wīt blŭd sĕl kount
White Blood Cell Differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood
Wīt blŭd sĕl dĭ-fĕr-ĔN-shŭ
Chapter 14 - Pronunciation of Terms
Adaptive Immunity is the basis for effective immunization and involves immune responses that are specific to an antigen
ă-DĀP-tĭv ĭ-MŪ-nĭ-tē
Adenoids are a patch of tissue that sit in the back of the nasal cavity
ĂD-ĕ-noydz
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction
ăn-ă-fă-LĂK-sĭs
Antibodies are a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
ĂN-tĭ-bŏ-dē
Antigens are a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies
ĂN-tĭ-jĕn
Asplenia means the absence of a spleen
ā-SPLĒN-ē-ă
Autoimmune Disease is when your immune system attacks the healthy cells of your organs and tissues by mistake
aw-tō-ĭ-MŪN dĭ-ZĒZ
Axillary Nodes are the lymph nodes in the underarm
ĂKS-ĭ-lăr-ē nōdz
B cell are a type of white blood cell that makes infection-fighting proteins called antibodies
B sĕl
Cell-mediated Immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophages and NK-cells
Sĕl mē-dē-Ā-tĕd ĭ-MŪN-ĭ-tē
Cervical Nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck.
SĔR-vĭ-kl nōdz
Complement System is part of your immune system that defends your body against injury and foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses that can make you sick
CŎM-plĕ-mĕnt SĭS-tĕm
Cytokines are small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells
SĪ-tō-kĭnz
Cytotoxic T cell destroy cells infected with viruses
sī-tō-TŎK-sĭk T sĕl
Dendritic Cells are professional antigen presenting cells that inform the fight against invasive pathogens while enforcing tolerance to self and harmless environmental antigens
dĕn-DRĬ-tĭk sĕl
Helper T cells sense an infection, and activate other immune cells to fight it
HĔL-pĕr T sĕl
Humoral Immunity is an aspect of specific immune responses directed at particular antigens
HŪ-mĕr-ăl ĭm-MŪN-ĭ-tē
Hypersplenism is an overactive spleen
hī-pĕr-SPLĔN-ĭzm
Immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process
ĭm-MŪN-ĭ-tē
Immunoglobulins are large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses
ĭm-ū-nō-GLŎB-ū-lĭnz
Immunosuppression is the partial or complete suppression of the immune response of an individual
ĭm-ū-nō-sŭ-PRĔ-shŭn
Immunotherapy is treatment that uses a person's own immune system to fight cancer
ĭ-mū-nō-THĔR-ă-pē
Inguinal Nodes are a part of your lymphatic system and work with your immune system to fight disease and infection
ĬNG-gwĭ-năl nōd
Interferons are proteins that tell your immune system that germs or cancer cells are in your body
ĭn-tĕr-FĔR-ŏnz
Interleukins are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells
ĭn-tĕr-LOO-kĭnz
Interstitial Fluid is the body fluid between blood vessels and cells
ĭn-tĕr-STĬSH-ăl FLOO-ĭd
Lymph is a clear-to-white fluid made of White blood cells
lĭmf
Lymphadenitis is the medical term for enlargement in one or more lymph nodes, usually due to infection
lĭm-FĂH-dĕ-nī-tĭs
Lymphadenopathy refers to the swelling of lymph nodes
lĭm-făd-ĕ-NŎP-ăh-thē
Lymph Capillaries are tiny vessels found in the tissues of most organs in the body
Lĭmf KĂP-ĭ-lă-rēz
Lymphedema is swelling due to build-up of lymph fluid in the body
lĭmf-ĕ-DĒ-mă
Lymph Nodes are small lumps of tissue that contain white blood cells
Lĭmf nōd
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system
LĬM-fō-sītz
Lymphocytosis is an increase in lymphocytes
lĭm-fō-sī-TŌ-sĭs
Lymphocytopenia is a disorder in which your blood doesn't have enough lymphocytes
lĭm-fō-sī-tō-PĒ-nē-ă
Lymphoid Organs filter and trap invading pathogens and present them to immune competent cells
LĬM-foid ŎR-gănz
Lymphopoiesis refers to the production of new lymphocytes
lĭm-fō-poy-Ē-sĭs
Lymph Vessels are tubes that carry lymph through the body to lymph nodes and back to veins
Lĭmf VĔS-ĕl
Macrophage is a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection.
MĂK-rō-făj
Mediastinal Nodes are lymph nodes located in the mediastinum
mē-dē-ăs-TĪ-năl nōdz
Mesenteric Nodes are the “first pass” organ for nutrients and microbial substances entering the lymph fluid in the intestinal lamina propria
mĕs-ĕn-TĔR-ĭk nōdz
Monoclonal Antibody are immune system proteins that are created in the lab
mŏn-ō-KLŌ-năl ĂN-tĭ-bŏd-ē
Natural Immunity is acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease
NĂ-tū-răl ĭm-MŪ-nĭ-tē
Paraaortic Nodes lie between the renal veins and the bifurcation of the aorta into the common iliac arteries, including the aortocaval area and paravertebral plane
pă-ră-Ā-ŏr-tĭk nōdz
Plasma Cells are differentiated B-lymphocyte white blood cells capable of secreting immunoglobulin
PLĂZ-mă sĕl
Right Lymphatic Duct is a terminal lymphatic vessel located in the neck, anterior to the anterior scalene muscle
Rīt lĭm-FĂ-tĭk dŭkt
The Spleen is a fist-sized organ in the upper left side of your abdomen, next to your stomach and behind your left ribs
splēn
Splenectomy is surgery to remove a diseased or damaged spleen
splĕ-NĔK-tō-mē
Splenomegaly s an enlargement of the spleen
splĕ-nō-MĔG-ă-lē
Suppressor T cells play important roles in the regulation of immune responses and the mediation of dominant immunologic tolerance.
sŭ-PRĔ-sŏr T sĕl
T cells are a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes
T sĕl
Thoracic Duct is the main vessel of the lymphatic system, passing upward in front of the spine and draining into the left innominate vein near the base of the neck
thō-RĂ-sĭk dŭkt
Thymectomy is the resection of the thymus gland
thī-MĔK-tō-mē
Thymus Gland trains special white blood cells called T-lymphocytes or T-cells
THĪ-mŭs glănd
Tolerance is the ability or willingness to tolerate something
TŎL-ĕr-ăntz
Tonsils refers to either of two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat,
TŎN-sĭlz
Toxic means poisonous
TŎK-sĭk
Toxin is an antigenic poison or venom of plant or animal origin
TŎK-sĭn
Vaccination is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease
văk-sĭ-NĀ-shŭn
Vaccine is a substance used to stimulate immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen
văk-SĒN
PART TWO:
Term
Pronunciation
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
ă-KWĪRD ĭm-ū-nō-dĕ-FĬSHĕn-sē SĬN-drōm
Allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction
ĂL-ĕr-jĕn
Allergy occurs when the body's immune system sees a substance as harmful and overreacts to it
ĂL-ĕr-jē
Atopy refers to the genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis
ĂT-ō-pē
CD4+ cell are T helper cells
CD4 PŎS-ĭ-tĭv sĕl
ELISA is a plate-based assay technique designed for detecting and quantifying soluble substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones
ĕ-LĪ-ză
Hodgkin Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting immune system
HŎJ-kĭn lĭm-FŌ-mă
Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus that attacks the body's immune system
HŪ-măn ĭm-ū-nō-dĕ-FĬSH-ĕn-sē VĪ-rŭs
Immunoelectrophoresis is a lab test that measures proteins called immunoglobulins in the blood
ĭm-ū-nō-ē-lĕk-trō-phŏr-Ē-sĭs
Kaposi Sarcoma is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the skin or mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus, including the stomach and intestines
KĂ-pō-sē (or kă-PŌS-sē) săr-KŌ-mă
Lymphoma is a broad term for cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system
lĭm-FŌ-mă
Multiple Myeloma is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell
MŬLT-ĭ-bl mī-ĕ-LŌ-mă
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymph system
nŏn-HŎJ-kĭn lĭm-FŌ-ma
Opportunistic Infections are infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems
ŏp-pŏr-tū-NĬS-tĭk ĭn-FĔK-shŭnz
Protease Inhibitors are medications that treat viral infections
PRŌ-tē-ās ĭn-HĬB-ĭ-tŏrz
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors are medications used in the management and treatment of HIV
rē-VĔRS-trăns-SCRĬPT-āz ĭn-HĬB-ĭ-tŏrz
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease is a group of rare disorders caused by mutations in different genes involved in the development and function of infection-fighting immune cells
sĕ-VĒR kŏm-BĪND ĭm-ū-nō-dĕ-FĬSH-ĕn-sē dĭ-ZĒZ
Thymoma are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the thymus
thī-MŌ-mă
Viral Load Test is a blood test that measures the amount of HIV in a sample of your blood
Vī-răl lōd tĕst
Wasting Syndrome is defined as progressive involuntary weight loss of >10% of baseline body weight in the setting of a chronic infection and/or chronic diarrhea, and it has distinct features
WĀST-ĭng SĬN-drōm
Western blot is a laboratory technique used to detect a specific protein in a blood or tissue sample
WĔS-tĕrn blŏt
Chapter 15 - Pronunciation of Terms
Acetabular refers to anything relating to a cup-shaped structure, especially the socket of the hip bone
ă-cĕ-TĂB-ū-lăr
Acetabulum refers to the socket of the hipbone
ăs-ĕ-TĂB-ū-lŭm
Acromion is the bony tip of the outer edge of your shoulder blade
ă-KRŌ-mē-ŏn
Articular Cartilage is a complex, living tissue that lines the bony surface of joints
ăr-TĬK-ū-lăr KĂR-tĭ-lăj
Bone refers to any of the pieces of hard whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other vertebrates
BŌN
Bone Depressions are a dent or superficial hole
BŌN dē-PRĔ-shŭns
Bone Processes are a bulging bony outgrowth of a larger bone
BŌN PRĂ-sĕs-ĕz
Calcaneal refers to the heel bone
kăl-KĀ-nē-ăl
Calcaneus is the large bone that forms the heel
kăl-KĀ-nē-ŭs
Calcium is a soft gray metal found on the periodic table
KĂL-sē-ŭm
Cancellous Bone is characterized by its spongy, porous, honeycomb-like structure and is typically found at the ends of long bones
KĂN-sĕ-lŭs bōn
Carpals refers to any of the carpal bones
KĂR-pălz
Cartilage is a firm, whitish, flexible connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract
KĂR-tĭ-lăj
Cervical Vertebrae are seven bones that form the cervical spine from the base of the skull down to the top of the shoulders
SĔR-vĭ-kăl VĔR-tĕ-brā
Chondrocostal refers to anything of or relating to the costal cartilages and the ribs
kŏn-drō-KŎS-tăl
Clavicle is another word for collarbone
KLĂV-ĭ-kl
Coccyx is a small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes
KŎK-sĭks
Collagen is the main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues, widely used in purified form for cosmetic surgical treatments
KŎL-ă-jĕn
Compact Bone is a hard, solid osseous tissue found in the cortex of all bones
KŎM-păkt bōn
Cranial Bones are the eight bones surrounding the brain
KRĀ-nē-ăl bōnz
Craniotome is a tool for drilling simple burr holes or for creating larger openings in the skull
KRĀ-nē-ō-tōm
Craniotomy is a surgical opening into the skull
krā-nē-ŎT-ō-mē
Crepitus is a grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone
KRĔP-ĭ-tŭs
Decalcification occurs when calcium and phosphorous minerals are removed from the tooth surface
dē-kăl-sĭ-fĭ-KĀ-shŭn
Diaphysis is the shaft or central part of a long bone.
dī-ĂF-ĭ-sĭs
Epiphyseal Plate consists of a layer of cartilage present only during the growth period and vanishes soon after puberty in long bones
ĕp-ĭ-FĬZ-ē-ăl plāt
Epiphysis is the end part of a long bone
ĕ-PĬF-ĭ-sĭs
Ethmoid Bone is a square bone at the root of the nose
ĔTH-moyd bōn
Ewing Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that occurs in bones or in the soft tissue around the bones
Ū-ĭng săr-KŌ-mă
Exostosis is an extra growth of bone that extends outward from an existing bone
ĕk-sŏs-TŌ-sĭs
Facial Bones are the bones that make up the face
FĀ-shăl bōnz
Femoral refers to anything relating to the femur or the thigh
FĔM-ŏr-ăl
Femur is the bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee
FĒ-mŭr
Fibula is the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans
FĬB-ū-lă
Fibular refers to anything relating to the fibula
FĬB-ū-lăr
Fontanelle is a space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus
fŏn-tă-NĔL
Foramen Magnum is the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes
fōr-Ā-mĕn MĂG-nŭm
Frontal Bone is the bone which forms the front part of the skull and the upper part of the eye sockets
FRŎN-tăl bōn
Haversian Canals are any of the minute tubes which form a network in bone and contain blood vessels
hă-VĔR-shăn kă-NĂLZ
Humeral refers to anything relating to the humerus
HŪ-mĕr-ăl
Humerus is the bone of the upper arm or forelimb, forming joints at the shoulder and the elbow
HŪ-mĕr-ŭs
Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal
hī-pĕr-kăl-SĒ-mē-ă
Iliac refers to anything relating to the ilium
ĬL-ē-ăk
Ilium is the large broad bone forming the upper part of each half of the pelvis
ĬL-ē-ŭm
Ischial is the dorsal and posterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis
ĬSH-ē-ăl or ĬS-kē-ăl
Ischium is the curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis
ĬSH-ē-ŭm or ĬS-kē-ŭm
Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the spine
kī-FŌ-sĭs
Lacrimal Bones are small bones that form part of the eye socket
LĂ-krĭ-măl bōnz
Lamina is a thin layer, plate, or scale of sedimentary rock, organic tissue, or other material
LĂM-ĭ-nă
Laminectomy is a type of surgery in which a surgeon removes part or all of the vertebral bone
lăm-ĭ-NĔK-tō-mē
Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the spine
lŏr-DŌ-sĭs
Lumbar Vertebrae consists of the five bones (vertebra) in your lower back
LŬM-băr VĔR-tĕ-brā
Lumbosacral refers to anything of, relating to, or being the lumbar and sacral regions or parts
lŭm-bō-SĀ-krăl
Malleolar refers to anything relating to the malleolus
mă-LĒ-ō-lăr
Malleolus is a bony projection with a shape likened to a hammer head
măl-LĒ-ō-lŭs
Mandible is the jaw or jawbone
MĂN-dĭ-bl
Mandibular refers to anything pertaining to or of the nature of a mandible
măn-DĬB-ū-lăr
Manubrium is a handle-shaped projection or part
mă-NŪ-brē-ŭm
The mastoid process is a conical prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, to which neck muscles are attached, and which has air spaces linked to the middle ear
MĂS-toyd PRŎS-ĕs
Medullary Cavity is the hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow
MĔD-ū-lăr-ē KĂ-vĭ-tē
Metacarpals refers to any of the five bones of the hand
mĕt-ă-KĂR-pălz
Metacarpectomy is a surgical excision or resection of one or more metacarpal bones.
mĕt-ă-kăr-PĔK-tō-mē
Metaphysis is the neck portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
mĕ-TĂ-fĭ-sĭs
Metatarsalgia is a condition in which the ball of your foot becomes painful and inflamed
mĕt-ă-tăr-SĂL-jă
Metatarsals refers to any of the bones of the foot
mĕt-ă-TĂR-sălz
Myelopoiesis refers to the production of leukocytes in blood
mī-ĕ-lō-poy-Ē-sĭs
Nasal Bones are a small, flat bone of the skull
NĀ-zăl bōnz
Occipital Bone is the bone that forms the back and base of the skull
ŏk-SĬP-ĭ-tăl bōn
Olecranal the large process of the ulna that projects behind the elbow, forms the bony prominence of the elbow
ō-LĔK-ră-năl
Olecranon is the bony prominence of the elbow
ō-LĔK-ră-nŏn
Orthopedics is the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles
ŏr-thō-PĒ-dĭks
Osseous Tissue is the structure providing, hard and mineralized connective tissues
ŎS-ē-ŭs TĬSH-ū
Ossification refers to soft tissues becoming calcified and hardened
ŏs-ĭ-fĭ-KĀ-shŭn
Osteitis refers to inflammation of the substance of a bone
ŏs-tē-Ī-tĭs
Osteoblast is a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation
ŎS-tē-ō-blăst
Osteoclast is a large multinucleate bone cell which absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing
ŎS-tē-ō-klăst
Osteodystrophy is a medical term used to describe abnormal changes in the growth and formation of bone
ŏs-tē-ō-DĬS-trō-fē
Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a genetic or heritable disease in which bones fracture or break easily, often with no obvious cause or minimal injury
ŏs-tē-ō-JĔN-ĕ-sĭs ĭm-pĕr-FĔK-tă
Osteogenic Sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones
ŏs-tē-ō-JĔN-ĭk săr-KŌ-mă
Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones
ŏs-tē-ō-mă-LĀ-shă
Osteomyelitis is inflammation or swelling that occurs in the bone
ŏs-tē-ō-mī-ĕ-LĪ-tĭs
Osteopenia is a condition that begins as you lose bone mass and your bones get weaker
ŏs-tē-ō-PĒ-nē-ă
Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue
ŏs-tē-ō-pŏr-Ō-sĭs
Osteotome is a surgical instrument for cutting bone, typically resembling a chisel
ŎS-tē-ō-tōm
Parietal Bone is a bone forming the central side and upper back part of each side of the skull
pă-RĪ-ĕ-tăl bōn
Patella is another word for the kneecap
pă-TĔL-ă
Pelvimetry is a measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis, mainly used for checking if a woman can birth during a cesarean section
pĕl-VĬM-ĕ-trē
Periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints
pĕ-rē-ŎS-tē-ŭm
Peroneal refers to anything relating to or situated in the outer side of the calf of the leg
pĕr-ō-NĒ-ăl
Phalangeal refers to relating to a phalanx or the phalanges
fă-lăn-JĒ-ăl
Phalanges refers to a bone of the finger or toe
fă-LĂN-jēz
Phosphorus is a poisonous, combustible nonmetal
FŎS-fō-rŭs
Physiatrist are medical doctors who have gone through medical school and have completed training in the specialty field of physical medicine and rehabilitation
fĭ-ZĪ-ă-trĭst
Pubic Symphysis is a joint sandwiched between your left pelvic bone and your right pelvic bone
PŪ-bĭk SĬM-fĭ-sĭs
Pubis refers to either of a pair of bones forming the two sides of the pelvis
PŪ-bĭs
Radial refers to anything relating to the radius
RĀ-dē-ăl
Radius refers to the smaller of the two bones of the forearm
RĀ-dē-ŭs
Red Bone Marrow is the spongy tissue in the bones that makes blood cells
Rĕd bōn MĂ-rō
Reduction is the action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount
rĕ-DŬK-shŭn
Ribs refers to each of a series of slender curved bones articulated in pairs to the spine
rĭbz
Sacral Vertebrae form the posterior pelvic wall and strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis
SĀ-krăl VĔR-tĕ-brā
Scapula is another word for shoulder blade
SKĂP-ū-lă
Scapular refers to anything relating to the shoulder or shoulder blade
SKĂP-ŭ-lăr
Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine
skō-lē-Ō-sĭs
Sella Turcica is a depression in the sphenoid bone, containing the pituitary gland
SĔ-lă TŬR-sĭ-kă
Sinus is a cavity within a bone or other tissue
SĪ-nŭs
Sphenoid Bone is a compound bone that forms the base of the cranium
SFĔ-noyd bōn
Spondylolisthesis is where one of the bones in the spine (vertebra) slips forward
spŏn-dĭ-lō-lĭs-THĒ-sĭs
Spondylosis is a condition in which there is abnormal wear on the cartilage and bones of the neck
spŏn-dĭ-LŌ-sĭs
Sternum also known as the breastbone
STĔR-nŭm
Styloid Process is a slender projection of bone
STĪ-loyd PRŎS-ĕs
Subcostal means beneath or below the ribs
sŭb-KŎS-tăl
Supraclavicular refers to anything related to the area above the clavicle
sŭ-pră-klă-VĬK-ū-lăr
Suture is an immovable junction between two bones
SŪ-tŭr
Talipes is another word for club foot
TĂL-ĭ-pēz
Tarsals are bones of the tarsus
TĂR-sălz
Tarsectomy is the operation of removing one or more of the bones of the tarsus
tăr-SĔK-tō-mē
Temporal Bone refers to either of a pair of bones which form part of the side of the skull on each side and enclose the middle and inner ear
TĔM-pōr-ăl bōn
Temporomandibular Joint is the hinge joint between the temporal bone and the lower jaw
tĕm-pŏr-ō-măn-DĬB-ŭ-lăr joynt
Thoracic Vertebrae supports the chest and abdomen
thō-RĂS-ĭk VĔR-tĕ-brā
Tibia refers to the inner and typically larger of the two bones between the knee and the ankle
TĬB-ē-ă
Tibial refers to anything of, relating to, or located near a tibia
TĬB-ē-ăl
Trabeculae refers to each of a series or group of partitions formed by bands or columns of connective tissue
tră-BĔK-ū-lē
Ulna refers to the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm
ŬL-nă
Ulnar refers to anything of or relating to the ulna
ŬL-năr
Vertebra; Vertebrae refers to each of the series of small bones forming the backbone
VĔR-tĕ-bră; VĔR-tĕ-brā
Vertebroplasty is a procedure in which a special cement is injected into a fractured vertebra
vĕr-TĒ-brō-plăs-tē
Vomer refers to the small, thin bone separating the left and right nasal cavities in humans and most vertebrates
VŌ-mĕr
Xiphoid Process is the cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum
ZĬF-oyd PRŎS-ĕs
Yellow Bone Marrow produces cartilage, fat and bone.
YĔ-lō bōn MĂ-rō
Zygomatic Bones are the bones that forms the prominent part of the cheek and the outer side of the eye socket
zī-gō-MĂ-tĭk bōnz
PART TWO:
Term
Pronunciation
Abduction is the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part
ăb-DŬK-shŭn
Achondroplasia impairs the growth of bone in the limbs and causes abnormal growth in the spine and skull
ā-kŏn-drō-PLĀ-zē-ă
Adduction is the movement of a limb or other part toward the midline of the body or toward another part
ă-DŬK-shŭn
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a fatal type of motor neuron disease
ā-mī-ō-TRŌ-fĭk LĂT-ĕr-ăl sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs
Ankylosing Spondylitis is an inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some of the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, to fuse
ăng-kĭ-LŌ-sĭng spŏn-dĭ-LĪ-tĭs
Ankylosis refers to abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones
ăng-kĭ-LŌ-sĭs
Arthrodesis refers to surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones
ăr-thrō-DĒ-sĭs
Arthrotomy is a surgical procedure that requires surgically opening a joint
ăr-THRŎT-ō-mē
Articular Cartilage is a complex, living tissue that lines the bony surface of joints
ăr-TĬK-ū-lăr KĂR-tĭ-lĭj
Articulation is the state of being jointed
ăr-tĭk-ū-LĀ-shŭn
Atrophy is when a body tissue or organ wastes away due to degeneration of cells
ĂT-rō-fē
Bunion is a painful swelling on the first joint of the big toe
BŬN-yŭn
Bursa; Bursae is a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity
BŬR-să; BŬR-sē
Bursitis means inflammation of a bursa
bŭr-SĪ-tis
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common neurological disorder that occurs when the median nerve becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist
KĂR-păl TŬN-nĕl SĬN-drōm
Chondromas are benign (not cancerous) tumors made of cartilage that are found mostly in the small bones of the hand and feet
kŏn-DRŌ-mă
Chondromalacia is an affliction of the hyaline cartilage coating of the articular surfaces of the bone
kŏn-drō-mă-LĀ-shă
Dislocation refers to a movement from the original place or state
dĭs-lō-KĀ-shŭn
Dorsiflexion is the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot
dŏr-sē-FLĔK-shŭn
Extension is the action of moving a limb from a bent to a straight position
ĕk-STĔN-shŭn
Fascia is a thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ
FĂSH-ē-ă
Fasciotomy is a procedure in which the fascia is cut to relieve pressure in the muscle compartment
făsh-e-ŎT-tō-mē
Fibromyalgia is a chronic (long-lasting) disorder that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body, as well as fatigue and trouble sleeping
fī-brō-mī-ĂL-jă
Flexion is the action of bending or the condition of being bent
FLĔK-shŭn
A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled lump under the skin
GĂNG-lē-ŏn sĭst
Gouty Arthritis is inflammation of the joints
GŎW-tē ăr-THRĪ-tĭs
Hemarthrosis is a condition of articular bleeding, that is into the joint cavity
hĕm-ăr-THRŌ-sĭs
Herniation of a Intervertebral Disk is a fragment of the disc nucleus that is pushed out of the annulus, into the spinal canal through a tear or rupture in the annulus
hĕr-nē-Ā-shŭn of a ĭn-tĕrvĕr-TĒ-brăl dĭsk
Hydrarthrosis is a chronic condition of unknown cause characterized by recurring, temporary episodes of fluid accumulation (effusion) in the knee
hī-drăr-THRŌ-sĭs
Hypertrophy is the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells
hī-PĔR-trō-fē
Hyperuricemia is when you have too much uric acid in your blood
hī-pĕr-ŭr-ĭ-SĒ-mē-ă
Leiomyomas are noncancerous monoclonal tumors arising from the smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts of the myometrium
lī-ō-mī-Ō-mă
Leiomyosarcoma is a type of rare cancer that grows in the smooth muscles
lī-ō-mī-ō-săr-KŌ-mă
Ligament is a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint
LĬG-ă-mĕnt
Ligamentous refers to anything relating to the ligaments
lĭg-ă-MĔN-tŭs
Lyme Disease is a tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorfer
līm dĭ-ZĒZ
Meniscus is the curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube
mĕ-NĬS-kŭs
Muscular Dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass
MŬS-kū-lăr DĬS-trŏ-fē
Myalgia refers to pain in a muscle or group of muscles
mī-ĂL-jă
Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles
mī-ăs-THĒ-nē-ă GRĂ-vis
Myopathy is a general term referring to any disease that affects the muscles that control voluntary movement in the body
mī-ŎP-ă-thē
Myositis is a rare group of diseases characterized by inflamed muscles, which can cause prolonged muscle fatigue and weakness
mī-ō-SĪ-tĭs
Osteoarthritis is degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone
ŏs-tē-ō-ăr-THRĪ-tĭs
Plantar Flexion refers to the movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body
PLĂN-tăr FLĔK-shun
Podagra means gout of the foot
pō-DĂG-ră
Polyarthritis is a term used when at least five joints are affected with arthritis
pŏl-ē-ărth-RĪ-tĭs
Polymyalgia is an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips
pŏl-ē-mī-ĂL-jă
Polymyositis is a disease that causes muscles to become irritated and inflamed
pŏl-ē-mī-ō-SĪ-tĭs
Pronation refers to the way your foot rolls inward for impact distribution upon landing
prō-NĀ-shŭn
Pyrexia means raised body temperature
pī-RĔK-sē-ă
Rhabdomyoma is a noncancerous (benign) tumor that typically grows in clusters in the heart
răb-dō-mī-Ō-mă
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a primitive pediatric malignant soft tissue sarcoma of skeletal muscle phenotype that originates from a primitive mesenchymal cell
răb-dō-mī-ō-săr-KŌ-mă
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease
ROO-mă-toyd ăr-THRĪ-tĭs
A Rheumatologist is a doctor with specialized training in inflammatory (rheumatic) disease
roo-mă-TŎL-ō-jĭst
Rotation refers to movement that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body
rō-TĀ-shŭn
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle tissue as a natural part of the aging process
săr-kō-PĒ-nē-ă
Spinal Stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower part of your back
SPĪ-năl stĕ-NŌ-sĭs
Sprain is a wrench or twist the ligaments of (an ankle, wrist, or other joint) violently so as to cause pain and swelling but not dislocation
sprān
Strain is a force tending to pull or stretch something to an extreme or damaging degree
strān
Striated Muscle is muscle tissue where the contractile fibrils in the cells are aligned in parallel bundles, so that their different regions form stripes visible in a microscope
STRĪ-ā-tĕd MŬS-l
Subluxation is a partial dislocation
sŭb-lŭk-SĀ-shŭn
Supination is when a hand, foot or limb is turned or held so that the palm or sole is facing upward or outward
sū-pĭ-NĀ-shŭn
Suture Joint is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull
SŪ-chŭr joint
Synovial Cavity is filled with synovial fluid
sĭ-NŌ-vē-ăl KĂV-ĭ-tē
Synovial Fluid is a thick liquid located between the joints
sĭ-NŌ-vē-ăl FLOO-ĭd
Synovial Joint is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule
sĭ-NŌ-vē-ăl joint
Synovial Membrane is a thin barrier that lines the inside of some of your joints
sĭ-NŌ-vē-ăl MĔM-brān
Synovitis is when the synovium of a joint becomes inflamed
sĭn-ō-VĪ-tĭs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs
sĭs-TĔM-ĭk LOO-pŭs ĕ-rĭ-thĕ-mă-TŌ-sŭs
Tendinitis is inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone
tĕn-dĭ-NĪ-tĭs
Tendon is a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
TĔN-dŭn
Tenorrhaphy is a surgery for the union of torn or divided tendons by means of sutures
tĕn-ŎR-ă-fē
Tenosynovitis is a broad term describing the inflammation of the fluid-filled synovium within the tendon sheath
tĕn-ō-sī-nō-VĪ-tĭs
Visceral Muscles are any of the muscles that work automatically and are found in the organs of the body such as the stomach and lungs
VĬS-ĕr-ăl MŬS-l
PART THREE:
Term
Pronunciation
Antinuclear Antibody Test is a blood test that looks for antinuclear antibodies in your blood
ăn-tē-NŪ-klē-ăr ĂN-tĭ-bŏd-ē tĕst
Arthrocentesis is a procedure where a doctor uses a needle to take fluid out of a joint
ăr-thrō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Arthrography is a type of imaging test used to look at a joint, such as the shoulder, knee, or hip
ăr-THRŎG-ră-fē
Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint
ăr-thrō-PLĂS-tē
Arthroscopy is a procedure for diagnosing and treating joint problems
ăr-THRŎS-kō-pē
Bone Density Test measures how strong your bones are
Bōn DĔN-sĭ-tē tĕst
Bone Scan is a scan of your bones
Bōn skăn
Diskography is an imaging test used to evaluate back pain
dĭsk-ŎG-ră-fē
Electromyography measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve's stimulation of the muscle
ē-lĕk-trō-mī-ŎG-ră-fē
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate is the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend in a standardized tube over a period of one hour
ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt sĕd-ĭ-mĕn-TĀ-shŭn rāt
Muscle Biopsy is a procedure used to diagnose diseases involving muscle tissue
MŬS-l BĪ-ŏp-sē
Rheumatoid Factor Test measures rheumatoid factors in a sample of your blood
ROO-mă-tŏyd FĂK-tŏr tĕst
Serum Calcium is a blood test to measure the amount of calcium in the blood
SĔR-ŭm KĂL-sē-ŭm tĕst
Serum Creatine Kinase measures the amount of creatine kinase (CK) in a sample of your blood
SĔR-ŭm KRĒ-ă-tĭn KĪ-nās
Uric Acid Test measures the amount of uric acid in a sample of your blood or urine
ŪR-ĭk ĂS-ĭd tĕst
Chapter 16 - Pronunciation of Terms
Adipocyte is a cell specialized for the storage of fat, found in connective tissue
ĂD-ĭ-pō-sīt
Adipose is used for the storage of fat
ĂD-ĭ-pōs
Albinism is an inherited condition that leads to someone having very light skin, hair, and eyes.
ĂL-bĭ-nĭzm
Albino is a person or animal having a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair and eyes
ăl-BĪ-nō
Alopecia is the partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows
ăl-ō-PĒ-shē-ă
Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat
ăn-hī-DRŌ-sĭs
Apocrine Sweat Glands produce viscous, lipid-rich sweat which is for body odor
ĂP-ō-krĭn swĕt glănd
The basal layer is the innermost layer of the epidermis, and contains basal cells
BĀ-săl LĀ-ĕr
Causalgia is severe burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve
kăw-ZĂL-jă
Collagen is the main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues
KŎL-ă-jĕn
Cuticle is a protective and waxy or hard layer covering the epidermis of a plant, invertebrate, or shell
KŪ-tĭ-kl
Dermabrasion is the removal of superficial layers of skin with a rapidly revolving abrasive tool,
dĕrm-ă-BRĀ-zhŭn
Dermatitis is a common condition that causes swelling and irritation of the skin
dĕr-mă-TĪ-tŭs
Dermatologist is a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders
dĕr-mă-TŎL-ō-jĭst
Dermatophytosis is an infection of the hair, skin, or nails caused by a dermatophyte
dĕr-mă-tō-fī-TŌ-sĭs
Dermis means the skin
DĔR-mĭs
Diaphoresis means to sweat to an unusual degree due to a disease or drug
dī-ă-fŏr-RĒ-sĭs
Eccrine Sweat Gland are simple, coiled, tubular glands present throughout the body, most numerous on the soles of the feet
Ĕ-krĭn swĕt glănd
Electrocautery is cautery using a needle or other instrument that is electrically heated
ĕ-lĕk-trō-KĂW-tĕr-ē
Epidermis is the surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis
ĕp-ĭ-DĔR-mĭs
Epidermolysis means loosening of the epidermis
ĕp-ĭ-dĕr-MŎL-ĭ-sĭs
Epithelium is the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body's surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures
ĕp-ĭ-THĒL-ē-ŭm
Erythema refers to superficial reddening of the skin
ĕr-ĭ-THĒ-mă
Erythematous refers to an exhibition of abnormal redness of the skin or mucous membranes due to the accumulation of blood in dilated capillaries
ĕr-ĭ-THĒ-mă-tŭs
A Hair Follicle is a small secretory cavity, sac, or gland
hār FŎL-ĭ-kl
Hypertrichosis is defined as excessive hair growth anywhere on the body in either males or female
hī-pĕr-trĭ-KŌ-sĭs
Ichthyosis refers to a group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red
ĭk-thē-Ō-sĭs
Integumentary System is the set of organs forming the outermost layer of an animal's body
ĭn-tĕg-ū-MĔN-tăr-ē SĬS-tĕm
Keratin is a fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, feathers, hoofs, claws, horns, etc
KĔR-ă-tĭn
Keratosis is a horny growth on the skin
kĕr-ă-TŌ-sĭs
Leukoplakia is a condition that creates white patches on your tongue, gums or the inside of your cheeks
lū-kō-PLĀ-kē-ă
Lipoma is a benign tumor of fatty tissue
lī-PŌ-mă or lĭ-PŌ-mă
Liposuction is a technique in cosmetic surgery for removing excess fat from under the skin by suction
lī-pō-SŬK-shun
Lunula is the white area at the base of a fingernail
LŪ-nū-lă
Melanin is a dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals
MĔL-ă-nĭn
Melanocyte is a mature melanin-forming cell
mĕ-LĂN-ō-sīt
Mycosis is a disease caused by infection with a fungus
mī-KŌ-sĭs
Onycholysis is when your nail separates from its nail bed
ŏn-ĭ-KŎL-ĭ-sĭs
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit
ŏn-ĭ-kō-mī-KŌ-sĭs
Paronychia is an infection of the proximal and lateral fingernails and toenails folds
păr-ō-NĬK-ē-ă
Paronychium a stiff filamentous appendage of the pulvillus of an insect's foot
păr-ŏn-NĬK-ē-um
Pilosebaceous is the main factory for hormone production
pī-lō-sĕ-BĀ-shŭs
Pore is a minute opening in a surface, especially the skin or integument of an organism, through which gasses, liquids, or microscopic particles can pass
PŎR
Pyoderma is a cutaneous infection with pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria
pī-ō-DĔR-mă
Rhytidectomy is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful facial appearance
rĭt-ĭ-DĔK-tō-mē
Sebaceous Gland is a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter into the hair to lubricate the skin and hair
sĕ-BĀ-shŭs glănd
Seborrhea means excessive discharge of sebum from the sebaceous glands
sĕb-ō-RĒ-ă
Seborrheic Dermatitis is a common skin condition that mainly affects your scalp
sĕb-ō-RĒ-ĭk dĕr-mă-TĪ-tĭs
Sebum is an oily secretion of the sebaceous glands
SĒ-bŭm
Squamous Epithelium are large, flattened cells filled with cytoplasm possessing a small round nucleus at the center
SKWĀ-mŭs ĕp-ĭ-THĒ-lē-ŭm
Steatoma is due to an overproduction of sebum by one or more sebaceous glands while the usual outlet is closed
stē-ă-TŌ-mă
Stratified is when something is formed or arranged into strata or layers
STRĂT-ĭ-fīd
Stratum; (pl. Strata) is a layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground
STRĂ-tŭm; STRĂ-tă
Stratum Corneum is the horny outer layer of the skin
STRĂ-tŭm KŎR-nē-ŭm
Subcutaneous Layer is located underneath the dermis and is one of the three layers of the skin
sŭb-kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs LĀ-ĕr
Subungual refers to anything situated or occurring under a fingernail or toenail
sŭb-ŬNG-wăl
Xanthoma is an irregular yellow patch or nodule on the skin, caused by deposition of lipids
zăn-THŌ-mă
Xerosis means dry skin
zĕr-Ō-sĭs
PART TWO:
Term
Pronunciation
Abscess is a swollen area within body tissue, containing an accumulation of pus
ĂB-sĕs
Acne is the occurrence of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin
ĂK-nē
Alopecia Areata is a common autoimmune disease, causing sudden hair loss on the scalp, face, and sometimes other areas of the body
ăl-ō-PĒ-shē-ă ăr-ē-ĂT-ă
Atopic Dermatitis is a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin
ā-TŎP-ĭk dĕr-mă-TĪ-tĭs
Bacterial Analyses is a test to identify whether you have a bacterial infection
băk-TĒR-ē-ăl ă-NĂL-ĭ-sēz
Basal Cell Carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells
BĀ-săl sĕl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Bulla; Bullae is a large blister containing serous fluid
BŬL-ă;BŬL-ē
Burns are an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals
bŭrnz
Callus is a thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue,
KĂL-ŭs
Cellulitis is a deep bacterial infection of the skin
sĕl-ū-LĪ-tĭs
Cicatrix is the scar of a healed wound
SĬK-ă-trĭks
Comedo; Comedones is a term for blackhead
KŎM-ĕ-dō; kŏm-ĕ-DŌNZ
Crust means to form into a hard outer layer
krŭst
Cryosurgery is surgery using the local application of intense cold to destroy unwanted tissue
krī-ō-SŬR-gĕr-ē
Curettage is the use of a curette, especially on the lining of the uterus
kū-rĕ-TOZH
Cyst is a thin-walled, hollow organ or cavity containing a liquid secretion
sĭst
Decubitus Ulcer means bedsore
dē-KŪ-bĭ-tŭs ŬL-sĕr
Dysplastic Nevi is a type of mole that looks different from a common mole
dĭs-PLĂS-tik NĒ-vī
Ecchymosis; Ecchymoses is a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising
ĕk-ĭ-MŌ-sĭs;ĕk-ĭ-MŌ-sēz
Eczema is a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed, with blisters that cause itching and bleeding
ĔK-zĕ-mă
Electrodesiccation is a quick and simple office-based technique where an electrical current is used to remove specific skin lesions
ĕ-lĕk-trō-dĕ-sĭ-KĀ-shun
Erosion is the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents
ĕ-RŌ-zhŭn
Exanthematous Viral Disease is an eruptive skin rash that is often related to a viral infection
ĕg-zăn-THĔM-ă-tŭs VĪ-răl dĭ-ZĒZ
Fissure is a long, narrow opening or line of breakage made by cracking or splitting, especially in rock or earth
FĬSH-ŭr
Fungal Tests are used to detect and identify fungi in order to diagnose infections and help guide their treatment
FŬNG-ăl tĕsts
Gangrene is when there is a localized death and decomposition of body tissue
găng-GRĒN
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection forming pustules and yellow crusty sores
ĭm-pĕ-TĪ-gō
Kaposi Sarcoma is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the skin or mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus, including the stomach and intestines
KĂH-pō-sē săr-KŌ-mă
Keloid is an area of irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar or injury
KĒ-loyd
Macule is a flat, distinct, discolored area of skin
MĂK-ūl
Malignant Melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes
mă-LĬG-nănt mĕ-lă-NŌ-mă
Mohs Surgery is a method for treating skin cancer lesions
Mōz SŬR-jĕ-rē
Nevus; Nevi is a red birthmark or a mole on the skin
NĒ-vŭs; NĒ-vī
Nodule is a small swelling or aggregation of cells in the body, especially an abnormal one
NŎD-ūl
Papule is a small, raised, solid pimple or swelling
PĂP-ūl
Petechia; Petechiae is a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin
pĕ-TĒ-kē-ă; pĕ-TĒ-kē-ī
Pilonidal Cyst is an unusual pocket in the skin that usually contains hair and skin debris
pī-lō-NĪ-dăl sĭst
Polyp is a small growth, usually benign and with a stalk, protruding from a mucous membrane
PŎL-ĭp
Pruritus is a severe itching of the skin
proo-RĪ-tŭs
Psoriasis is a chronic (long-lasting) disease in which the immune system becomes overactive, causing skin cells to multiply too quickly
sō-RĪ-ă-sĭs
Purpura is a rash of purple spots on the skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels
PŬR-pŭr-ă
Pustule is a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus
PŬS-tūl
Rubella is a contagious disease caused by a virus
roo-BĔL-ă
Rubeola is the same as measles
roo-bē-Ō-lă
Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite
SKĀ-bēz
Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and fibrosis (thickening) in the skin and other areas of the body
sklĕr-ō-DĔR-mă
Sebaceous Cysts are typically harmless, slow-growing bumps under the skin
sĕ-BĀ-shŭs sĭst
Skin Biopsy is a procedure to remove cells from the surface of your body so that they can be tested in a lab
Skĭn BĪ-ŏp-sē
Skin Test is a test for an immune reaction performed by applying a substance topically or injecting it into the skin
Skĭn tĕst
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the skin is a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the skin
SKWĀ-mŭs sĕl kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs
sĭs-TĔM-ĭk LOO-pŭs ĕr-ĭ-thē-mă-TŌ-sŭs
Tinea is another word for ringworm
TĬN-ē-ă
Ulcer is an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body
ŬL-sĕr
Urticaria is a rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely, sometimes with dangerous swelling, caused by an allergic reaction
ŭr-tĭ-KĀ-rē-ă
Varicella is another word for chickenpox
văr-ĭ-SĔL-ă
Verruca; Verrucae is a contagious and usually painful wart on the sole of the foot
vĕ-ROO-kă; vĕ-ROO-kē
Vesicle is a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body
VĔS-ĭ-kl
Vitiligo is a condition in which the pigment is lost from areas of the skin, causing whitish patches
vĭt-ĭl-Ī-gō
Wheal is a red, swollen mark left on flesh by a blow or pressure
wēl
Chapter 17 - Pronunciation of Terms
Accommodation refers to a convenient arrangement
ă-kŏm-ō-DĀ-shŭn
Amblyopia is a type of poor vision that usually happens in just 1 eye but less commonly in both eyes (lazy eye)
ăm-blē-Ō-pē-ă
Anisocoria is when your eye's pupils are not the same size
ăn-ī-sō-KŌ-rē-ă
The anterior chamber is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface
ăn-TĒ-rē-ŏr CHĀM-bĕr
Aphakia is a condition in which you're missing the lens of one or both of your eyes
ă-FĀ-kē-ă
Aqueous Humor is the clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea
ĂK-wē-ŭs or Ā-kwē-ŭs HŪ-mĕr
Astigmatism is a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature
ă-STĪG-mă-tĭzm
Biconvex means a convex on both sides
bī-KŎN-vĕks
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids
blĕf-ă-RĪ-tĭs
Blepharoptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid that may affect one or both eyes
blĕf-ă-rŏp-TŌ-sĭs
Cataract is a medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque
KĂT-ă-răkt
Chalazion is a small, usually painless lump on the edge of the eyelid caused by blockage of the gland at the base of an eyelash
kă-LĀ-zē-ŏn
Choroid is the pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera
KŎR-oyd
Ciliary Body is the part of the eye that connects the iris to the choroid
SĬL-ē-ăr-ē BŎD-ē
Cone is a light-sensitive cell of one of the two types present in the retina of the eye
kōn
Conjunctiva is the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids
kŏn-jŭnk-TĪ-vă
Conjunctivitis is the inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane that lines your eyelid and eyeball
kŏn-jŭnk-tĭ-VĪ-tĭs
Cornea is the transparent layer forming the front of the eye
KŎR-nē-ă
Corneal Abrasion results from a disruption or loss of cells in the top layer of the cornea
KŎR-nē-ăl ă-BRĀ-zhŭn
Corneoscleral refers to anything of, relating to, or affecting both the cornea and the sclera
kŏr-nē-ō-SKLĔ-răl
Cycloplegic is the paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye resulting in dilatation of the pupil and paralysis of accommodation
sī-klō-PLĒ-jĭk
Dacryoadenitis refers to inflammation of the lacrimal gland and may be unilateral or bilateral
dăk-rē-ō-ăd-ĕ-NĪ-tĭs
Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects eyes
dī-ă-BĔT-ĭk rĕ-tĭn-NŎP-ă-thē
Diplopia is a technical term for double vision
dĭp-LŌ-pē-ă
Enucleation is the removal of the eye from the orbit
ē-nū-klē-Ā-shun
Esotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one or both eyes turn inward
ĕs-ō-TRŌ-pē-ă
Exotropia is a form of strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one or both of the eyes turn outward
ĕk-sō-TRŌ-pē-ă
Fluorescein Angiography is a diagnostic procedure that uses a special camera to record the blood flow in the retina
floo-ō-RĔS-ē-ĭn ăn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
Fovea Centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye
FŌ-vē-ă sĕn-TRĂ-lĭs
Fundus of the Eye is the inner lining of the eye made up of the Sensory Retina, the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Bruch's Membrane, and the Choroid
FŬN-dŭs
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve
glaw-KŌ-mă
Hemianopsia means blindness over half the field of vision
hĕ-mē-ă-NŎP-sē-ă
Hordeolum is an infection of an oil gland at the edge of the eyelid
hŏr-DĒ-ō-lŭm
Hyperopia means farsightedness
hī-pĕr-Ō-pē-ă
Hypertensive Retinopathy is when there is damage to the retina from high blood pressure
hī-pĕr-TĔN-sĭv rĕ-tĭ-NŎP-ă-thē
Intraocular means implanted in, occurring in, or administered by entering the eyeball.
ĭn-tră-ŎK-ū-lăr
Iridectomy is a surgical procedure to remove part of the iris
ĭr-ĭ-DĔK-tō-mē
Iridic refers to anything of or relating to the iris of the eye
ĭ-RĪD-ĭk
Iris is a flat, colored, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye
Ī-rĭs
Iritis is the inflammation of the colored part of your eye
ī-RĪ-tĭs
Keratitis is an inflammation or irritation of the cornea
kĕr-ă-TĪ-tĭs
Keratoplasty refers to surgery carried out on the cornea, especially corneal transplantation.
kĕr-ă-tō-PLĂS-tē
Lacrimal is a small bone forming part of the eye socket
LĂK-rĭ-măl
Lacrimation is the flow of tears
lă-krĭ-MĀ-shŭn
Laser Photocoagulation is eye surgery using a laser to shrink or destroy abnormal structures in the retina
LĀ-zĕr fō-tō-kō-ăg-ū-LĀ-shŭn
Lens are a piece of glass or other transparent substance with curved sides for concentrating or dispersing light rays
lĕnz
Macula is an oval yellowish area surrounding the fovea near the center of the retina in the eye
MĂK-ū-lă
Macular Degeneration is a disease that affects a person's central vision
MĂK-ū-lăr dē-jĕn-ĕ-RĀ-shŭn
Miosis is excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye
mī-Ō-sĭs
Miotic means contraction of the pupil
mī-ŎT-ĭk
Mydriasis means dilation of the pupil of the eye
mĭ-DRĪ-ă-sĭs
Myopia means nearsightedness
mī-Ō-pē-ă
Nyctalopia is the inability to see in dim light or at night
nĭk-tă-LŌ-pē-ă
Nystagmus refers to rapid involuntary movements of the eyes
nĭ-STĂG-mŭs
Ophthalmic refers to anything relating to the eye and its diseases
ŏf-THĂL-mĭk
Ophthalmologist is a specialist in the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye
ŏf-thăl-MŎL-ō-jĭst
Ophthalmoplegia refers to paralysis of the muscles within or surrounding the eye
ŏf-thăl-mō-PLĒ-jă
Ophthalmoscopy is an examination of the back part of the eye
ŏf-thăl-MŎS-kō-pē
Optic Chiasm is the part of the brain where the optic nerves cross and is therefore of primary importance to the visual pathway
ŎP-tĭk KĪ-ăzm
Optic Disc is the raised disk on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve
ŎP-tĭk dĭsk
Optician is a person qualified to make and supply eyeglasses and contact lenses for correction of vision
ŏp-TĬSH-ăn
Optic Nerve refers to each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye
ŎP-tĭk nĕrv
Optometrist is a person who practices eye diagnoses
ŏp-TŎM-ĕ-trĭst
Palpebral refers to anything relating to the eyelids
PĂL-pĕ-brăl
Papilledema is a disease entity that refers to the swelling of the optic disc due to elevated intracranial pressure
păp-ĕ-lĕ-DĒ-mă
Phacoemulsification is a modern-day cataract surgery that employs ultrasound energy to emulsify the nucleus, vacuum to catch the nuclear material, and irrigation and aspiration for cortex and viscoelastic removal
făk-ō-ĕ-mŭl-sĭ-fĭ-KĀ-shŭn
Photophobia is the fear of light
fō-tō-FŌ-bē-ă
Presbyopia refers to farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye
prĕz-bē-Ō-pē-ă
Pupil is the dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye
PŪ-pĭl
Pupillary is anything pertaining to the pupil of the eye
PŪ-pĭ-lăr-ē
Refraction is the fact or phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc. being deflected in passing obliquely through the interface between one medium and another
rē-FRĂK-shŭn
Retina is a layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain
RĔT-ĭ-nă
Retinal Detachment describes an emergency situation in which a thin layer of tissue (the retina) at the back of the eye pulls away from the layer of blood vessels that provides it with oxygen and nutrients
RĔ-tĭ-năl dē-TĂCH-mĕnt
Retinitis Pigmentosa is a group of rare eye diseases that affect the retina
rĕt-ĭ-NĪ-tĭs pĭg-mĕn-TŌ-să
Rod is a light-sensitive cell of one of the two types present in large numbers in the retina of the eye
rŏd
Sclera is the white outer layer of the eyeball
SKLĔ-ră
Scleral Buckle is a type of eye surgery to correct a detached retina and restore vision.
SKLĔ-răl BŬ-kl
Scleritis is a severe ocular inflammatory condition affecting the sclera, the outer covering of the eye
sklĕ-RĪ-tĭs
Scotoma refers to a partial loss of vision or blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field
skō-TŌ-mă
Slit Lamp Microscopy is a microscope with a bright light used during an eye exam
Slĭt lămp mī-KRŎS-kō-pē
Strabismus is an abnormal alignment of the eyes
stră-BĬZ-mŭs
Thalamus refers to either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle
THĂL-ă-mŭs
Tonometry is a test to measure the pressure inside your eyes
tō-NŎM-ĕ-trē
Trabeculoplasty is plastic surgery of a trabecula
tră-bĕk-ū-lō-PLĂS-tē
Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation
ū-vē-Ī-tĭs
Visual Acuity Test is used to determine the smallest letters you can read on a standardized chart
VĬZ-ū-ăl ă-KŪ-ĭ-tē tĕst
Visual Field Test measures how much you can see out of the corners of your eyes
VĬZ-ū-ăl fēld tĕst
Vitrectomy is the surgical operation of removing the vitreous humor from the eyeball
vĭ-TRĔK-tō-mē
Vitreous Humor is the transparent gelatinous tissue filling the eyeball behind the lens
VĬT-rē-ŭs HŪ-mŏr
Xerophthalmia refers to abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye
zĕr-ŏf-THĂL-mē-ă
PART TWO:
Term
Pronunciation
Acoustic is the branch of physics concerned with the properties of sound
ă-KOOS-tĭk
Acoustic Neuroma are noncancerous, usually slow growing tumors that form along the branches of the eighth cranial nerve
ă-KOOS-tĭk nū-RŌ-mă
Audiogram is a graphic record produced by audiometry
ĂW-dē-ō-grăm
Audiologist are health care professionals who identify, assess and manage disorders of hearing, balance and other neural systems
ăw-dē-ŎL-ō-gĭst
Audiometer is an instrument used to measure hearing ability
ăw-dē-ŎM-ĕ-tĕr
Audiometry refers to measurement of the range and sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing
ăw-dē-ŎM-ĕ-trē
Auditory Canal is the tube that connects the outer ear to the inside or middle ear
ĂW-dĭ-tō-rē kă-NĂL
Auditory Meatus collects sound waves and channels them into the ear canal
ĂW-dĭ-tō-rē mē-Ā-tŭs
Auditory Nerve Fibers encode information about sound stimuli that is sent from the cochlea to the cochlear nucleus of the brainstem
ĂW-dĭ-tō-re nĕrv FĪ-bĕrz
Auditory Tube is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
ĂW-dĭ-tō-rē toob
Aural refers to anything relating to the ear or the sense of hearing
ĂW-răl
Auricle is a structure resembling an ear or earlobe
ĂW-rĭ-kl
Cerumen means earwax
sĕ-ROO-mĕn
Cholesteatoma is an abnormal collection of skin cells deep inside your ear
kō-lē-stē-ă-TŌ-mă
Cochlea is the spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations
KŎK-lē-ă
Cochlear is a hollow tube of the inner ear of higher vertebrates that is usually coiled like a snail shell and contains the endings of the nerve which carries information about sound to the brain
KŎK-lē-ăr
deafness means hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language
DĔF-nĕs
Ear Thermometry use an infrared ray to measure the temperature inside the ear canal
Ēr thĕr-MŎM-ĕ-trē
Endolymph is the fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the ear
ĔN-dō-lĭmf
Eustachian Tube is a narrow passage leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear
ū-STĀ-shŭn toob
Hyperacusis is a type of reduced tolerance to sound
hī-pĕr-ă-KŪ-sis
Incus is a small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations between the malleus and stapes
ĬNG-kŭs
Labyrinth is a complex structure in the inner ear which contains the organs of hearing and balance
LĂB-ĭ-rĭnth
Macrotia refers to ears that are oversized or large ears that aren't in proportion to the head
măk-RŌ-shē-ă
The malleus is a small bone in the middle ear which transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus
MĂL-ē-ŭs
Mastoiditis is most often caused by a middle ear infection
măs-toy-DĪ-tĭs
Meniere’s disease is an inner ear problem that can cause dizzy spells
mĕn-ē-ĀR dĭ-ZĒZ
Myringitis is a bacterial or viral infection of the eardrum
mĭr-ĭn-JĪ-tĭs
Myringotomy is a surgical incision into the eardrum
mĭr-ĭn-GŎT-ō-mē
Organ of Corti is a structure in the cochlea of the inner ear which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.
ŎR-găn of CŎR-tē
Ossicle is a very small bone, especially one of those in the middle ear
ŎS-ĭ-kl
Ossiculoplasty is the surgical restoration of the sound transmitting mechanism of the middle ear
ŏs-ĭ-kū-lō-PLĂS-tē
Otic refers to anything relating to the ear
Ō-tĭk
Otitis Media is an infection of the middle ear that causes inflammation and a build-up of fluid behind the eardrum
ō-TĪ-tĭs MĒ-dē-ă
Otolaryngologist studies diseases of the ear and throat
ō-tō-lă-rĭn-GŎL-ō-jĭst
Otomycosis is a fungal infection in the ear canal
ō-tō-mī-KŌ-sĭs
Otopyorrhea means purulent discharge from the ear
ō-tō-pī-ō-RĒ-ă
Otosclerosis means abnormal hardening of body tissue in the ear
ō-tō-sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs
Otoscopy is a clinical procedure used to examine structures of the ear, particularly the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, and middle ear
ō-TŎS-kō-pē
Oval Window is an impedance-matching function, allowing sound to be transferred from air to liquid
Ō-văl WĪN-dō
Perilymph is the fluid contained within the bony labyrinth
PĔR-ĭ-lĭmf
Pinna is the external part of the ear in humans and other mammals; the auricle
PĬN-ă
Postauricular refers to anything located or occurring behind the auricle of the ear
pōst-aw-RĬK-ū-lăr
Presbycusis is the gradual loss of hearing in both ears
prĕz-bē-KŪ-sĭs
Salpingopharyngeal refers to anything of or relating to the eustachian tubes and pharynx
săl-pĭng-gō-fă-RĬN-gē-ăl
Semicircular Canals are three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you keep your balance
sĕ-mē-SĔR-kū-lăr kă-NĂLZ
Serous Otitis Media is a common inflammatory process of the middle ear, frequent in early childhood
SĔR-ŭs ō-TĪ-tĭs MĒ-dē-ă
Stapedectomy is a surgery to remove a small bone, called the stapes, from the middle ear
stā-pĕ-DĔK-tō-mē
Stapes is a small stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear
STĀ-pēz
Tinnitus means ringing or buzzing in the ears
TĬN-nĭ-tŭs
Tuning Fork Test is used primarily to evaluate loss of hearing in one ear
TOO-nĭng fŏrk tĕst
Tympanic Membrane is also called the eardrum that separates the inner and outer ear
tĭm-PĂN-ĭk MĔM-brān
Tympanoplasty is microsurgery to fix holes in the eardrum that do not heal on their own
tĭm-pă-nō-PLĂS-tē
Vertigo is a sensation of motion or spinning that is often described as dizziness
VĔR-tĭ-gō
Vestibule is a chamber or channel opening into another
VĔS-tĭ-būl
Vestibulocochlear nerve consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves
vĕs-tĭb-ū-lō-KŌK-lē-ă
Chapter 18 - Pronunciation of Terms
Adenitis means inflamed lymph glands
ăd-ĕ-NĪ-tĭs
Adenohypophysis is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland
ăd-ĕ-nō-hī-PŎF-ĭ-sĭs
Adrenal Cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of an adrenal gland
ă-DRĒ-năl KŎR-tĕks
Adrenalectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the adrenal gland if it is cancerous and/or producing too much hormone
ă-drē-năl-ĔK-tō-mē
Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands
ă-DRĔN-ă-lĭn
Adrenal Medulla is the inner part of an adrenal gland, that controls hormones that initiate the flight or fight response
ă-DRĒ-năl mĕ-DŪ-lă
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary
ă-drē-nō-kŏr-tĭ-kō-TRŌP-ĭk HŎR-mōn
Adrenocorticotropin hormone is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
ă-drē-nō-kŏr-tĭ-kō-TRŌ-pĭn
Aldosterone is a corticosteroid hormone which stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance
ăl-DŎS-tĕ-rōn
Androgen is another male sex hormone
ĂN-drō-jĕn
Antidiuretic Hormone is a nonapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus
ăn-tĭ-dī-ū-RĔT-ĭk HŎR-mōn
Calcitonin is a hormone that helps control the level of calcium in your blood
kăl-sĭ-TŌ-nĭn
Catecholamines are hormones made by your adrenal gland
kăt-ĕ-KŌL-ă-mēnz
Corticosteroids are an anti-inflammatory medicine
kŏr-tĭ-kō-STĔ-roydz
Cortisol is a hormone produced by the two adrenal glands
KŎR-tĭ-sōl
Electrolyte is a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis
ĕ-LĔK-trō-līt
Endocrinologist specialize in treating disorders of the endocrine system
ĕn-dō-krĭ-NŎL-ō-jĭst
Epinephrine is basically adrenaline
ĕp-ĭ-NĔF-rĭn
Estradiol is a major estrogen produced in the ovaries
ĕs-tră-DĪ-ŏl
Estrogen refers to any of a group of steroid hormones which promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body. Such hormones are also produced artificially for use in oral contraceptives or to treat menopausal and menstrual disorders
ĔS-trō-jĕn
Estrogenic refers to anything of, relating to, caused by, or being an estrogen
ĕs-trō-JĔN-ĭk
Euthyroid means having a normally functioning thyroid gland
ū-THĪ-royd
Follicle-stimulating Hormone is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone
FŎL-ĭ-kl STĬM-ū-lā-tĭng HŎR-mōn
Glucagon is a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver
GLOO-kă-gŏn
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced from the cortex of adrenal glands
gloo-kō-KŎR-tĭ-koyd
Glycemic is a measure of how quickly a food can make your blood sugar rise
glī-SĒ-mĭk
Glycogen is a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates
GLĪ-kō-jĕn
Glycosuria is a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine
glī-kōs-Ū-rē-ă
Gonadotropin refers to any of a group of hormones secreted by the pituitary which stimulate the activity of the gonads
gō-năd-ō-TRŌ-pĭn
Growth Hormone influences our height, and helps build our bones and muscles
Grōth HŎR-mōn
Homeostasis is the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements
hō-mē-ō-STĀ-sĭs
Hormonal refers to anything relating to or containing a hormone or hormones
hŏr-MŌ-năl
Hormone is a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action
HŎR-mōn
Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal
hī-pĕr-kăl-SĒ-mē-ă
Hypercalciuria is defined as urinary excretion of more than 250 mg of calcium per day in women or more than 275-300 mg of calcium per day in men while on a regular unrestricted die
hī-pĕr-kăl-sē-ŪR-ē-ă
Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar
hī-pĕr-glī-SĒ-mē-ă
Hyperkalemia describes a potassium level in your blood that's higher than normal
hī-pĕr-kā-LĒ-mē-ă
Hypocalcemia means there is a low level of calcium in your blood
hī-pō-kăl-SĒ-mē-ă
Hypoglycemia is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range
hī-pō-glī-SĒ-mē-ă
Hypogonadism is a medical term for decreased functional activity of the gonads
hī-pō-GŌ-năd-ĭzm
Hypoinsulinism is a deficiency of insulin due either to inadequate secretion of the hormone by the pancreas or to inadequate treatment of diabetes mellitus.
hī-pō-ĬN-sū-lĭn-ĭzm
Hypokalemia means low blood potassium levels
hī-pō-kā-LĒ-mē-ă
Hyponatremia means that the sodium level in the blood is below normal
hī-pō-nā-TRĒ-mē-ă
Hypophysectomy is a surgery done to remove the pituitary gland
hī-pō-fĭ-ZĔK-tō-mē
Hypophysis is technical term for pituitary
hī-PŎF-ĭ-sĭs
Hypopituitarism happens when the pituitary gland is not active enough
hī-pō-pĭ-TOO-ĭ-tă-rĭzm
Hypothalamus acts as your body's smart control coordinating center
hī-pō-THĂL-ă-mŭs
Insulin helps your body turn food into energy and controls your blood sugar levels
ĬN-sū-lĭn
Luteinizing Hormone is a glycoprotein hormone that is co-secreted along with follicle-stimulating hormone by the gonadotrophin cells in the adenohypophysis
LOO-tē-ĭn-īz-ĭng HŎR-mōn
Mineralocorticoid is involved with maintaining the salt balance in the body
mĭn-ĕr-ăl-ō-KŎR-tĭ-koyd
Neurohypophysis stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin produced in the hypothalamus
noo-rō-hī-PŎF-ĭ-sĭs
Norepinephrine is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone
nŏr-ĕp-ĭ-NĔF-rĭn
Ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands located on either side of your uterus
ō-vă-rēz
Oxytocin is a natural hormone that manages key aspects of the female and male reproductive systems
ŏk-sĕ-TŌ-sĭn
Pancreas is located inside your abdomen, just behind your stomach
PĂN-krē-ăs
Pancreatectomy is a term for surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas
păn-krē-ă-TĔK-tō-mē
Parathormone is a hormone that your parathyroid glands make and release to control the level of calcium in your blood
păr-ă-THŎR-mōn
Parathyroidectomy is the surgery to remove one or more of the parathyroid glands in the patient who has hyperparathyroidism
păr-ă-thī-roy-DĔK-tō-mē
Parathyroid Glands are part of the endocrine system, which consists of a range of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
păr-ă-THĪ-royd glănz
Pineal Gland is to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information by the production and secretion of the hormone melatonin
pī-NĒ-ăl glănd
Pituitary Gland makes, stores and releases hormones
pĭ-TOO-ĭ-tĕr-ē glănd
Polydipsia is the medical definition of excessive thirst
pŏl-ē-DĬP-sē-ă
Progesterone is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species
prō-JĔS-tĕ-rōn
Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone that is responsible for lactation, breast development
prō-LĂK-tĭn
Receptor is an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve
rē-SĔP-tor
Sella Turcica is located in the sphenoid bone behind the chiasmatic groove and the tuberculum sellae
SĔL-ă TŬR-sĭ-kă
Somatotropin a growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
sō-mă-tō-TRŌ-pĭn
Steroids are a man-made version of hormones normally produced by the adrenal glands
STĔR-oyd
Sympathomimetic drugs form a classification of medication used to manage and treat cardiovascular pathology, hypersensitivity, COPD, and glaucoma
sĭm-pă-thō-mĭ-MĔT-ĭk
Target Tissue is the biological tissue(s) most adversely affected by exposure to a chemical substance
TĂR-gĕt TĬS-ū
Testes are an organ which produces sperm
TĔS-tēz
Testosterone is a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics
tĕs-TŎS-tĕ-rōn
Tetraiodothyronine is the main hormone your thyroid gland releases into your bloodstream
tĕ-tră-ī-ō-dō-THĪ-rō-nēn
Thyroid Gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolic rate, growth and development
THĪ-royd glănd
Thyroiditis refers to inflammation of the thyroid gland
thī-royd-Ī-tĭs
Thyrotropin a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland which regulates the production of thyroid hormones
thī-rō-TRŌ-pĭn
Thyroxine controls how much energy your body uses
thī-RŎK-sĭn
Triiodothyronine is a thyroid hormone that controls metabolism
trī-ī-ō-dō-THĪ-rō-nēn
Vasopressin is a pituitary hormone which acts to promote the retention of water by the kidneys and increase blood pressure
văz-ō-PRĔS-ĭn
PART TWO:
Term
Pronunciation
Acromegaly is a rare condition where the body produces too much growth hormone, causing body tissues and bones to grow more quickly
ăk-rō-MĔG-ă-lē
Addison Disease is when the adrenal glands make too little cortisol and, often, too little of another hormone, aldosterone
ĂD-ĭ-sŏn dĭ-ZĒZ
Adrenal Virilism is a syndrome in which the excessive production of adrenal androgens causes virilization
ă-DRĒ-năl VĬR-ĭ-lĭzm
Cretinism a condition of abnormal mental and physical development resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormone in fetal or early life, typically characterized by intellectual disability, small stature, and thickening of the facial features
KRĒ-tĭn-ĭzm
Cushing Syndrome is a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on the skin
KŬSH-ĭng SĬN-drōm
Diabetes Insipidus is an uncommon problem that causes the fluids in the body to become out of balance
dī-ă-BĒ-tēz ĭn-SĬP-ĭ-dŭs
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease, involving inappropriately elevated blood glucose levels
dī-ă-BĒ-tēz MĔL-ĭ-tŭs
Dwarfism is a disorder characterized by shorter than normal skeletal growth
DWĂRF-ĭzm
Endemic Goiter is an adaptive disease produced by the persistent stimulation of the thyroid gland as consequence of the thyrotropin increased secretion due to the iodine deficiency
ĕn-DĔM-ĭk GOY-tĕr
Exophthalmometry is an instrument used to determine axial globe position in relation to the orbital rim
ĕk-sŏf-thăl-MŎM-ĕ-trē
Exophthalmos is a medical term for a bulging or protruding eyeball or eyeballs
ĕk-sŏf-THĂL-mōs
Fasting Plasma Glucose tests are used to estimate blood sugar levels at a given time or, over a longer period of time, to obtain average levels or to see how fast body is able to normalize changed glucose levels
FĂS-tĭng PLĂS-măh GLŪ-kōs
Gastroparesis means paralysis of the stomach
găs-trō-păr-Ē-sĭs
Gigantism is a very rare condition that happens when a child or adolescent has high levels of growth hormone (GH) in their body, which causes them to grow very tall
JĪ-găn-tĭzm
Glucose Tolerance Test measures your body's response to sugar
GLOO-kōs TŎL-ĕr-ăns tĕst
Goiter is a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland
GOY-tĕr
Graves Disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones
GRĀVZ dĭ-ZĒZ
Hirsutism means abnormal growth of hair on a person's face and body, especially on a woman
HĔR-soot-ĭzm
Hyperinsulinism is a genetic disorder in which the insulin cells of the pancreas, called beta cells, secrete too much insulin
hī-pĕr-ĬN-sū-lĭn-ĭzm
Hyperparathyroidism develops from too much activity in one or more parathyroid glands
hī-pĕr-pă-ră-THĪ-royd-ĭzm
Hyperthyroidism happens when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone
hī-pĕr-THĪ-royd-ĭsm
Hypoparathyroidism is an uncommon condition in which the body produces abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone
hī-pō-pă-ră-THĪ-royd-ĭzm
Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body's needs
hī-pō-THĪ-royd-ĭzm
Ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes
kē-tō-ă-sĭ-DŌ-sĭs
Myxedema is another term for severely advanced hypothyroidism
mĭk-sĕ-DĒ-mă
Nodular Goiter involves an enlarged thyroid gland
NŎD-ū-lăr GOY-tĕr
Panhypopituitarism is a condition in which the production and secretion of all hormones by the pituitary gland is reduced
păn-hī-pō-pĭ-TŪ-ĭ-tăr-ĭzm
Pheochromocytoma is a type of neuroendocrine tumor that grows from cells called chromaffin cells
fē-ō-krō-mō-sī-TŌ-mă
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH is a condition in which the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone
SĬN-drōm Ŏf ĭn-ă-PRŌ-prē-ĭt A-D-H
Tetany a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glandsand a consequent deficiency of calcium
TĔT-ă-nē
Thyroid Carcinoma is a cancer of the thyroid, the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck
THĪ-royd kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă
Thyroid Function Tests is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroi
THĪ-royd FŬNK-shŭn tĕsts
Thyroid Scan is a diagnostic nuclear medicine test that provides information about the structure and function of the thyroid
THĪ-royd skăn
Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state of inappropriately high levels of circulating thyroid hormones (T3 and/or T4) in the body from any cause
thī-rō-tŏk-sĭ-KŌ-sĭs