Oral Communication 

@@Nature and Elements of Communication@@

Communication is a powerful tool for achieving success in both our personal and professional lives.

What is communication?

Communication

  • from the Latin term “communis” which means to share and inform ideas, feelings, etc.

  • is a ^^two-way process, it involves both how we send and receive messages.^^

  • the ^^act of transmitting intended feelings^^ from one entity or group with the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.

  • It is a ^^process of creating and sharing ideas, information,^^ view, facts, feelings, etc among the people to reach a common understanding.

    The basic steps of communication are:

    • The forming of communicative intent (the speaker generates an idea)
    • Message encoding (the speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or action)
    • Transmission of encoded messages (the speaker transmits or sends out a message)
    • Reception of signals ( the receiver gets the message)
    • Reconstruction of the original message
    • Interpretation and making sense of the reconstructed message (the receiver decodes or interprets the message)
    • The receiver sends or provides feedback

The Model of Communication

The purpose “model” is to %%offer a visual representation of a concept with the intent of facilitating the understanding of it.%%

%%3 Standard models of the Communication Process:%%

  • ^^Linear Communication Model^^

    where a sender encodes a message via a channel and the message is decoded by the receiver; straight-line communication. There’s no immediate response or feedback. e.g. radio, newspaper, etc.

  • ^^Interactive Communication^^

    It allows for a feedback element because after a message is encoded and sent to the decoding receiver, the roles are then reversed; a message is sent and received, then the roles reverse. e.g.telephone call, or even an email exchange.

  • ^^Transactional Communication Model^^

    This model depicts face-to-face interaction, or “trans-action”. A receiver and sender can play the same roles simultaneously, as sometimes happens, as messages can be sent back and forth simultaneously.

==5 Basic Components of Communication Model==

  • %%sender and receiver%%
  • %%medium ( carries the message)%%
  • %%contextual factors%%
  • %%message itself%%
  • %%feedback%%

^^Sender and Receiver^^

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**^^Medium ^^**
  • @@communicate through speech in a face-to-face conversation, as well as through e-mail, an instant message, a telephone call, or a written letter.@@
**^^Contextual factor^^**
  • a role in ^^how well the sender and receiver of a message communicate:^^
* ==Body language==
* ==Timing==
* ==Environment==

**^^Message^^**
  • is defined as the object of the communication or the thing that is being communicated. Messages can have many other purposes, like instructing, warning, greeting, or requesting information. 
**^^Feedback^^**
  • is any response to a communicated message. It takes the form of a message itself, and may be verbal, visual, or written.
* \*\*%%Positive feedback; %%\*\*receiver has understood the message.
* **^^Negative Feedback^^**; receiver either has not received the message or has not understoofd its content.

**@@Verbal Communication@@**

-entails %%the use of words in delivering the intended message.%%

* ^^Written Communication ^^
  • includes traditional pen and paper letters and doccuments, typed electronic documents, e-mails, text chats, SMS and anything else @@conveyed through written symbols such as language.@@
* ^^Oral Communication^^

  \-is the spoken word, either face-to-face or through phone, voice chat, video conferencing or any other medium.

**@@Non-verbal Communication@@**
  • entails %%communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages%%.
* ==Physical nonverbal communication==

  \-communicate through body language, includes facial expressions, eye contact, body posture, gestures such as wave, pointed finger and the like, overall body movements, tone ofe voice, touch and others.
* ==Facial Expression==

  \-are the most common among all nonverbal communication, it conveys distinct emotions hard to express through verbal communication.

**@@Paralanguage@@**

The ^^way is something is said, rather than what is actually said,^^ is an important component of nonverbal communication.

* **^^Aesthetic Communication;^^** ^^creative expressions such as dancing, painting, and the like.^^
* **^^Appearance';^^** ^^the style of dressing and grooming^^, which communicates one’s personality.
* **^^Space language;^^** such as paintings and landscapes ^^communicate social status and taste^^
* **^^Symbols^^**^^; such as religious, status, or ego-building symbols^^.

**==Visual Communication==**

-%%communication through visual aids%% such as signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, color and other electronic resources. Much more powerful than verbal and nonverbal.
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