Unit 1 APHG - Quinten

Vocab:

  • Toponym: Names of places

  • Absolute Direction: Exact direction a person is heading

    • Ex. 190 degrees south

  • Relative Direction: Direction given in a relation to another objects location 

  • Absolute Distance: Exact distance between two places or objects ‘

  • Relative Distance: Approximate distance between two places or objects

  • Clustered Spatial Analysis: Objects in an area are close together 

  • Dispersed Spatial Analysis: Objects in an area are spread out 

  • Remote Sensing: Process of collecting info about the Earth through Satellites

  • GIS: Computer System that can collect, analyze, and display geodata

  •  GPS: Network of Satellites used to determine location of something on Earth 

  • Field Observations: Having people go into the real world and record what they see 

  • Qualitative Data: Data often shown in word form, up for debate

  • Quantitative Data: Data shown in number form, facts and not up for debate

  • Sense of Place: Strong feeling or perception people have to a place 

  • Concentration: How things are spread out

  • Density: How many objects are in a specific area 

  • Pattern: Arrangement of objects in a specific area 

  • Flow: Movement of things from one place to another 

  • Time-Space Compression: Reduction of time it takes for an object to get somewhere 

  • Distance Decay: Farther the people and places are, the less likely they are to interact

  • Environmental Determinism: Idea that environment sets possibilities for humans/society

  • Environmental Possibilism: Idea that environment sets limits for humans or society, however believes they have the ability to overcome that limit 

  • Land use: The way land is used in an area 

  • Renewable Resource: Resource that can be used many times without running out

  • Unrenewable Resource: Resource that can only be used once 

  • Small Scale Maps: Maps that show little information

  • Large Scale Maps: Maps that show lots of information

  • Formal/Uniform Regions: Areas that have common attributes

  • Functional/Nodal Regions: Areas that are centered around a node or center point

  • Perceptual/Vernacular Regions: Areas that are linked together due to people's perceptions on them. 


Types of Maps:

  • Reference Maps

    • Maps that show boundaries, names of places, and geographic features of areas

  • Thematic Maps: 

    • Map that uses spatial patterns of places, and uses quantitative data to display specific topics


Types of Reference maps:

  • Topographic: Uses contour lines to display both terrain and elevation changes in an area

Types of Thematic Maps:

  • Choropleth: Displays information using different colors or shades of colors

  • Dot-density: Shows data by placing dots on a map that show where data is occuring

  • Graduated Symbol: Shows data through shapes, symbols, or items 

  • Isoline: Use lines to connect different areas that have similar or equal amount of data

  • Cartogram: Shows data by greatest value being the largest area

  • Flow-Line: Shows movement of things between different places

Map Projections:

  • Mercator

    • Shows accurate direction

    • Size and location of land masses is heavily distorted 

  • Goode Homolosine 

    • Shows true size and shape of land masses

    • Has distortion of distances around edges of map

  • Robinson Projection

    • More distortion towards the poles of globe, which helps keep size and shape of land masses

    • Spreads distortion out during all areas of the map 

  • Gall-Peters Projection

    • Shows true size of earth's land masses

    • Shows distortion in shape of land masses and direction


  • Interrupted Map: Map that tries to remove distortion by removing parts of the globe

  • Uninterrupted Map: Map that displays entirety of Earth's surface