Fundamentals

  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

    • type of mask → noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation device

    • covers the nose and mouth

    • keeps airways throughout the respiratory cycle open and improve gas exchange in the alveoli

    • for sleep apnea

  • Heat stroke

    • hot, dry skin, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, anxiety, confusion, unusual behavior, seizures, coma

    • client does not sweat

    • intervention → remove client clothes, place ice packs around the main arteries, apply hypothermia blanket, irrigate the stomach and large intestine with cooling solution, wet client’s body, fan wit rapid movement of air, do not allow client to shiver

  • Chest tube insertion

    • position client in semi to high fowler’s position → promote optimal lung expansion and drainage of fluid from the lungs

  • Snellen chart

    • used to screen impaired far vision (myopia)

    • used for clients who cannot read

    • client stands 20 feet away

    • evaluate both eyes and then each eye separately

  • Cleansing enema

    • prepare and warm solution

      • cold solution can result in cramping

    • position client on left side with right leg flexed

    • 3-4 in → adult

    • 2-3 in → child