Electrolyte Imbalance Comparison Sheet

Sodium (Na+Na^+)

  • Normal Range: 135−145 mEq/L135-145\,mEq/L

  • Hyponatremia (Low):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Confusion, seizures, headache.

  • Hypernatremia (High):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Thirst, agitation, seizures.

Potassium (K+K^+)

  • Normal Range: 3.5−5.0 mEq/L3.5-5.0\,mEq/L

  • Hypokalemia (Low):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Weakness, cramps, arrhythmias.

  • Hyperkalemia (High):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Peaked T waves, arrhythmias.

Calcium (Ca2+Ca^{2+})

  • Normal Range: 8.5−10.5 mg/dL8.5-10.5\,mg/dL

  • Hypocalcemia (Low):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Tetany, numbness, seizures.

  • Hypercalcemia (High):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Weakness, stones.

Magnesium (Mg2+Mg^{2+})

  • Normal Range: 1.5−2.5 mEq/L1.5-2.5\,mEq/L

  • Hypomagnesemia (Low):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Tremors, arrhythmias.

  • Hypermagnesemia (High):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Lethargy, ↓\downarrow reflexes.

Chloride (Cl−Cl^-)

  • Normal Range: 98−106 mEq/L98-106\,mEq/L

  • Hypochloremia (Low):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Muscle cramps, alkalosis.

  • Hyperchloremia (High):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Weakness, acidosis.

Phosphate (PO4PO_4)

  • Normal Range: 2.5−4.5 mg/dL2.5-4.5\,mg/dL

  • Hypophosphatemia (Low):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Weakness, confusion.

  • Hyperphosphatemia (High):
        - Signs/Symptoms: Tetany, cramps.