Water is the main inorganic compound of all living organisms 

Carbon is often called the building block of life 

Organic molecules = Macromolecules (Due to their large size compared to inorganic compounds)

Chain of Carbon = Carbon Skeleton (bond with carbon rings; For even larger or more complex molecules)

This form(Connecting) process when the monomer is linked together to form Polymer is called the dehydration reaction 

Subunit of complex molecules = monomer

When monomers are linked together, they form Polymers

Polymers are disassembled/broken down by the addition of water. This process is called the Hydrolysis Reaction

Four Types of Organic compounds ---made up of Hydrogen, Oxygen aside from Carbon

• ⁠proteins — Nitrogen and Sulfur

• ⁠carbohydrates

• ⁠lipids ----(some) nitrogen and phosphorus

• ⁠nucleic acids — nitrogen and phosphorus

PROTEINS

• Abundant organic compounds — 15  the body dry weight

• Are Polymers made up of a chain of the basic building blocks called Amino acids

• Made up of one or more peptides

Important proteins

• Structural Protein - Cells and Tissues(Keratin - Hair, 90% of your hair), Collagen is a fibrous protein found in connective tissues 

to support the

• Enzymatic Proteins - They are responsible for the large amount of energy in the body. Enzymes are the key molecules for chemical reactions

• Transport proteins - used as a carrier, moving substances into and out of the cell. An example is Hemoglobin in the body

• Defense Protein - Defense system, Anti Body Combat against bacteria and viruses. The antigen is used to produce Antibodies, which are foreign substances,

• Regulatory or signal Proteins - Hormones, Growth factors.

• Contractile Proteins - Form of Actin and myosin, that allow movement and cause muscle contraction. Helps regulate body temperature.

• Storage Protein - serves as amino acids, and nourishes the growth and development of organism. Found in egg whites, seeds, milk

Amino Acids

• Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

• The organism uses 20% essential amino acids - serve as building blocks

• A Body is capable of producing 12 amino acids to form proteins

Peptide/polypeptide

-Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds  

Monosaccharides

-Highly soluble in water and can easily pass through membranes such as cell membrane

-simple sugars with only one sugar unit. Identified based on carbon atoms they are made up.

• Triose — three carbon atoms

• Pentose — five carbon atoms

• Hexoses(Most Common) - Six carbon atoms

Disaccharides

-Complex sugars made up of two molecules of monosaccharides chemically joined together

Chemical formula: C12 H22 O11

two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide with the loss of a water molecule is called

Condensation/dehydration synthesis

The chemical reaction where a water molecule is added to split a disaccharide into its component units is called hydrolysis/hydrolytic reaction

Polysaccharides

-Complex sugars made up of chains or branches of monosaccharides formed by condensation reactions

-Acting as energy storage 

Formula: (C6 H10 O5)n ,   n=monosaccharides

Lipids

-an organic substance that includes fats and fat-like substance

-generally hydrophobic substances and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Two types of Fatty acids

• Saturated fatty acids - solid at room temperature

• Unsaturated fatty acids - liquid state at room temperature

Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes.

Waxes are lipids

Steroid are lipids

Triglycerides(blood fats)

Sphingolipids

Nucleic acids

-Organic compounds that function for the storage of genetic information

-Physical carrier of inheritance(From parents to offspring)

-Function in protein synthesis as they carry the code needed for formation

Two types

• DNA

• RNA

(Both are made up of the basic building blocks called nucleotides)