Lesson 8 Vocabulary and Grammar Overview

Lesson Overview

• Lesson 8 focuses on vocabulary and grammar.

• Upcoming quiz on vocabulary and grammar from lessons 7 and 8.

Vocabulary Words

• Abate: To lessen in violence or intensity.

• Decorum: Conformity to accepted standards of conduct.

• Abhor: To detest or hate strongly.

• Dole: To distribute or give out sparingly.

• Gamut: The whole range or extent.

• Extrovert: An outgoing person energized by interactions.

• Droll: Amusing in an odd or whimsical way.

• Duplicity: Intentional deceit in speech or conduct.

• Effigy: A crude dummy or image representing a hated person or group.

• Austere: Stern, severe, or plain.

Grammar: Active vs. Passive Voice

• Active Voice: Subject performs the action (e.g., "The man kicks the punching bag").

• Passive Voice: Subject has action done to it (e.g., "The punching bag is kicked by the man").

• Key Features:

  • Active voice is usually clearer for readers.

  • Passive voice often includes forms of the verb "to be" (such as is, was).

Converting Passive to Active Voice

• Identify the subject and the action in the passive voice.

• Rearrange the sentence to make the subject perform the action.

• Maintain the verb tense when converting.

• Example Transformation:

  • Passive: "The shoes were tied by Elliot."

  • Active: "Elliot tied the shoes."

• Practice converting:

  • "The cupcake will be eaten by Annika." ➔ "Annika will eat the cupcake."

  • "The balloons were popped by the toothpick." ➔ "The toothpick popped the balloons."

Preparation for Quiz

• Review both lessons, take notes, and practice with No Red Ink activities.