Interactions of Matter & Energy

A transverse wave is when particles move perpendicular to the wave's direction. Examples are light waves and electromagnetic waves. (doesn’t need a medium)

A longitudinal wave is when particles vibrate parallel to wave direction, like sound waves.

Pitch of a wave: refers to its frequency, which determines how high or low the sound is perceived. Higher frequency waves have higher pitch, while lower frequency waves have lower pitch.

Wavelength: the distance between two identical points on a wave

Frequency: amount of waves over time (measured in Hertz [Hz])

Amplitude: loudness/quietness of a sound

Gamma rays: used for medical purposes like cancer treatment and sterilization and can cause cell damage

X-rays: used in medical situtation like x-rays and ultrasounds and in old TVs

Ultraviolet: used to detect chemical and causes sunburns and makes some chemicals glow (phosporus)

Visible light: what people can see (ROYGBIV*)

Infrared: allows you to see some colors/lights on cameras

Microwaves: used to heat food

Radio waves: used for long, short, and very short distance communication

*Objects that appear white reflect all colors of light, where objects that appear black are absorbing all colors of light

Concave mirror: converges light + forms a smaller upside down image when image is far away and larger image when close

Convex mirror: spreads light + minimized, upright image

Plane mirror: upright, normal, but flippedConcave lens: spreads light + minimized, upright

Covex lens: converges light + forms a smaller upside down image when image is far away and larger image when close