Music and Dance Notes

Purpose of Music and its Repertoire

  • Six classifications demonstrate music's importance in socio-cultural aspects of civilized human life.

1. Music for Religious Purposes

  • Used for worship in most denominations.
  • Enhances human senses, making worship more enjoyable.
  • Examples:
    • Mosque Music
    • Dervish Lodge music
    • Liturgical Music

2. Music for Entertainment

  • Essential for successful entertainment, captivating and engaging audiences.
  • Musical entertainment includes concerts and similar events with musical performance (with or without singing).
  • Examples:
    • Exhibition entertainment
    • Live entertainment
    • Mass media entertainment industry

3. Music for Tribal Identity

  • Used as part of cultural heritage in ceremonies and ceremonial customs.
  • Examples:
    • A boat song
    • Song in slow triple time
    • A mournful song

4. Music for Socio-Cultural Occasions

  • Celebrated during festivals, fiestas, weddings, and burials.
  • Helps people unwind, express themselves, understand emotions, and be happier.
  • A means of self-expression and healing, influencing actions in society.
  • Examples:
    • A song sung at feast
    • Youth culture
    • Racial integration

5. Music of Political Campaign

  • Used to increase political patronage and assurance to win elections.
  • Enlivens, excites, and encourages a campaign.
  • Examples:
    • Ang Presidente - Bise Presidente
    • Nais Ko

6. Music for Earning Prestige

  • Enhances talent, offering numerous opportunities.
  • People participate in singing competitions to improve their fortunes.
  • Examples:
    • R&B
    • Hiphop

The Six Major Periods of the Development of Music

MEDIEVAL PERIOD (450-1400)

  • Also known as the Middle Ages or the Dark Ages.
  • From the collapse of Roman civilization to the Renaissance.
  • Troubadours (Southern Europe) and trouveres (France) performed secular music about heroic deeds and love.
  • Characteristics:
    • Simple tunes
    • Chant Music
    • Passing of music through word of mouth
    • Beginning of formal notation
    • Beginning and flourishing of music theories
    • Beginning and development of musical instruments
  • Samples:
    • Rom Condeno's "Music of Medieval Period"
    • Gesmusic "Medieval Musicians"
Music Instruments during the Medieval period
  • Utilizes wind, string, and percussion instruments.
1. WIND INSTRUMENTS
  • Flute (transverse woodwind instrument), and trumpet (limited range, used to send orders in battles).
  • Samples:
    • Lisa Balvanz "Medieval ancient flute"
    • Victor Eijkhout “Suck but, Medieval ancient trumpet"
2. STRING INSTRUMENTS
  • Lute (pear-shaped body with gut strings), fiddle (developed from Byzantine Lyra, precursor to violin), gittern (plucked with a quill, gut strings).
  • Samples:
    • Joseph W. Drexel "Sixtus Rauh wolff's Lute 1596"
    • Seraphim Protos "Fiddle in Steven Lee's Baroque Bow and Beginner"
    • Pinterest "Gitter" Rome
3. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
  • Dulcimer (plucked by striking), tambourine (shallow drum with metal disks), drums (barrel-shaped, struck with sticks or hands).
  • Samples:
    • Marcille Wallis "Dulcimer image"
    • Michael Dooley "Tambourine Image" Lone starb Percussion, 1978"
    • Ancient image drum
Famous Personalities Composers
  • Pope Gregory the Great: Founder of the Gregorian Chant.
  • Guillaume de Machaut: Founder of secular music, inspired writers.
  • Hildegard of Bingen: German nun, herbalist, and composer, produced 69 musical compositions.
  • Samples:
    • John S. Knox "Pope Gregory the Great image"
    • Guillaume de Machaut
    • Hopkin, Owen, Hildegard of Bingen image.
MUSICAL GENRE DURING THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

*Religious music (sacred music) was popular.
*Gregorian chant most popular (named after Pope Gregory) sang by religious monks.

Music Genre of the Renaissance Period

*Madrigal
*Laude
*Spiritual
*Motet

THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1400-1600)

  • Revival of culture from Greece and Rome.
  • Music underwent development:
    1. Music began to circulate all over Europe due to printing press improvements.
    2. Women were accepted in the musical scene.
    3. Polyphonic music began.
    4. Aristocrats and rich people hired musicians for celebrations.
    5. Secular music became widespread.
    6. Instrumental music gained attractiveness.
    7. Vocal music still existed.
  • Samples:
    • Michael Johnson's "Renaissance Period Music"
    • Renaissance music and dance "Female musicians"
Musical Characteristics & Terminologies
  • HARMONY - 2 or more notes being played at the same time.
  • TRIAD - 3 notes being played at the same time.
  • MAJOR TRIAD - happy tune (4hs,3hs4hs, 3hs interval).
  • MINOR TRIAD - sad tune (4hs,3hs4hs, 3hs).
  • WORD PAINTING - musical representation of poetic images.
  • RENAISSANCE MOTET - polyphonic chorale work set to a sacred Latin text.
  • RENAISSANCE MASS - polyphonic chorale composition of 5 sections (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei).
  • RENAISSANCE MADRIGAL - secular vocal sons set to poems in various languages.
Famous Composers
  • Josquin des Perez: Flemish composer, founder of Renaissance Motet, famous work is Ave Maria… Virgo Serena (1475).
  • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: Founder of Renaissance Mass, famous work is Pope Marcellus Mass (1552-1553).
  • Thomas Weelkes: English Madrigals, famous work is As Vesta Was Descending (1601).

BAROQUE PERIOD (1600-1750)

  • Baroque means "bizarre".
  • Also known as the