RAITE 2024 Quiz Bee

Information and Communications Technology

·         It is a field that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and manipulate information.  ACRONYM: ICT

Internet of Things

·         This describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.  ACRONYM: IOT

Machine Learning (ML)

·         A branch of AI and computer science that focuses on the development, study, and use of data and algorithms to create an AI that can learn and perform tasks without explicit instruction.  ACRONYM: ML

Data Privacy Act of 2012

·         Republic Act No. 10173: AN ACT PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL INFORMATION IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS IN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR, CREATING FOR THIS PURPOSE A NATIONAL PRIVACY COMMISSION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attack

·         A form of cyber attack that aims to disrupt a machine, server, website, or network resource by overwhelming it with a flood of Internet traffic. This is done with multiple machines that send malicious traffic all at once.  ACRONYM: DDoS

Botnet

·         A group of computers that have been infected with malware and are controlled by a malicious actor. These computers are used to accomplish tasks such as spam, DDoS attacks, and stealing data.

Ransomware

·         This is malware designed to deny access to a victim's files and personal data, unless they pay a ransom to the attackers.

Vulnerability

·         Flaws in a computer system or software that weaken its overall security, which hackers can exploit to deliver an attack.

Exploit

·         This is a method, a software tool, or a piece of code that takes advantage of a vulnerability for malicious purposes such as gaining unauthorized access.

Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE)

·         This is an attacker's ability to inject or run any commands or code on a target machine or process through a vulnerability.  Acronym: ACE

Phishing

·         A form of social engineering attack that tricks victims into giving away sensitive information (usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, etc.) or installing malware, usually by emails that pretend to be from organizations or fake websites that imitate login pages.

Social Engineering

·         This is the use of psychological manipulation to trick people into giving away sensitive information or allowing access to a computer system.

Malware

·         These are malicious software designed to damage a computer system, steal private information, or gain unauthorized access.

Worm

·         A form of malware primarily designed to self-replicate and infect other computers without human intervention, which disrupts the computer network.

Zero-day vulnerability

·         A vulnerability in software or hardware that is discovered by attackers but unknown to the software vendors. These vulnerabilities have no official patches or fixes available at the time of discovery.

Trojan Horse

·         A type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate program, which allows attackers to perform malicious behaviors on the victims without them noticing.

Spyware

·         A type of malware that gathers and steals data from the user and sends it to third parties without their knowledge.

Virus

·         A type of malware that inserts its own code into other programs and using them to replicate itself and spread to other computers.

WannaCry

·         This was a ransomware attack in May 2017 that exploited a Windows vulnerability to infect more than 300,000 computers and caused $4 billion in damages. The ransomware encrypted the victims' computers and coerced them to pay in Bitcoin if they want to decrypt their files.

ILOVEYOU

·         This was a computer worm that infected over 10 million computers around May 5, 2000 and spread through emails that pretended to be love letters. The worm was created by Filipino college student Onel de Guzman in hopes to steal Internet login details and connect to the Internet.

Pointer

·         In C and C++, these are variables that point to the memory address of another variable.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

·         This is a language used to create and manage databases, namely in a relational database.  ACRONYM: SQL

Augmented Reality (AR)

·         This is an interactive experience that integrates digital information and stimuli into the real world, usually by projecting a digital overlay in a real-world environment

Generative AI

·         This is a recent form of AI that uses models to produce text, images, video, or audio, in response to a user's input or prompts.

Large Language Model (LLM)

·         A type of generative AI designed to generate and understand human language by training on large amounts of text data and predicting the most likely output in response to a certain text.  ACRONYM: LLM

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

·         a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria  ACRONYM: TCP/IP

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

·         A core communication protocol of the Internet. This is a fast connectionless protocol used for time-sensitive applications such as gaming, streaming, and DNS lookups, though it is prone to packet loss and disordered packets.  ACRONYM: UDP

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

·         This was the first wide-area packet-switched network to implement the TCP/IP suite. It was first used in 1969 by the US Department of Defense for academic and research purposes and was finally decommissioned in 1989. It is also known as the predecessor to the modern Internet.  ACRONYM: ARPANET

Transmission Control Protocol

·         This is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite, allowing devices and programs to communicate over a network. It is a connection-based protocol that ensures reliable data delivery by ensuring that packets are delivered complete and in the correct order.  ACRONYM: TCP

IP Address

·         A unique address that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network, which is used to identify a device and its location on the network for communication.

Port

·         This is a number assigned to uniquely identify a connection endpoint and to direct data to a specific service. At the software level, within an operating system, a port is a logical construct that identifies a specific process or a type of network service. Certain ports are reserved for different protocols or programs.

Hashing

·         This is a tool that ensures data integrity by taking binary data (the message) and producing a fixed-length representation called the hash value or message digest.

Salting

·         This is to make hashing more secure by adding an additional input to the password before hashing. This creates a different hash result for the two passwords.

Public key cryptography

·         This is a method of encrypting or signing data with two different keys and making one of the keys, the public key, available for anyone to use. The other key is known as the private key. Data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key.

Digital signature

·         This is a mathematical technique used to validate the authenticity and integrity of a digital document, message or software.

Digital certificate

·         Also known as an identity certificate or a public key certificate, this is a form of electronic password using the public key infrastructure (PKI) that allows individuals and organizations to exchange data over the internet in a secure manner. It uses cryptography and a public key to prove the authenticity of a server, device, or user, ensuring that only trusted devices can connect to an organization’s network.

RSA

·         This is a type of asymmetric encryption, which uses two different but linked keys. Both the public and the private keys can encrypt a message. The opposite key from the one used to encrypt a message is used to decrypt it.

Rivest, Shamir, Adleman

·         RSA stands for the surnames of its creators; who are they?

Message Digest 5 (MD5)

·         A widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 and can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption.

Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA)

·         This is a family of cryptographic functions designed to keep data secured. It works by transforming the data using a hash function: an algorithm that consists of bitwise operations, modular additions, and compression functions.      ACRONYM: SHA

Client-server architecture

·         This is a computing model that separates tasks between clients and servers. Clients request services from the server, such as web browsers or emaiol clients, while servers process requests, gather information, generate results, and send them back to the clients.

Subnet mask

·         A four-octet number used to identify the network ID portion of a 32-bit IP address by separating an IP address into network and host portions.

Default gateway

·         A network node that forwards traffic to other networks when a packet's destination IP address doesn't match any other route specifications. It's the first path that information takes between systems, and is usually the IP address of a router.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTML)

·         An application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML. It was designed for communication between web browsers and web servers, but it can also be used for other purposes, such as machine-to-machine communication, programmatic access to APIs, and more.  ACRONYM: HTML

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

·         This is an Internet standard communication protocol for email transmission. Mail servers and other message transfer agents use this to send and receive mail messages.  ACRONYM: SMTP

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

·         This is a protocol for receiving email that allows users to access their emails from different devices.  ACRONYM: IMAP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

·         This is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network. It is built on a client–server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server.  ACRONYM: FTP

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

·         This is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content.  ACRONYM: HTML

Cascading Style Sheets

·         This is a style sheet language used for specifying the presentation and styling of a document written in a markup language such as HTML or XML. It is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to alter the font, color, size, and spacing of content, split it into multiple columns, or add animations and other decorative features.  ACRONYM: CSS

JavaScript

·         This is a programming language and core technology of the Web, along with HTML and CSS. It is used to control the behavior of webpages.

Tim Berners-Lee

·         He is the inventor of the World Wide Web.

Relational Database

·         This is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another.

INNER JOIN

·         This SQL keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables.

Database Normalization

·         The process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are always unambiguous and as intended with no redundancies.

Primary Key

·         This is an attribute in a relational database table that uniquely identifies each record. They must be unique and cannot contain null values. Each table can only contain one of these. 

Field

·         This refers to a set of values arranged in a table and has the same data type. It is also known as a column or attribute

Record

·         This represents a collection of attributes that describe a real-world entity, and is also known as a row.

Foreign Key

·         This is a set of attributes in a table that refers to the primary key of another table, linking these two tables.

Query

·         This is a request for data or information from a database, written in a certain format.