Definitions

Diffusion

• the spreading of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Brownian motion

• constant, fast and random motion of particles

State of matter

• solid, liquid gas

  • kinetic and intermolecular

Temperature

• measure of average kinetic energy

Assumptions of Kinetic molecular theory

• matter is made of tiny particles

• constant random motion

• higher temp = fatser

Atom

• smallest building block of matter

Compound

• a group of 2 or more atoms combined in definite proportions

Molecular substance

• covalent molecular

  • exist and interact as separate molecules

    • not strong, low MP + BP, poor conductor, dissolve in solvent

      • eg. oxygen, Sulphur, Bucky balls, water and octane

• covalent network

  • giant 3 dimensional lattices

    • high MP + BP, poor conductor, very strong

      • graphite layers have weak bonds, can conduct

Ionic compounds

• transfer of electrons metal → non-metal

• Giant ionic lattice

  • strong electrical attraction

  • high MP, conductors when molten, hard/brittle, mostly soluble

metallic substances

• lattice of positive ions + delocalized electrons