Untitled Flashcards Set

People

  • Theodore Roosevelt: Known as a "trust buster" for breaking up monopolies, he implemented the Square Deal, emphasizing conservation, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

  • William Howard Taft: Successor to Roosevelt; continued trust-busting and established the Department of Labor. Supported the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, which caused a split in the Republican Party.

  • Woodrow Wilson: Advocated the "New Freedom" platform, focusing on lowering tariffs, reforming banking (Federal Reserve Act), and strengthening antitrust laws.

  • Robert La Follette: Progressive reformer and governor of Wisconsin; promoted the "Wisconsin Idea," emphasizing government efficiency and regulation.

  • "Uncle Joe" Cannon: Conservative Speaker of the House; opposed many progressive reforms.

  • Louis Brandeis: Progressive lawyer and Supreme Court Justice; advocated for labor rights and fought against corporate monopolies.

  • W.E.B. Du Bois: Co-founder of the NAACP; championed civil rights and opposed Booker T. Washington's approach of accommodation.

  • Charles Beard: Historian who argued that economic interests influenced the framing of the Constitution.

Progressive Reformers

  • Jane Addams: Founder of Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago to assist immigrants and the poor.

  • Walter Rauschenbusch: Leader of the Social Gospel movement, which applied Christian ethics to social issues.

  • John A. Ryan: Catholic reformer who advocated for worker rights and economic justice.

  • Thorstein Veblen: Economist who criticized the wealthy in The Theory of the Leisure Class.

Muckrakers

  • Helen Hunt Jackson: Wrote A Century of Dishonor, exposing injustices toward Native Americans.

  • Frank Norris: Wrote The Octopus, critiquing the power of railroad monopolies.

  • Lincoln Steffens: Wrote The Shame of the Cities, exposing urban corruption.

  • Upton Sinclair: Wrote The Jungle, leading to the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.

  • Ida Tarbell: Investigative journalist who exposed the monopolistic practices of Standard Oil in The History of the Standard Oil Company.

  • Jacob Riis: Documented urban poverty in How the Other Half Lives.

Terms

  • Hull House: Settlement house founded by Jane Addams to support immigrants.

  • "Trust Buster": Nickname for Theodore Roosevelt for breaking up monopolies using the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Programs of the Presidents & Laws

  • Federal Reserve Act (1913): Created the Federal Reserve System to regulate the banking industry.

  • Interstate Commerce Act: Regulated railroad rates and prevented unfair practices.

  • Square Deal: Roosevelt’s policy focusing on conservation, consumer protection, and corporate regulation.

  • New Freedom: Wilson’s plan to restore economic competition through antitrust reforms.

  • Meat Inspection Act (1906): Ensured sanitary processing and proper labeling of meat products.

  • Pure Food and Drug Act: Regulated food safety and prohibited mislabeled products.

  • Hepburn Act (1906): Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads.

  • Clayton Antitrust Act: Strengthened antitrust laws to prevent corporate abuses.

Progressive Movement: Ideas

  1. Who: Middle-class reformers, women, journalists, and politicians.

  2. Leaders/Politicians: Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, William Howard Taft.

  3. Primary Goals: Eliminate corruption, reduce the power of big business, improve working conditions, and promote social welfare.

  4. Political/Economic Role of Government: Increased regulation and active government intervention in economic affairs.

  5. Problems Addressed: Poverty, monopolies, corruption, labor abuses, and inequality.

Themes and Major Works

  • The Jungle (Upton Sinclair): Exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

  • The Shame of the Cities (Lincoln Steffens): Investigated corruption in city governments.

  • Wealth Against Commonwealth (Henry Demarest Lloyd): Critiqued monopolies like Standard Oil.

  • How the Other Half Lives (Jacob Riis): Photographs and stories revealing slum conditions.

  • A Century of Dishonor (Helen Hunt Jackson): Advocated for Native American rights.

Amendments

  • 16th Amendment: Established a federal income tax.

  • 17th Amendment: Allowed for direct election of senators.

  • 18th Amendment: Prohibited alcohol (Prohibition).

  • 19th Amendment: Granted women the right to vote.

Key Movements

  • Social Gospel: Religious movement applying Christian ethics to social problems like poverty and labor rights.

  • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA): Advocated for women's voting rights; led by Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Chapman Catt.

  • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU): Fought for prohibition of alcohol.

  • National Prohibition Movement: Culminated in the 18th Amendment.

  • Triangle Fire (1911): Tragic factory fire that highlighted unsafe working conditions and led to labor reforms.