Newtonian Physics

Basic Concepts in Physics

• Mass:
  • Intuitive measure of the amount of matter in an object.
  • Measured in kilograms (kg).
  • Mass is constant and never changes.
• Weight:
  • Measures gravitational force attracting an object to a planet's surface.
  • Weight varies depending on the gravitational force.
  • Weight is proportional to mass.
  • Objects in space have no weight due to lack of gravity.
• Density:
  • Defined as mass per unit volume.
  • Measured in kg/m3.
  • Example: Density of bricks vs. feathers (same mass, different volume).
  • Density = \frac{Mass}{Volume}
  • If a material has a density of 1 kg/m^3:
    • 1 m^3 of the material has a mass of 1 kg.
    • 2 m^3 of the material has a mass of 2 kg.
• Example values:
  • The average density of a brick is 2,000 kg/m^3.
  • The average density of a feather is 2 kg/m^3, which is 1,000 times smaller.
• Momentum:
  • Product of mass and velocity.
  • Momentum = mass \times velocity
  • Units are kg ⋅ m/s.
  • Represents the