U5 test

What is the overall function of the digestive system?

 -convert the food we eat into the energy and raw materials that build and fuel our bodies

What in our food gets broken down for us to get fuel from?

-carbs

-proteins

-lipids/fats

 -Cannot use vitamins, minerals, or water

Once broken down into the simplest forms aka monomers, these nutrients can be absorbed into the blood and then transported via capillaries wherever the body needs them

Only occurs in the large intestine

-defecation

Its purpose is to increase the surface area of our food

-mechanical breakdown

Starts with swallowing and continues with peristalsis

-propulsion

Eliminates indigestible substances from the body

-defecation

Transports end products out of the GI tract and into the blood

-absorption

Only occurs in the mouth

-ingestion

The secretion of enzymes plays a major role in this step

-chemical digestion

The movement of food through the alimentary canal

-propulsion

Salivary glands start this in the mouth

-chemical digestion

Teeth start this in the mouth

-mechanical breakdown

this layer plays a critical role in peristalsis

-muscularis externa

this layer gives the tube elasticity

-submucosa

this layer secretes mucus

-mucosa

this layer houses all of the nerves and blood vessels

-serosa

the innermost layer

-mucosa

the site where the majority of absorption occurs

-small intestine

houses bacterial flora that aid in digestion

-large intestine

where feces are temporarily stored until they can be eliminated

-rectum

responsible for storing and concentrating bile before secreting it into the duodenum

-gallbladder

the portion of the small intestine most responsible for the absorption of vitamins

-ileum

term used to refer to a ball of chewed up food

-bolus

the structure that prevents food from going towards our lungs instead of our stomach

-epiglottis

what macromolecule starts being digested in the mouth

-starches

what structure closes once food passes into the stomach to prevent regurgitation

-gastroesophageal sphincter

what does bile help the body digest

-lipids

what does the ileocecal valve connect

-ileum to the ascending colon

this enzyme is secreted in the mouth and the pancreatic juices to help digest starches

-amylase

list two key roles the liver plays in the digestive system

-secretes bile to the gallbladder

-filters blood

-able to turn glucose into glycogen

-cholesterol into lipoproteins

this structure secretes hormones that plays a major role in the metabolism of carbohydrates

-pancreas