Observable Defects
- Shoulder tips even
- One shoulder higher than the other
- Obvious deformities (muscle indentions, bone fragments, etc)
- Head and spinal position
- Winged scapula
4 Trails
- Along the edges
- In the trenches
- Springboard ledge
- Two hills and a valley
Shoulder ROM Ranges
- Flexion - 0-180 degrees
- Extension - 0-50 degrees
- Horizontal Abduction - 0-90 degrees
- Horizontal Adduction - 0-45 degrees
- Abduction - 0-180 degrees
- Adduction - 30-50 degrees
- Internal Rotation - 70-90 degrees
- External Rotation - 90 degrees
Rotator Cuff Muscle
- Supraspinatus - elevates shoulder out to the side
- Infraspinatus - externally rotates the shoulder joint
- Teres Minor - externally rotates the shoulder joint
- Subscapularis - allows humerus to move freely during elevation of arm