Lesson 1: Basic Terms and Concept

Statistics

Science of analyzing and collecting numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.

Basic Terms in Statistics

Data - values that are variable can assume

Variable - observable or measurable in every unit

Population - set of all possible values of variable

Sample - subgroup of population

Classifications of Variables

Quantitative variable - number that represent an amount or count. Ask questions such as “how much” or “how many”. (E.g. height, weight, household size, no. Of students)

Discrete variable - data that can be counted. (E.g. no. Of days, sibling, students and daily allowance)

Continuous variable - can be measured. It can assume all values between two specific values like 1.5 or 0.6. (E.g. weight, body temperature, Height)

Probability

Basic Terms in Probability

Experiment - activity which result cannot be predicted with certainty

Trial - repetition of activity

Outcome - result of experiment

Event - collection of outcome

Simple Event - event w only one possible outcome

Sample Space - contains all possible outcome.

• Example 1 - Coin toss. {HEAD or TAIL} = 2

• Example 2 - throwing die. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = 6

Probability formula

P(E) = n(E) / n(S)

P(E) - Probability of an event

n(E) - Number of event

n(S) - Number of sample space