Meiji Restoration: A period of modernization and westernization in Japan during the late 19th century.
Russo-Japanese War: Fought between Russia and Japan in the early 20th century, resulting in a Japanese victory and marking a turning point in the balance of power in East Asia.
Opium War: Wars fought between China and Britain in the mid-19th century over the opium trade, resulting in Chinese concessions and increased foreign influence.
Boxer Rebellion: An anti-foreign uprising in China around 1900.
Taiping Rebellion: A large-scale rebellion in China during the mid-19th century against the Qing dynasty.
SOUTH ASIA:
Raj: British rule in India.
Sepoy Mutiny/Rebellion: An uprising against British rule in India in 1857.
Indian National Congress: A political party formed in India to advocate for greater self-governance and eventual independence.
SOUTH EAST ASIA:
French Indo China Imperialism: French colonial rule in Southeast Asia.
RUSSIA:
Pogroms: Organized violence against Jews in Russia.
EUROPE:
French Revolution: A major revolution in France during the late 18th century that overthrew the monarchy and led to significant social and political changes.
Industrial Revolution: A period of major technological and economic changes that began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world.
Social Darwinism: The application of Darwinian ideas about evolution to human societies.
Seven Years War: A global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763, involving major European powers and their colonies.
Unification of Germany and Italy: The process by which Germany and Italy were unified into single nations in the 19th century.
AFRICA:
Boer Wars: Wars fought between the British and the Boers (Dutch settlers) in South Africa.
Berlin Conference: A conference held in Berlin in 1884-1885 that regulated European colonization and trade in Africa.
MIDDLE EAST:
Crimean War: A war fought in the mid-19th century between Russia and an alliance of Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire.
AMERICAS:
American Revolution: The war in which the 13 British colonies in North America won independence from Britain.
Haitian Revolution: A revolution in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) that led to the establishment of the first black republic.
Latin American Revolutions: A series of revolutions in Latin America during the early 19th century that led to the independence of many countries from Spanish and Portuguese rule.
Spanish American War: A war fought between Spain and the United States in 1898, resulting in the United States gaining control of several Spanish colonies.
Oceania
James Cook Voyages: Explorations by James Cook in the Pacific Ocean during the 18th century.
Worldwide
Capitalism: An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Socialism: A political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.