The Greatest Happiness Principle, Utilitarianism, and Locke's Natural Rights

Greatest Happiness Principle and the Foundations of Rights

Introduction to Core Concepts

  • Today's discussion will cover the greatest happiness principle, utilitarianism, John Locke's argument for grounded rights, different assumptions about government's purpose in protecting rights, and the definition and elements of the rule of law.
  • The rule of law is a central feature explaining the development of the American system of government.

Utilitarianism and the Torture Question

Scenario 1: Torturing a Terrorist (Khalid Sheikh Mohammed - KSM)
  • Case: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM), the alleged mastermind of 9/119/11, was subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques (torture) to extract information.
  • Method: KSM was waterboarded approximately 180180 times in March 20062006 (about 66 times a day).
  • Waterboarding Definition: The individual is reclined on a plank, head pointed downward. A towel is placed over the face, and water is poured, simulating the feeling of drowning.
  • Question: Should the United States torture captured terrorists if it saves American lives?
    • Arguments for Torture (from class):
      • Assumption of Risk: By withholding information, the terrorist is implicitly consenting to the consequences, including torture.
      • Consequences for Actions: Those who commit crimes should face the repercussions.
    • Arguments Against Torture (from class):
      • Ineffectiveness/Unreliability: Information obtained through torture is often inaccurate or unreliable.
      • Lack of Guarantee: There's no way to guarantee that torture will save lives.
      • Ethical/Spiritual Concerns: Reflects a