Civic 1.05- Guided Notes - The Making of a U.S. Citizen

Citizen: A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.
Government: The governing body of a nation, state, or community.
Citizenship: The status of being a citizen, including the rights, duties, and privileges associated with belonging to a nation.
Alien: A person who belongs to a foreign country or nation and is not a citizen of the country in which they are residing.
Immigrate: To come to live permanently in a foreign country.
Immigrants: People who move to a new country to settle there permanently.
Community: A group of people living in the same place or sharing common laws, interests, and governance.
Rights: Entitlements and freedoms guaranteed to individuals and protected by law.
Jury: A body of citizens sworn to give a verdict in a legal case based on evidence presented in court.
Passport: An official document issued by a government certifying the holder's identity and citizenship, allowing travel to and from foreign countries.
Obligations: Duties or actions that individuals are required to perform by law (e.g., paying taxes, serving on a jury).
Native: A person born in a specified place or country.
Residency: The legal state of living or dwelling in a particular country or jurisdiction.
Legal Resident: A non-citizen who has received official authorization to live and work in the United States permanently.

Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution defines citizenship?
- The 14th Amendment defines citizenship ("All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.").
Definitions:
- Pledge: A solemn promise or agreement.
- Allegiance: Loyalty or commitment to a nation, government, or cause.

Rights and Responsibilities	Legal Citizens Only	All U.S. residents
Serving on a jury	X
Attending school		X
Attending a city council meeting		X
Obtaining a U.S. passport	X
Voting in national elections	X
Paying taxes		X
Volunteering in the community		X
Working for the federal government, with few exceptions	X
Working for a privately run business, like a restaurant		X
Running for federal office	X
Writing a letter to the newspaper about a local law		X
Obeying laws		X

Birth	Naturalization
Law of Soil (Jus Soli): Born in any U.S. state, territory, or military base.	Legal, permanent U.S. resident for at least five years (or three years if married to someone who has been a U.S. citizen for at least three years).
Law of Blood (Jus Sanguinis): Born in another country to at least one parent who is a U.S. citizen.	Must be at least 18 years old.
Automatic status obtained at birth without going through an application process.	Must be able to read, write, and speak basic English.
Status cannot be revoked unless citizenship was improperly claimed.	Must pass a civics test covering U.S. history and government principles.
Eligible to hold the office of President of the United States (Natural-born citizen requirement).	Must demonstrate good moral character and take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States.