UNIT 4 FLASHCARDS
1. New Negro Movement
A cultural and political movement promoting Black pride, self-expression, and resistance to racism in the early 20th century.
2. Négritude
A 1930s–1950s movement celebrating Black identity, culture, and heritage, originating in the French-speaking Caribbean.
3. Meaning of Négritude
“Blackness” in French.
4. Negrismo
A cultural movement in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean celebrating African influences in Latin American culture.
5. African Diaspora
The global population of people of African descent dispersed from Africa.
6. Cultural Pride
Emphasis on valuing and celebrating one’s cultural identity.
7. Political Liberation
The struggle for freedom from oppression and inequality.
8. Assimilation
The process of adopting the dominant culture, often at the expense of one’s own.
9. Colonialism
Control of one country over another, often involving exploitation and cultural domination.
10. Anti-Colonial Movement
Efforts to resist and end colonial rule.
KEY FIGURES & IDEAS
11. Aimé Césaire
Founder of Négritude who coined the term and promoted Black identity.
12. Frantz Fanon
Philosopher who analyzed colonialism and its psychological impacts.
13. Léopold Senghor
Poet and political leader who helped develop Négritude theory.
14. Langston Hughes
Writer who connected Black movements globally through translation and literature.
CIVIL RIGHTS ERA
15. Civil Rights Movement
Mid-20th century movement to end segregation and secure equal rights.
16. Segregation
Separation of races in public and private spaces.
17. De facto Segregation
Segregation that exists in practice, even if not legally enforced.
18. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Supreme Court case that declared school segregation unconstitutional.
19. Plessy v. Ferguson
Earlier ruling that upheld “separate but equal” segregation.
20. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Law banning discrimination in public spaces.
21. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Law protecting African Americans’ right to vote.
ECONOMIC & SOCIAL INEQUALITY
22. Redlining
Practice of denying loans to people in certain (often Black) neighborhoods.
23. Structural Racism
Systemic inequality embedded in institutions and policies.
24. G.I. Bill (1944)
Program providing benefits to veterans, often distributed unequally.
25. Housing Discrimination
Barriers preventing African Americans from owning homes.
26. Wealth Gap
Economic disparity between racial groups.
CIVIL RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS
27. NAACP
Organization that used legal action to fight racial discrimination.
28. SCLC
Group that used nonviolent protest to fight segregation.
29. SNCC
Student-led organization focused on protests and voter registration.
30. CORE
Organization that used direct action like sit-ins and Freedom Rides.
31. National Urban League
Group focused on economic empowerment of African Americans.
32. Freedom Riders
Activists who challenged segregation in transportation.
33. March on Washington
Mass protest advocating for civil and economic rights.
BLACK FREEDOM & BLACK POWER
34. Black Freedom Movement
Broad struggle for equality, including Civil Rights and Black Power.
35. Black Power Movement
Movement emphasizing self-determination and Black autonomy.
36. Black Autonomy
Control over Black communities’ political, economic, and social institutions.
37. Malcolm X
Leader who advocated for self-defense and Black independence.
BLACK PANTHER PARTY
38. Black Panther Party
Revolutionary group advocating for self-defense and community programs.
39. Ten-Point Program
Platform demanding housing, education, healthcare, and justice.
40. Survival Programs
Community aid initiatives like free breakfast and medical care.
CULTURE & ARTS
41. Black is Beautiful Movement
Movement promoting pride in Black identity and appearance.
42. Black Arts Movement
Cultural movement promoting Black expression and Afrocentric art.
43. Afrocentric Aesthetics
Styles rooted in African cultural traditions.
44. Cultural Assimilation (Rejection of)
Refusal to adopt dominant (white) cultural norms.
45. Freedom Songs
Music used to inspire and mobilize activists.
46. Call and Response
Musical pattern rooted in African traditions.
DIASPORIC SOLIDARITY
47. Diasporic Solidarity
Unity among people of African descent worldwide.
48. Pan-Africanism
Belief in global unity of all people of African descent.
49. Ghana Independence (1957)
Symbolic victory inspiring global Black solidarity.
50. Year of Africa (1960)
Period when 17 African nations gained independence.
SOCIAL & POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
51. Black Middle Class
Economically stable African American population.
52. Black Voting Power
Increased political influence through voting.
53. Demographic Changes
Growing diversity in the Black population.
54. Black Immigrants
People of African descent moving to the U.S.
ACADEMIC & CULTURAL CONCEPTS
55. African American Studies
Academic field studying Black history and culture.
56. Afrofuturism
Movement imagining Black futures through tech and art.
57. Interdisciplinary Studies
Combining multiple academic fields to understand a topic.
CONTRIBUTIONS & INNOVATION
58. African American Inventions
Innovations created despite systemic barriers.
59. Contributions to Medicine
Advancements by Black scientists and doctors.
60. Black Healthcare
Efforts to address inequality in medical access.
CORE THEMES (BIG IDEAS)
61. Cultural Resistance
Using culture to resist oppression.
62. Racial Ideology
Beliefs used to justify inequality.
63. Economic Justice
Fair access to wealth and opportunity.
64. Social Mobility
Ability to improve economic status.