Art History Midterm

Portraiture: The art of creating portraits, capturing the likeness, personality, and mood of a person.

Landscape: Artistic representation of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests.

Hudson River School: A mid-19th century American art movement led by a group of landscape painters influenced by Romanticism.

Fresco: A technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime plaster.

Oil Paint: A type of paint made by mixing pigments with oil, typically linseed oil, known for its rich colors and versatility.

Tempera Paint: A fast-drying painting medium made from colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, often egg yolk.

Canvas: A heavy-duty fabric used as a surface for painting, typically stretched over a wooden frame.

Triptych, Diptych, Polyptych: Artworks consisting of multiple panels; a triptych has three panels, a diptych has two, and a polyptych has more than three.

Gilding: The process of applying gold leaf or gold paint to a surface.

Guilds: Associations of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular area.

Sfumato: A painting technique for softening transitions between colors, creating a smoky effect.

Printmaking: Woodcut and Engraving: Techniques for creating images by carving into a surface (woodcut) or incising into a metal plate (engraving).

Pigments: Colored substances used in paint and other art materials.

Linseed Oil: Oil extracted from flax seeds, commonly used as a binder in oil paints.

Chiaroscuro: The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.

Tenebrism: An extreme form of chiaroscuro where darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image.

Glazing - Oil Paint technique of Titian: A method of applying thin layers of oil paint to create depth and luminosity.

Three divisions of Renaissance:

1. Early Renaissance: Artists like Giotto and Masaccio.

2. High Renaissance: Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

3. Late Renaissance (Mannerism): Artists like El Greco and Pontormo.

Renaissance: A period of cultural revival and growth in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, marked by a renewed interest in classical art and learning.

“Mona Lisa” Sister Painting: A painting known as the "Isleworth Mona Lisa," believed by some to be an earlier version of the famous "Mona Lisa."

Leonardo DaVinci Horse Information: Leonardo's studies and sketches of horses, including his plans for a monumental equestrian statue.

Baroque: An artistic style characterized by exaggerated motion and clear detail used to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur.

Rococo: An 18th-century artistic movement and style characterized by ornate decoration, light colors, and playful themes.

Medici family’s role in the art of the Italian Renaissance: The Medici family were major patrons of the arts, supporting artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Botticelli.

Enlightenment: An intellectual and philosophical movement in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional doctrines.

Patron: A person who provides financial or other support to artists, enabling them to create their work.