105.3 Notes- Sculpture Skills

Notes:

  • 7 sculpting procedures

    • Unique system for producing predictable results

    • Steps:

      • Section

      • Head position

      • Part

      • Distribute

      • Project

      • Finger/shear position

      • Design line

  • Section

    • Sections are workable areas for control

    • Performed with a wide tooth end of the sculpting comb

    • Individual sections are kept neat and secured with clips

    • Determined by:

      • Changes in deisgn lines, projection angles or distribution

      • Hair’s natural growth patterns

      • Each form’s proportional relationship within the combination form

  • Head anatomy/referrence points

    • Apex

      • Top or highest point of the head

    • Crest area

      • Widest area of the head

    • Interior

      • Area above the crest area

    • Exterior

      • Area below the crest area

    • Front and back

      • Divided by a line that runs from the apex to each each

    • Top

      • Upper portion of scalp, behind the forheadd

    • Side

      • Area in front of and above the ear

    • Fringe area

      • Area in front of the apex that may extent to the outer corner of each eye

    • Crown

      • Area in the upper back and above the crest area, beings where the top of the head begins to curve downward

    • Occipital

      • Protruding bone located below the crest area in back of the head

    • Nape

      • Area below the occipital

    • Perimeter

      • Area all around the hairline

  • Head position

    • Positions:

      • Upright

        • Most frequently used to achieve the most natural, pure result

        • Allows the professional to see the mautral fall of the hair and more clrealy gauge the design line and projection angles

      • Forward

        • Produces hair lengths that are slightly shorter in the nape and longer surface lengths

        • Results in a slight underbevel effect with ends that turn under when the head is returned to its normal upright position

        • Often used when refining form lines or when sculpting the nape area very short

        • Commonly used when sculpting increase layered forms since it facilitates distributing and projecting the lengths upward

      • Tilted to either side

        • Reforms lines

        • Used when sculpting short forms to refine the hairline at the ear and sideburn area or to refine the form line at the sides

    • Influences the fall of the hair

  • Partings

    • Lines that subdivide sections of hair in order to separate, distribute, and control the hair while sculpting

    • The parting pattern ised is generally parallel to the design line

    • Size of the parting, or the space between the parting lines is determines by the density of the hair

    • Diagonal back lines are lines the travel away from the face, resulting in a backward flow of the hair

    • Diagonal forward lines are lines that travel toward the face, resulting in a forward flow of the hair

    • Concave lines curve inward, like the inside of a sphere

    • Convex lines curve outward, like the outside of a sphere

    • Celestial axis is a symbol used to identify straight and curved lines, directions and projection angles

  • Distribute

    • Distribution is the direction is which the hair is combed in relation to its base parting

    • 4 types of distribution:

      • Natural

        • Direction hair assumes as it falls naturally from the head due to gravity

        • Used from horizontal and diagonal partings

        • Primarily used for solid form

      • Perpendicular

        • Hair is combed at a 90 degree from its parting

        • Used from horizontal, diagonal or vertical partings

        • Primarily used to sculpt graduated and layered forms

      • Shifted

        • Hair is combed out of nautral distribution in any direction except perpendicular to its base parting

        • Overdirection

        • Used from horizontal, diagonal and vertical partings

        • Used to achieve an exaggerated length increase and blending within the form

      • Directional

        • Hair is distributed straight up, straight out, or straight back from the curve of the head

        • Used from horizontal, vertical, or diagonal partings

        • Results in length increases due to the curve of the head, used to sculpt square (rectilinear) forms using the planar sculpting technique

    • Planar sculpting

      • Technique in which the hair is sculpted along horizontal and vertical planes

  • Projection

    • Elevation

    • The angle at which the hair is held in relation to the curve of the head prior to and while sculpting

    • Most ocmmon projection angles are:

      • 0 degrees

      • 45 degrees

      • 90 degrees

        • Builds weight

        • 90 and above layer the hair and diminish weight

    • Higher the porjection the less weight buildup in the resulting form

    • A quadrant of the celestial axis is used to determine projection angles from the straight and curved surfaces of the head

    • Projection range

      • 0-30

        • Low projection

      • 30-60

        • Medium projection

      • 60-90

        • High projection

    • Projection for different forms

      • Solid form

        • Natural fall is the natural position hair assumes due to gravitational pull

        • In some areas of the head, nautral fall may also be 0 degrees

        • When the hair is in natural fall, it is neither lefted from the scalp nor moved toward the scalp

        • With 0 projection the hair is held flat to the surface of the head while sculpting

      • Graduated form

        • Standard projection angle used to sculpt graduated forms is 45 degrees

        • The higher the projection angle, the greater the amount of graduated texture

      • Increase-layered form

        • Projection angle of the stationary design line establishes the location where all other lengths are converged

        • Generally use angles of 0, 45, or 90 for the stationary design line

      • Uniformly Layered form

        • Projection angle used to sculpt is 90 from the curve of the head

        • Normal projection

        • Maintaining a consistent 90 degrees angle from the various curves of the head is important for uniformly layered forms since inconsistency will result in uneven lengths

  • Finger/shear position

    • REfers to the position of the fingers and shears relative to the base parting

    • The two basic types of finger/shear positions are:

      • Parallel

        • Fingers are positioned at an equal distance away from the aprting while sculpting

        • Will result in the purest reflextion of the chosen line

      • Nonparallel

        • Fingers are positioned unequally away from the aprting while sculpting

        • Used to create exaggerated length increases, to blend between contrasting lengths

  • Design line

    • The basic artistic pattern or length guide used while sculpting and can be stationary or mobile

    • Any straight or curved line of the celestial axis can be used to create or analyze a design line

    • Stationary design line:

      • Constant, stable guide to which all lengths are directed

      • Used when a progression of lengths in the opposite direction is desired

      • Most often used to sculpt solid and increase layered forms, and is used to achieve a weight area in graduated forms

    • Mobile design line

      • Movable guide the consists of a small amount of previously sculpted hair used as a length guide to sculpt subsequent partings

      • Traveling guide

      • Used to sculpt graduated and layered forms and square combination forms

    • Cross checking

      • The final stage of sculpting, in which the balance of accuracy of the sculpture is checked by using the line opposite the original parting pattern

  • Sculpting considerations

    • Some things to consider before/when performing a hair sculpture

      • Growth patterns

      • Fringe and nape variations

      • Hair texture considerations

      • Dry sculpting considerations

    • Growth patterns:

      • Widow’s peak

        • Prominent hair growth pattern that forms from a point at the fornt of the hairline and curves to one side

        • Leave the fringe area longer to avoid a spiking effect with the hair sticking straight up

      • Cowlick

        • Characterized by a strong growth pattern that moves to the right or left, usually found in straight or wavy ahri at the front hairline or crown but can also occur at the nape

        • Sculpt the hair follow the same direction it naturally frows and falls

        • Allow additional length in this area to avoid spiking

      • Whorl

        • Strong circular directional growth on either side fo the nape or crown

        • Allow additional length so the hair will remain flat or sculpt the hair very close to the scalp to avoid spiking