Political Power and Territoriality

Religious and Ethnic Conflicts

• Divisions within Islam arose after Muhammad's death in 632, particularly concerning succession.
• The rivalry between Sunni-dominated Saudi Arabia and Shia-dominated Iran highlights this conflict.
• Ethnic differences exacerbate religious tensions: Saudis are Arabs, while Iranians are Persians.
• Both countries vie for regional power, causing tension and instability.

Shia Population Distribution

• Several countries in the Middle East and Asia have significant Shia populations (over 15%).
  • Examples include: Azerbaijan, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, Kuwait, Bahrain, Pakistan, Egypt, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen and India.

Economic Conflicts and Territoriality: Spratly Islands

• Multiple countries (Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, Taiwan, and China) claim sovereignty over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.
• Reasons for conflict:
  • Potential petroleum reserves.
  • Important fishing grounds.
  • Major international shipping lanes.