Body Systems

Anatomy The study of the shape and structure of an organism and its parts Physiology The study of the functions of a living organism and its parts Anterior Towards the front Posterior Towards the back Superior Towards the head Inferior Towards the feet Integumentary System functions Provides protection for the body, allows sensation, regulates body temperature, and makes vitamin D Integumentary System parts Skin, hair, and nails Skeletal System functions Provides shape, support, and protection for the body, while allowing it to move Skeletal Tissue parts Bones, cartilage, joints, and marrow Muscular System functions Controls all movement in the body Muscular System parts Muscles, tendons, and ligaments Digestive System functions Breaks down food so that it becomes a form that can be used by the body, then gets rid of food waste Digestive System parts Mouth, tongue, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder Excretory System functions Removes liquid wastes from the body Excretory System parts Bladder, kidneys, urethra, ureter, skin, and lungs Respiratory System functions Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide Respiratory System parts Nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm Circulatory System functions Circulates food and oxygen to all body cells, as well as carries cell wastes for removal; distributes white blood cells around the body to fight infections; helps regulate body temperature Circulatory System parts Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, and blood Lymphatic System functions Lymph leaked from the blood vessels filters and protects the body from threats, such as bacteria and viruses Lymphatic System parts Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, bone marrow, thymus gland Immune System functions This network of defenses detect, isolate, and destroy harmful substances Immune System parts Nonspecific: skin, mucous membranes, inflammation, fever; specific: lymphocytes (white blood cells) Nervous System functions Sends messages to control all body function; receives signals and processes information; transmits responses to organs Nervous System parts Brain, spinal cord, nerves Endocrine System functions Regulates and controls growth, development, and various body functions by releasing chemical signals called hormones into the bloodstream Endocrine System parts Pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, parathyroids Reproductive System functions Creates and protects new human life Reproductive System parts Reproductive organs