Newtonian Physics

Basic Concepts in Physics

  • Mass:
    • Intuitive measure of the amount of matter in an object.
    • Measured in kilograms (kg).
    • Mass is constant and never changes.
  • Weight:
    • Measures gravitational force attracting an object to a planet's surface.
    • Weight varies depending on the gravitational force.
    • Weight is proportional to mass.
    • Objects in space have no weight due to lack of gravity.
  • Density:
    • Defined as mass per unit volume.
    • Measured in kg/m3.
    • Example: Density of bricks vs. feathers (same mass, different volume).
    • Density=MassVolumeDensity = \frac{Mass}{Volume}
    • If a material has a density of 1kg/m31 kg/m^3:
      • 1m31 m^3 of the material has a mass of 1 kg.
      • 2m32 m^3 of the material has a mass of 2 kg.
  • Example values:
    • The average density of a brick is 2,000kg/m32,000 kg/m^3.
    • The average density of a feather is 2kg/m32 kg/m^3, which is 1,000 times smaller.
  • Momentum:
    • Product of mass and velocity.
    • Momentum=mass×velocityMomentum = mass \times velocity
    • Units are kg ⋅ m/s.
    • Represents the