Solvent, Solute and Solution

SOLUTE: a solid that dissolves in the solvent

SOLVENT: a liquid that dissolves the solute in it

SOLUTION: a mixture of solvent and solute

Saturated Solution: A solution which contains as much dissolved solid as possible at a particular temperature. (2 marks)

Solubility of a Solute

The maximum mass of a solute that dissolves in 100g of a solvent at a particular temperature. (2 marks)

solubility of a solute = mass of solute / mass of solvent x 100

unit - g/100g (grams per hundred grams)

ex: 18g of NaNO3 (sodium nitrate) was dissolved in 50 cubic centimeters of water to get a saturated solution.

solubility = 18/50 × 100            [50cm3 = 50g]
             = 36g/100g

INVESTIGATING THE SOLUBILITY OF A SOLID IN WATER             

Solubility of KNO3 Investigation

mass of empty basin = 25.72g
mass of empty basin + solution = 58.00g
mass of empty basin + solid = 38.00g

mass of solid (KNO3) = 38.00 - 25.72 = 12.28g

mass of the water = 58.00 - 38.00 = 20.00g

solubility = 12.28/20.00 × 100           
             = 61.4g/100g

THE SOLUBILITY CURVE

Solubility curve shows how solubility changes over temperature.
The solubility of a solid increases as the temperature increases.

The graph shows how the substances’ solubility increased as the temperature did too.
This means that temperature is a factor that affects the solubility of a substance.