Chapter 1-4 For Exam Test
Communication is essential to human interaction as it enables individuals to convey their thoughts, feelings, and ideas effectively.
Features of Communication: Process, Systemic, Symbols
Meanings: The significance- what they signify to us
Values of Communication
Personal identity and health- We gain personal identity as we communicate with others. Communication directly influences our physical and emotional well-being
Relationship Values
Professional Values
Cultural Values
Relationship Values: Communication is the primary way to connect with others.
Effective Communication sustains relationships
Use to solve problems and resolve conflict.
Professional Values: Communication skills are closely linked to professional success. Poor communication increases the occurrence of mistakes.
Cultural Values: To be effective citizens in a democracy, we must be able to express and evaluate ideas.
Effective participation in social life requires good communication skills.
Linear Model of Communication: A one- way process in which one person acts on another person.
Noise: Anything that interferes with the intended communication.
Interactive Model of Communication: Receivers respond to senders. Senders listen to receivers.
Transactional Model of Communication. People often send and receive messages.
Communication changes over time.
Value: Maintaining personal relationships through social media
Job Search
History of Communication: Cave Drawings:: 60-70k years ago.
Woof Block Printing: 800-900 AD.
Printing Press: 1450 Gutenberg
Human- Interpersonal Communication is examined by Hotep
The Rhetoric: Aristotle.
CHAPTER 2:
Perception and Communication
Perception is: The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, and objects.
Selection: What influences our selection in the perception process: Things that stand-out, Acuity of senses.
Four Types of Schemata: Personal Constructs, Stereotypes, Scripts, and Relations between individuals.
Examples of Script: Hey, How ya doing?
Interpretation- the subjective process of explaining perceptions to assign meaning to them
The Self- Serving Bias- The tendency to construct attributions that serve our personal interests.
CHAPTER 3:
Communication and Personal Identity
What is the Self? A process of internalizing and acting from social perspectives that we learn in the process of communication.
Peer Communication: Social comparison involves comparing ourselves with others to form judgments of our own talents.
Societal Communication: When we interact with others and media and participate in institutions. It is the Sex, Race, Sexual orientation, or gender.
The self is multidimensional: Physical Self, Cognitive self, emotional self, social self, moral self.
The Generalized other
The collection of rules, roles, values, and attitudes endorsed by the specific culture in which we live.
Digital media and personal identity
Social media and relevant to personal identity
Provide direct definitions and reflected appraisals.
Are sources of social comparison
CHAPTER 4
Hearing: a passive physiological activity that occurs when sound waves hit our eardrums.
Listening: An active, complex process.
Selecting and Organizing Material.
Selectively attend to some messages and disregard others.
Interpreting Communication: Putting together all that we have selected and organized to make sense of the overall situation.
Physically Receiving messages: Including reading lips or seeing sign language.
Responding: Communicating attention and interest as well as voicing our own views.
Remembering: Retaining what you have heard
Obstacles to Effective Listening:
internal Obstacles
Preoccupation
Prejudgments
Lack of effort
Forms of nonlistening
Pseudolistening
Monopolizing
Selective listening.