Connect Chapter 13- Neurocognitive Disorders

13.1 Characteristic of Neurocognitive Disorders-

Many sources of insult of injury can affect an individual’s brian, such as trauma, disease, and exposure to toxic substances including drugs. People can develop delusions, hallucinations, mood disturbances, and extreme personality changes as a result of these infulences on the brain. The neurocognitive disorders specifically describe decline acquired in one or more domains of cogition associated with alterations in the brain.

  • changes in mood

  • hallucinations and delusions

  • changes in personality

13.2 Delirium-

People diagnosed with delirium temporarily experience disturbances in their attention and awareness. The symptoms tend to appear abruptly and fluctuate over the duration of the disorder. The core of delirim is an acute state of confusion or impairment in cognitive proccessing that affects memory, orientation, executive functioning, ability to use language, visual perception, and learning

to receive a diagnosis of delirium, the individual must show these changes in consciousness or awareness over a very short period of time, on the order of hours or days. The diagnosis also requires that a general medical conditions must cause the disturbance. Clinicians therefore specify whether the delirium results from substance intoxication, substance withdrawl, a medication or other medicial conditions. The clinician also rates the delirium as acute (occuring a few hours or days) or persistent (occuring over weeks or months.

  • inability to focus, maintain or shift attention

  • temporary loss of awareness

  • abrupt appearance of symptoms

13.3 Nuerocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease-

Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease is a disorder associated with progessive, gradual declines in memory, learning, and at least on other cognitive domain. The first symptoms of memory loss precede a cascad of changes that eventually ends in death due to the development of medical illness resulting from infection of failure of intial bodily organs

The WHO (2021) estimates that 60-70% of cases of neurocognitive disease (dementia) are due to Alzheimer’s disease

The US Alzheimers Association estimates the prevalence of Alzheimers disease at 11.3% in adults 65 and older

  • Components of biological theories of Alzheimer’s disease are neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques

The term amlyoid is a generic name for protein fragments that collect together in a specific way to from insoluble deposits

  • a gene though to be involved in the development of late form alzheimers disease is the APOE gene

because of safety concerns, which of the following drugs is only rarely presvribed to treat Alzeimer’s disease?

  • Cognex

Each of the following are drugs currently used to treat Alzheimer’s disease except

  • Paxil

The newest medication to treat ALzheimer’s disease is aducanimb, whose action is intended to target the beta amyloid plaques themselves

Which of the following are characteristics of frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder?

  • personality change

  • the onset is slow and insidious

Which of the following is specific to neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies

abnormal deposists of protein called alpha synuclein