HIST 3150 UGA - US Religions Weaver - Midterm

  • Relative size of catholicism (2nd largest, 1.4billion) and islam (1.8 billion)

  • Know the basic texts of the three major proselytizing religion. (Torah, Bible, Quaran)

  • Sufis are the mystics of Islam

  • W A Criswell leader of fundamentalism's sermon

  • Main protestant denominations and how they came to be. Trace from martin luther, john calvin, calvin's tulip (memonic to remember his teachings, predestination, limited atonement (christ died for sins if you are elect), irresistable grace, perseverance of the saints))

  • 1st muslims probably came from the early voyages of the spaniards. The 1st documented muslims came from enslaved Africans.

    • Ayuba suleiman Diablo, the muslim who was sold into slavery in maryland and his letter to father was sent to Oglethrope who arranged for his freedom.

  • Islamic law is called "Sharia"

    • Know what the Hajj is (pilgrimage)

  • Nation of islam was founded by wallace f mohammad, malcolm X broke with then head of NOI elijah muhmmad and was then assassinated.

  • Methodism founded by john weseley.

  • Know how many sacraments the catholic church recognizes. Protestants only recognize baptism and eucharist.

    • Sacraments (means of getting god's grace): Baptism, confirmation, marriage, eucharist, ordination, last rites, confession

  • The Quran is only considered legitimate in arabic.

  • Martin Luther had a debate about the eucharist with Swindley? and he put a lot of stock in the latin sentence meaning "this is my body"

  • Different views on eucharist

    • Catholicism believes in transubstation.

    • Luther believed in consubstantiation, it is simulatenously the body and blood of jesus but also remains the b

    • Methodists, episcopalians believe in real spiritual presence

  • Methodism began as a reform movement in the anglican church (which came out because of henry 8th's divorce)

  • Fundamentalism J Gretchen Meechan's book, christianity and liberalism popularized the term fundamentalism

  • Azuza Street Revivals, 1st decade of the 20th century which was called the calling out movement for charismatics to come out of the denominations they were in to form new pentecostal denominations.

    • Called pentecostal because the fruits of the spirit were given to the disciples on the pentecost.

  • Know what the crusades and their purpose were.

  • Scopes trial, know what john scopes was tried for, know the two major figures (lawyer) defense (clarence darrow and prosecution (william jennings bryan)

  • Know what eschatology is, branch of theology that discusses death dying and afterlife is. They discuss the end of the world.

  • Disconfirmation - when prophecy fails or is disproven

  • Modern day jehovah's and seventh days adventists grew up out of the 19th century movement called the millerites which predicted the end of the world. These groups still put a strong emphasis on that.

  • Remember that there are more jews in the US than israel

  • Social gospel was early 20th century movement which believed in applying biblical principles to social problems. It believed that humanity was getting better and better and that we can experience heaven on earth. Destroyed by

    • William Jennings Bryan although theologically and socially conservative, was one of these.

  • Most latinos and latinas in the US are catholic

  • Judaism, language, laws and preservation are major issues. Before the founding of Israel Hebrew was almost extinct.

  • Christianity believes in trinity

  • John Wesley believed in prevenient grace, grace of god working in you before you're aware of it. One of the distinctive marks of methodism.

  • Know that indigenous religions don't proselytize, closely tied to culture,

    • Know the 7 characteristics

      • Polycentrism: Not having 1 focus the way Christianity

      • Syncretism: Blending of two or more religions to form a new religion. To be contrasted with religious diphorism which is the practice of having two forms of religions without blending them.

      • Geomythological: Shaped by the environment in which they operate.

  • With regards to christian fundamentalism, they believe in 5 fundamentals

    1. Inerrancy of scripture

    2. Virgin birth of christ

    3. Substitutionary atonement of christ, christ was a living sacrifice for us. Alternative to this is the moral influence view of atonement (him dying makes us want to follow him.)

    4. The bodily resurrection of jesus

    5. The reality of the miracles in the gospels

  • Martin Luther believed in the solas

    • Sola fide: We are saved by faith alone

    • Sola scriptura: There is only one sacred book (the bible)

 

Know chronological order over dates.

 

Essay Questions

  • (pg88) Able to trace the development of protestantism. Martin Luther > Calvin > Church of England > Methodism etc

  • Acknowledge the long history of conflict between islam and the west. From the crusades, to the muslim invasion of europe (spain and sicily), ottoman/muslim siege of vienna, US first foreign war was against the barbary pirates, 9/11 & thereafter

  • Roots and origins of islam. From revelations of muhammad.

  • Be able to discuss liberal/mainline protestantism and how that differs from catholicism.

    • Protestantism is less hierarchical than catholicism

    • Know 21 ecumenical (all bishops invited) in Catholicism. Begins with council of nicea, vatican 1 (combat modernism/socialism, priestly celibacy, infallibility of the pope [has to be invoked - ex cathedra]), and vatican 2 (end to public latin mass, priests would face the congregation)

    • Difference of sacraments