Polymers Notes

Objectives

  • Define polymers as large molecules built from small units (monomers).
  • Describe the formation of poly(ethene) as an example of addition polymerization using ethene monomers.
  • Deduce the structure of the polymer product from a given alkene and vice versa.
  • Identify the repeat units and/or linkages in addition polymers and in condensation polymers.
  • Describe and draw the structure of:
    • nylon, a polyamide
    • PET, a polyester
  • Explain the differences between condensation and Addition polymerization.

Definitions

  • Poly- means many.
  • -mer means part/segment.
  • Mono means one.
  • Monomer: Small molecules that can join to make a polymer.
  • Polymer: Large molecules made of many repeated small molecules.
  • Polymerization: The process of monomers joining to form a polymer.

Addition Polymers

  • Alkenes (monomers with double bonds) under high temperature, high pressure, and a catalyst break their double bonds and convert them into single bonds.
  • Carbon atoms bond with each other, allowing thousands of ethene molecules to join, forming a long-chain molecule.
  • This process is called addition polymerization.