Oral Communication

@@Nature and Elements of Communication@@

Communication is a powerful tool for achieving success in both our personal and professional lives.

What is communication?

$Communication$

from the $Latin term “communis”$ which means $to share and inform ideas, feelings, etc.$
is a ^^two-way process, it involves both how we send and receive messages.^^
the ^^act of transmitting intended feelings^^ from one entity or group with the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.
It is a ^^process of creating and sharing ideas, information,^^ view, facts, feelings, etc among the people to reach a common understanding.

  The basic steps of communication are:
  * The forming of communicative intent (the speaker generates an idea)
  * Message encoding (the speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or action)
  * Transmission of encoded messages (the speaker transmits or sends out a message)
  * Reception of signals ( the receiver gets the message)
  * Reconstruction of the original message
  * Interpretation and making sense of the reconstructed message (the receiver decodes or interprets the message)
  * The receiver sends or provides feedback

$The Model of Communication$

The purpose “model” is to %%offer a visual representation of a concept with the intent of facilitating the understanding of it.%%

%%3 Standard models of the Communication Process:%%

^^Linear Communication Model^^

where a sender encodes a message via a $channel and the message is decoded by the receiver; straight-line communication. There’s no immediate response or feedback.$ e.g. radio, newspaper, etc.

^^Interactive Communication^^

It allows for a feedback element because after a message is encoded and sent to the decoding receiver, the roles are then reversed; $a message is sent and received, then the roles reverse$ . e.g.telephone call, or even an email exchange.

^^Transactional Communication Model^^

This model depicts $face-to-face interaction, or “trans-action”$ . A receiver and sender can play the same roles simultaneously, as sometimes happens, as messages can be sent back and forth simultaneously.

==5 Basic Components of Communication Model==

%%sender and receiver%%
%%medium ( carries the message)%%
%%contextual factors%%
%%message itself%%
%%feedback%%

^^Sender and Receiver^^

```

**^^Medium ^^**

@@communicate through speech in a face-to-face conversation, as well as through e-mail, an instant message, a telephone call, or a written letter.@@

**^^Contextual factor^^**

a role in ^^how well the sender and receiver of a message communicate:^^

* ==Body language==
* ==Timing==
* ==Environment==

**^^Message^^**

is defined as $the object of the communication or the thing that is being communicated.$ Messages can have many other purposes, like instructing, warning, greeting, or requesting information.

**^^Feedback^^**

is $any response to a communicated message.$ It takes the form of a message itself, and may be verbal, visual, or written.

* \*\*%%Positive feedback; %%\*\*receiver has understood the message.
* **^^Negative Feedback^^**; receiver either has not received the message or has not understoofd its content.

**@@Verbal Communication@@**

-entails %%the use of words in delivering the intended message.%%

* ^^Written Communication ^^

includes traditional pen and paper letters and doccuments, typed electronic documents, e-mails, text chats, SMS and anything else @@conveyed through written symbols such as language.@@ ```
- ^^Oral Communication^^

- $is the spoken word, either face-to-face or through phone, voice chat, video conferencing or any other medium.$

@@Non-verbal Communication@@

   - entails %%communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages%%.

==Physical nonverbal communication==

- $communicate through body language,$ includes facial expressions, eye contact, body posture, gestures such as wave, pointed finger and the like, overall body movements, tone ofe voice, touch and others.

==Facial Expression==

-are the most $common among all nonverbal communication, it conveys distinct emotions hard to express through verbal communication.$

@@Paralanguage@@

 The ^^way is something is said, rather than what is actually said,^^ is an important component of nonverbal communication.

^^Aesthetic Communication;^^ ^^creative expressions such as dancing, painting, and the like.^^
^^Appearance';^^ ^^the style of dressing and grooming^^, which communicates one’s personality.
^^Space language;^^ such as paintings and landscapes ^^communicate social status and taste^^
^^Symbols^^^^; such as religious, status, or ego-building symbols^^.

==Visual Communication==

   -%%communication through visual aids%% such as signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, color and other electronic resources $. Much more powerful than verbal and nonverbal.$