European Exploration and Spanish Colonization

Daily Living

European-

Indigenous-


Gender-

Native men- were more oriented to hunting or warfare. Native women- were more oriented in farming (in charge of fields and home life) Had leadership roles

European women- were primary agriculturalists that was men


When Europeans arrive and see women doing all the labor they thought they were slaves.( push them to convert them)


Environment-

European- Christian - the animals and the land were created for Adam and land is property to be used and unused land is bad

Indigenous- the land is not theirs and doesn’t belong to them and they were given it to live on it


Spanish Exploration:

First Impressions

  • Columbus voyage 1492

  • Europeans views of indigenous people- noticed they were very healthy and very strong ———> Turned into how uncivilized the natives were

  • Indigenous views of Europeans


Spanish Colonization

  • 1521, Cortez sacks the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan

  • When the Spanish would come into a place to take over they would recite the requerimiento

  • it was a statement that said they are there as the divine right of god and you will submit to them

Pueblo Responses

  • Onate expedition 1598- tried to settle a Spanish colony there and had a bad rep for trying to enslave local Pueblo

  • Acoma Massacre, 1599- Acoma killed 13 of Onate men

  • Pueblo Revolt 1680- Pueblo revolt against the Spanish- they waited for the Spanish to be low on supplies to attack them (they were able to kick the Spanish out for about 12 years)

  • Change to Spanish approach among Pueblo - the Spanish were no longer in a position to enslave the indigenous people



Early French and Dutch Colonization of North America

French attempts

Why 100 years after the Spanish?

Goals- looking for route to Asia and gold but will be disappointed

Find diff ways to make money (trade French, plantations English)

  • traders, fishermen, explorers, pirates in 1500s

  • They failed bc the indigenous people did not like them

  • Wars of Religion- in France

Indigenous encounters with the French

  • Peripheral trade

  • Haudenosaunee resistance to Cartier 1534

  • Huron alliance with Champlain, 1608

  • French pop will be sparse

Fur Trade society

  • Balance of power

  • French men and Indian women

  • The middle ground

Mission Towns

  • Closer to French settlements

  • Reasons for conversion- forced to go there due to disease ravaging their tribe or get away from other tribes



Dutch aims in the new world

  • Amsterdam foremost banking/shipping center in Europe

  • netherlands was the most open about religion, women roles

  • NW passage

Establish trade

  • 1609 Hudson (Dutch East Indian Company) looks for north west

  • 1614, establish fort orange

  • 1624, Dutch west India

  • Settlement based on trade

  • Strong alliances with the Iroquois

  • Slavery and freedom- women freedom transferred to new ansterdam

Consequences of the Fur Trade society

  • Daily life- got weapons and process a lot of beaver fur and not farming as much

  • Geopolitics-

  • The