Consciousness

Introduction

  • Consciousness involves:
    • Conscious experience.
    • Access to information.
    • Self-knowledge.
  • Functions of consciousness:
    • Social interaction (predicting/understanding others).
    • Information exchange.
    • Global control.
  • Decisions: Some are preconsciously prepared before conscious awareness.

Measuring Conscious Experience

  • Assessment: Typically uses behavioral measures (e.g., verbal reports).
  • Problem: Failure to report may be due to attention, memory, or inner speech issues.
  • Lamme's Argument: Focus on neural correlates of consciousness.
  • Conscious experience is associated with recurrent processing, not the feedforward sweep.
  • Recurrent processing isn't always linked to conscious experience.

Brain Areas Associated with Consciousness

  • Stimuli Processing Processing of not consciously perceived stimuli shows modest brain activation in most areas of the visual cortex.
    *Areas in the prefrontal and parietal cortex are typically activated during the processing of stimuli that are consciously perceived.
    *Functional roles of these brain regions in visual awareness are still unclear, but they may be involved in integrating information from various brain areas.

Theories of Consciousness

  • Global Workspace Theories: Selective attention determines awareness.
  • Conscious awareness involves integrated brain activity, especially in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortex.
  • Support exists for the major assumptions of these theories.
  • Selective attention may follow rather than precede conscious awareness.
  • Theories do not yet explain if key brain areas produce or are a consequence of conscious awareness.

Is Consciousness Unitary?

  • Split-Brain Patients: Behavior can be controlled by each hemisphere.
  • The left hemisphere is dominant, acting as an interpreter.
  • The right hemisphere engages in low-level processing and may lack consciousness or have limited self-awareness.
  • The left hemisphere can overrule the right, preventing dialogue between them.
  • The right hemisphere may play a role in self-recognition and awareness.