Comprehensive English-Vietnamese Vocabulary Notes (Pages 1–2)

Page 1: Vocabulary

• designate

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /'dez.ig.neit/

  • Meaning (EN): to appoint or indicate a specific role, purpose, or designation; to mark for a particular purpose

  • Vietnamese: chỉ định

  • Example: The committee designated a new chairperson.

  • Collocations: designate as, designated for, designation

• game reserve

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /'geim rizз:v/

  • Meaning (EN): a protected area where wildlife is kept and often hunted-free; a sanctuary for animals

  • Vietnamese: khu bảo tồn

  • Example: The game reserve protects many endangered species.

• preservative

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /pri'z3:.vǝ.tiv/

  • Meaning (EN): a substance used to preserve food or materials from decay

  • Vietnamese: chất bảo quản

  • Example: Many foods contain chemical preservatives to extend shelf life.

• recent

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /'ri:.sǝnt/

  • Meaning (EN): occurring, coming, or been done not long ago

  • Vietnamese: gần đây

  • Example: Recent studies show a correlation between X and Y.

• alarming

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ǝ'la:.min/

  • Meaning (EN): terrifying or worrying; causing alarm

  • Vietnamese: đáng báo động

  • Example: The rise in pollution is alarming.

• urgent

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /'3:.dzǝnt/

  • Meaning (EN): requiring immediate action or attention

  • Vietnamese: khẩn cấp

  • Example: There is an urgent need for medical supplies.

• exotic

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ig'zDt.1k/

  • Meaning (EN): originating in or characteristic of a foreign country; unusual or striking

  • Vietnamese: ngoại lai

  • Example: The market sold exotic fruits from tropical regions.

• boast

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /bǝʊst/

  • Meaning (EN): to speak with pride about oneself or one’s achievements

  • Vietnamese: tự khoe

  • Example: He tends to boast about his athletic record.

• last-ditch

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /la:st' ditf/

  • Meaning (EN): a final, desperate effort

  • Vietnamese: gắng sức cuối cùng; biện pháp tuyệt vọng

  • Example: The last-ditch attempt failed to save the project.

• reflect

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ri'flekt/

  • Meaning (EN): to think carefully; to show or embody; to mirror

  • Vietnamese: phản ánh

  • Example: The results reflect the impact of recent policy changes.

• revise

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /rɪˈvaɪz/

  • Meaning (EN): to rewrite or amend something; to review and improve

  • Vietnamese: sửa đổi; rà soát

  • Example: Students revise their notes before exams.

• refer

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /riˈfɜːr/

  • Meaning (EN): to mention or point to something; to consult a source

  • Vietnamese: tham khảo, tham chiếu

  • Example: Please refer to the appendix for details.

• revive

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ri'vaiv/

  • Meaning (EN): to restore to life, consciousness, or activity

  • Vietnamese: hồi sinh

  • Example: The community hoped to revive the old market.

• project

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /'prɒdʒekt/

  • Meaning (EN): a planned undertaking or scheme; an academic or work assignment

  • Vietnamese: dự án

  • Example: The design project won several awards.

• attribute

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /'æt.ri.bju:t/

  • Meaning (EN): to regard something as being caused by someone or something

  • Vietnamese: quy cho

  • Example: They attributed the success to careful planning.

• jeopardise

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/ (UK: /ˌdʒɛpərˈdaɪz/)

  • Meaning (EN): to put at risk; to imperil

  • Vietnamese: ra uy hiểm; làm nguy hiểm

  • Example: The decision could jeopardise the future of the project.

• compound

  • Part of speech: V (also n)

  • Pronunciation: /'kom.paʊnd/

  • Meaning (EN): to combine parts or substances; to intensify in a negative way

  • Vietnamese: phối hợp; hợp chất (as noun); phức tạp/những thứ ghép lại

  • Example: Stress can compound existing health problems.

• diminish

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /dɪˈmɪn.ɪʃ/

  • Meaning (EN): to make or become less; reduce

  • Vietnamese: làm giảm

  • Example: The drug will diminish pain after administration.

• peel

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /pi:l/

  • Meaning (EN): to remove the outer layer of something

  • Vietnamese: gọt vỏ; lột

  • Example: Peel the apples before slicing them.

• poach

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /poʊtʃ/

  • Meaning (EN): to illegally hunt or catch animals; to cook gently in simmering liquid

  • Vietnamese: săn bắt phi pháp (hoặc luộc trứng/điểm ở nước nóng tùy ngữ cảnh)

  • Example: Poaching wildlife is a serious crime.

• pry

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /praɪ/

  • Meaning (EN): to inquire too closely into a person's private affairs; to meddle

  • Vietnamese: xoói mói; bới mót (điều tra quá mức)

  • Example: Stop prying into other people’s business.

• tusk

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /tʌsk/

  • Meaning (EN): a long curved tooth of an animal, especially an elephant

  • Vietnamese: ngà voi

  • Example: The elephant’s tusks are highly valued by some traders.

• boycott

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˈbɔɪ.kɒt/

  • Meaning (EN): to abstain from using, buying, or dealing with as a form of protest

  • Vietnamese: tẩy chay

  • Example: Consumers decided to boycott the product until changes were made.

• recharge

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /riːˈtʃɑːdʒ/

  • Meaning (EN): to fill again with energy or power; to restore a battery

  • Vietnamese: nạp lại, sạc lại

  • Example: Don’t forget to recharge the phone battery.

• provoke

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /prəˈvoʊk/

  • Meaning (EN): to stimulate or incite some action or feeling, often negative

  • Vietnamese: gây, khơi dậy (cảm xúc tiêu cực)

  • Example: His questions were designed to provoke a reaction.

• collapse

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /kəˈlæps/

  • Meaning (EN): to fall down or fail suddenly; to break down

  • Vietnamese: sụp đổ

  • Example: The bridge collapsed after the earthquake.

• measurement

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/

  • Meaning (EN): the act or process of measuring something; a quantity obtained by measuring

  • Vietnamese: sự đo đạc, sự đo lường

  • Example: Accurate measurement is essential in construction.

• insight

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˈɪn.ˌsaɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): a deep, accurate understanding of something; a perceptive view

  • Vietnamese: cái nhìn sâu sắc

  • Example: Her insight helped solve the problem quickly.

• conflict

  • Part of speech: n (also v)

  • Pronunciation: /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/

  • Meaning (EN): a serious disagreement or argument; to be in opposition

  • Vietnamese: xung đột; mâu thuẫn (as a verb: conflict with)

  • Example: There is a conflict between policy and practice.

• glimpse

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /glɪmp(s)/

  • Meaning (EN): a brief or partial view

  • Vietnamese: cái nhìn lướt qua

  • Example: I caught a glimpse of the dancer at the door.

• glance

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /glɑːns/

  • Meaning (EN): a quick look

  • Vietnamese: cái liếc mắt

  • Example: He took a quick glance at his watch.

• inhibit

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ɪnˈhɪb.ɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): to hinder or restrain

  • Vietnamese: ngăn cản, làm lo lắng

  • Example: Fear can inhibit performance.

• obstruct

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /əbˈstrækt/

  • Meaning (EN): to block or get in the way of

  • Vietnamese: obstruct; cản trở

  • Example: Debris obstructed the road.

• imperil

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpɛr.əl/

  • Meaning (EN): to put in danger; risk

  • Vietnamese: đẩy vào nguy hiểm

  • Example: The new policy could imperil conservation efforts.

• negligible

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ˈnɛɡ.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

  • Meaning (EN): so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering

  • Vietnamese: có thể bỏ qua

  • Example: The cost increase is negligible for most users.

• susceptible

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

  • Meaning (EN): likely to be influenced or harmed by something

  • Vietnamese: dễ bị, dễ mắc

  • Example: Plants in this area are highly susceptible to disease.

• conducive

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /kənˈdjuː.sɪv/

  • Meaning (EN): making a certain outcome likely or possible; beneficial

  • Vietnamese: thuận lợi

  • Example: A quiet environment is conducive to studying.

• integral

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡrəl/

  • Meaning (EN): necessary to form a complete whole; essential

  • Vietnamese: toàn diện; thiết yếu

  • Example: Trust is an integral part of any relationship.

• disinterested

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /dɪˈsɪn.tər.ə.stɪd/

  • Meaning (EN): unbiased or impartial

  • Vietnamese: vô tư, không vụ lợi

  • Example: An independent reviewer must be disinterested.

• unworthy

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ˌənˈwɜːr.ði/

  • Meaning (EN): not worthy of respect or consideration; lacking merit

  • Vietnamese: không đáng

  • Example: The evidence made his claim seem unworthy of belief.

• decisive

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/

  • Meaning (EN): able to make decisions quickly and effectively; conclusive

  • Vietnamese: quyết đoán

  • Example: Her decisive leadership got the project back on track.

• vulnerable

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/

  • Meaning (EN): capable of or susceptible to being harmed or attacked

  • Vietnamese: dễ bị tổn thương

  • Example: The coastline is particularly vulnerable to storms.

• misinterpret

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˌmɪs.ɪnˈtɜː(r).prɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): to interpret something wrongly

  • Vietnamese: hiểu sai

  • Example: It’s easy to misinterpret his silence as agreement.

• misuse

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /mɪsˈjuːz/

  • Meaning (EN): to use something wrongly or improperly

  • Vietnamese: lạm dụng

  • Example: Misuse of company resources is strictly prohibited.

• displace

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /dɪsˈpleɪs/

  • Meaning (EN): to move something from its usual place; to force someone to leave their home

  • Vietnamese: buộc rời khỏi nơi ở; di dời

  • Example: The flood displaced hundreds of residents.

• distort

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /dɪˈstɔːt/

  • Meaning (EN): to twist out of shape or misrepresent

  • Vietnamese: bóp méo; xuyên tạc

  • Example: The map distorts the size of the land masses.

Page 2: Continuation of Vocabulary

• dispatch

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /dɪˈspætʃ/

  • Meaning (EN): to send off to a destination or for a purpose; to deal with quickly

  • Vietnamese: hành động nhanh; ph dispatch (gửi đi)

  • Example: The company dispatched parcels to customers worldwide.

• disobey

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/

  • Meaning (EN): to refuse to comply with or follow rules or orders

  • Vietnamese: không vâng lời

  • Example: Soldiers who disobey orders risk discharge.

• significant

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /sig'nif.i.kǝnt/

  • Meaning (EN): important; noteworthy

  • Vietnamese: đáng kể; quan trọng

  • Example: There is a significant increase in wildlife sightings.

• accelerate

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /əkˈsel.ə.reɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): to increase speed or rate; to hasten

  • Vietnamese: tăng tốc; đẩy nhanh

  • Example: Climate change accelerates the melting of ice.

• revitalise

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /riˈvaɪ.təˌlaɪz/

  • Meaning (EN): to give new life, energy, or vitality to

  • Vietnamese: làm sống lại; hồi sinh

  • Example: The festival revitalised the town center.

• enact

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ɪˈnækt/

  • Meaning (EN): to make into law; to perform or enact a plan

  • Vietnamese: ban hành; thông qua (luật)

  • Example: Parliament enacted a new environmental bill.

• persistent

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /pəˈsɪs.tənt/

  • Meaning (EN): continuing firmly in a course of action in spite of difficulty

  • Vietnamese: dai dẳng

  • Example: Persistent rain ruined the outdoor event.

• reproduction

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˌriː.prəˈdʌk.ʃən/

  • Meaning (EN): the process of producing offspring; copying or duplicating

  • Vietnamese: sự sinh sản; sự sao chép

  • Example: The study examined animal reproduction in captivity.

• disfigure

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /dɪsˈfɪɡjər/

  • Meaning (EN): to spoil or damage the appearance of something

  • Vietnamese: làm biến dạng (gương mặt)

  • Example: The injury disfigured his face.

• wetland

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˈwɛt.lænd/

  • Meaning (EN): land consisting of marshes or swamps that are saturated with water

  • Vietnamese: đầm lầy

  • Example: Wetlands provide habitat for many species.

• abandon

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /əˈbæn.dən/

  • Meaning (EN): to leave behind; to renounce entirely

  • Vietnamese: từ bỏ; bỏ rơi

  • Example: The hikers had to abandon their journey due to weather.

• replenish

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /riːˈplen.ɪʃ/

  • Meaning (EN): to fill again or restore the supply

  • Vietnamese: bổ sung; làm đầy

  • Example: Water stations replenish the drought-stricken area.

• inundate

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˈɪn.ən.deɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): to flood or overwhelm with abundance

  • Vietnamese: làm ngập lụt

  • Example: The town was inundated after the heavy rainfall.

• deplete

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /dɪˈpliːt/

  • Meaning (EN): to use up the supply of; to drain

  • Vietnamese: làm cho cạn kiệt

  • Example: Overfishing can deplete fish stocks.

• desperate

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ˈdɛs.pər.ɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): feeling hopelessness or readiness to take extreme action; urgent

  • Vietnamese: tuyệt vọng

  • Example: They are in desperate need of assistance.

• plight

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /plaɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): a dangerous, difficult, or unfortunate situation

  • Vietnamese: cảnh ngộ

  • Example: The refugees faced a harsh plight.

• incident

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/

  • Meaning (EN): an event, often unexpected or unpleasant

  • Vietnamese: sự cố; vụ việc

  • Example: The incident was reported to authorities.

• plunge

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /plʌn(d)ʒ/

  • Meaning (EN): to dive or fall quickly; to decrease suddenly

  • Vietnamese: lao vào; lao xuống; lao dốc

  • Example: Prices plunged after the announcement.

• harbour

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˈhɑː.bə(r)/

  • Meaning (EN): to give shelter or refuge; to keep (a negative feeling) inside

  • Vietnamese: chứa chấp; nuôi dưỡng (điều xấu)

  • Example: The island harbours several endangered birds.

• nurture

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˈnɜː.tʃər/

  • Meaning (EN): to care for and encourage the growth or development of

  • Vietnamese: nuôi dưỡng

  • Example: Teachers nurture curious minds.

• interception

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˌɪn.səpˈtʃɛn/

  • Meaning (EN): the act of intercepting or stopping something on its way

  • Vietnamese: sự chặn giữa; sự chặn bắt

  • Example: The interception prevented the delivery from reaching its destination.

• interference

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˌɪn·tərˈfɪə.rəns/

  • Meaning (EN): involvement that impedes or interrupts; unwelcome meddling

  • Vietnamese: sự can thiệp (không liên quan tới mình)

  • Example: There was constant interference in the negotiations.

• intervention

  • Part of speech: n

  • Pronunciation: /ˌɪn.tərˈvɛn.ʃən/

  • Meaning (EN): the action of becoming involved to influence an outcome; an intentional act to change a situation

  • Vietnamese: sự can thiệp (đời sống hoặc tình huống để cải thiện)

  • Example: Government intervention reduced the crisis.

• aggravate

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): to make a problem, injury, or offense worse

  • Vietnamese: làm trầm trọng thêm

  • Example: Noise can aggravate stress in animals.

• incompatible

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ˌɪn.kəmˈpæt.ɪ.bəl/

  • Meaning (EN): unable to exist or work with something else; not compatible

  • Vietnamese: không tương thích

  • Example: These systems are incompatible with the old software.

• inconsequential

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ˌɪn.kɒn.sɪˈkwɛn t∫əl/

  • Meaning (EN): not important or significant

  • Vietnamese: không quan trọng

  • Example: The error was inconsequential to the final result.

• impressionable

  • Part of speech: adj

  • Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpreʃ.ən.ə.bəl/

  • Meaning (EN): easily influenced or affected by others

  • Vietnamese: dễ bị ảnh hưởng

  • Example: Teenagers are especially impressionable.

• alleviate

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): to make something less severe; to relieve

  • Vietnamese: làm dịu; làm giảm bớt

  • Example: Meditation can alleviate anxiety.

• exacerbate

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /ɪɡˈzæs.ər.beɪt/

  • Meaning (EN): to make a problem or bad situation worse

  • Vietnamese: làm trầm trọng thêm

  • Example: Further delays could exacerbate the crisis.

• surmount

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /səˈmaʊnt/

  • Meaning (EN): to overcome a difficulty or obstacle

  • Vietnamese: vượt qua

  • Example: She managed to surmount many obstacles.

• relieve

  • Part of speech: V

  • Pronunciation: /rɪˈliːv/

  • Meaning (EN): to reduce or remove pain or distress; to provide relief

  • Vietnamese: làm dịu; giải tỏa

  • Example: The medicine helped relieve the pain.

Cấu trúc (Structures)

• call for somebody/something

  • Meaning (EN): to require or demand somebody/something; to request publicly

  • Vietnamese: kêu gọi ai/cái gì

• be subject to something

  • Meaning (EN): to be under the influence or control of something; liable to

  • Vietnamese: bị ảnh hưởng bởi cái gì; chịu đựng

• the brink of something

  • Meaning (EN): the edge or verge of a situation

  • Vietnamese: bờ vực của cái gì

• be at risk

  • Meaning (EN): be in a position to be harmed or damaged

  • Vietnamese: gặp rủi ro, gặp nguy hiểm

• mistake something for something

  • Meaning (EN): to confuse one thing with another

  • Vietnamese: nhầm cái gì với cái gì

• be blame for something

  • Meaning (EN): to be held responsible for something

  • Vietnamese: bị cho là có lỗi về cái gì

• have difficulty doing something

  • Meaning (EN): to find it hard to do something

  • Vietnamese: gặp khó khăn khi làm gì

• pose a threat to somebody/something

  • Meaning (EN): to threaten someone or something with harm

  • Vietnamese: gây đe dọa cho ai/cái gì

• đột ngột

  • EN gloss: abruptly; suddenly

• ủ, nuôi dưỡng

  • EN gloss: nurture

• nuôi dưỡng

  • EN gloss: nurture

• sự ngăn chặn

  • EN gloss: prevention or blockage

• sự can thiệp vào tình huống không liên quan tới mình, gây bực mình

  • EN gloss: interference (unwelcome meddling)

• sự can thiệp để cải thiện một tình huống

  • EN gloss: intervention (to improve a situation)

• làm trầm trọng hóa

  • EN gloss: aggravate

• không tương thích

  • EN gloss: incompatible

• không quan trọng

  • EN gloss: inconsequential

• dễ bị ảnh hưởng

  • EN gloss: impressionable

• giảm bớt

  • EN gloss: alleviate or relieve

• làm trầm trọng thêm

  • EN gloss: exacerbate

• vượt qua

  • EN gloss: surmount

• làm dịu đi

  • EN gloss: relieve / alleviate

• kêu gọi ai/cái gì

  • EN gloss: call for somebody/something

• bị cái gì

  • EN gloss: be subjected to something

• bờ vực bị gì

  • EN gloss: the brink of something

• Gặp rủi ro, gặp nguy hiểm

  • EN gloss: be at risk

• nhầm cái gì với cái gì

  • EN gloss: mistake something for something

• gây ra cái gì

  • EN gloss: cause something; bring about

• gặp khó khăn khi làm gì

  • EN gloss: have difficulty doing something

• gây đe dọa đến ai/cái gì

  • EN gloss: pose a threat to somebody/something

Note: The content above is a structured study notes synthesis of the translated vocabulary and phrases from the transcript. Where the original text shows bilingual glosses, the notes provide English definitions, examples, and typical usage to support exam preparation.