Unit 3 : Place names -> Era titles
(EDO) The Narrow Road of the Interior— Matsuo Basho (Made haikus)/ rhymes
invented the haiku
poetic travel journal (quatrain-at least 4 lines)
(EDO) Battle of Coxinga— ‘Yomihon’ by Monzaemon
Confucianism — filial piety + loyalty
Adoption/ divorce were very simple
bunraku
(EDO) Tales of Moonlight and Rain (yomihon)— Ueda Akinari
chinese ghost stories
love , betrayal, regret, human desires
THINK OF THE CHRYSANTHEMUM GAYS
(EDO) Ryokan, Rai Sanyo—kanshi poetry:
Ryokan: (zen buddhism)
scenery
bonding
descriptive
more imagery
Rai Sanyo : (confucianism )
Regret
Political commentary— frustrations w the movement of the capital
(MEIJI) Spinning Gears: Ryunoskue Aktugawa— a mentally ill man goes insane in Tokyo, having a hard time adjusting to rapid industrialization and getting stuck in the past
(SHOWA) The Dancing Girl of Izu: Yasunari Kawabata— a 20 year old student
kawabata indulged in microfiction: very short stories (”novels”)
I-novel (An I-novel is where the main character is identified with the author)
plain/light/ simple stylistic
“naturalistic”- focused on the nuances of everyday// slice of life
orphan complex, depression and melancholy, distance in traditionality and modernity (no development)
social hierarchy with the family — outcast if you didn’t belong to the 4-class structure: shi-no-ko-sho (peasants, farmers, artisans/cultivators, samurai)
the love between him and the 14 year old changed. Because she is so young, she doesn’t understand romantic love (Very-2D love) vs adult
linked verses (haikui)
haiku no renga: 57577 hokku (575 (beginning)) (77 (wakiku))
haikai: for the people w humor
yomihon : “reading book” : no pictures
allusions to sinitic fiction + japanese fiction (gatekeep)
written in classical japanese
kanshi (ki-sho-ten-ketsu): Chinese Poetry
quatrain (at least 4 lines-575)
rhymes
ki-sho-ten-ketsu:
ki: bring up
sho: receive
ten: twist/ new info
ketsu: conclusion
bunraku (ningyo-joruri), kabuki, noh (THEATRE)
bunraku — contemporary— puppets + special effects
kabuki — flamboyant costumes
noh — masks, sophisticated, sinicism
Edo Period (tokugawa period) (tokugawa because of ruler)— edo is the old name for Tokyo 1603-1868
Reunification of Japan (16th century)- instability
warfare
no single authority— war lords controlled it
imperial court and shogunate (hereditary military dictatorship)
unifiers: oda nobunaga, toyotomi hideyoshi, tokugawa ieyasu
Tokugawa shogunate: fought and won against daimo
“liege lord” + pledged alligence from daimyo
Limitations of authority:
no nationwide tax
no centralized legal system
limited enforcement (samurai being hired)
sakoku edicts which prevented people from coming in/out of Japan; no Christianity, foreign trade banned until Dutch & trade with Chinese for books
yomihon (inspired by chinese philosophy and actual reading > illustrations)
Shift in social hierarchy :
Aristocrats → samurai/bushi (very blood thirsty)
reliance on samurai to be social servants + settlement to roles that would benefit centralized state (bureaucracy) (forced to be literate)
samurai were still indebt to merchants but POWER IMBALANCE bc they were at the top of the social ladder
economic growth/ processes:
urban population >1000000, 3 capitals (Edo, Kyoto, Osaka~ trading capital)
ukiyo → “this sad world” / sadness → “floating world” with pleasure and red light district
Confucianism was popular amongst the peasants bc it was easy to access Buddhist temples were changed— registration and that took the religious part out
Meiji Period (Enlightened Rule) 19th century
wealth divide between rich and poor
rise of merchants (market economy development)
Colonialism in East Asia (foreign ships going to Japan) | sakoku is threatened bc of Opium Wars + kaibo-ron debate on how to deal with internal threat/ external threat
1854 Perry wants them to sign a treaty which would increase american ships at shipping ports
Restablishing imperial court with emperor
Social reforms—western + democratized :
shi-no-ko-sho social hierarchy is abolished
right to wear 2 swords is gone
bonds to daimyo /samurai are removed (many become poor bc they were dependent)
universal education (elementary/middle/high instead of esoteric)
private ownership
RICE!!!! INSTEAD OF GRAINS
popular rights movement (participation in governments)
Samurai were angry about the right to wear two swords/ not being at the top of the social hierarchy → Saigo war
mid 1880s, the japanese government wants to isolate again from western ideals
Constitution is created w the Diet
strawberry milk with green tea with crystal boba
Taisho Period : Greater Justice (1912-1926)
Early Showa: Luminus Peace (1926-1945)
Emergence of the Diet (cabinet)— Taisho Democracy because Emperor Taisho was very misinformed
oligarchy (abolitionism vs nascent democracy)
influx of western ideals (rioting, suffrage, urbanization, the press)
two ideals:
be a colonialist power or participate in international arrangements (post- WWI)
WW1— “zaibatsu” japan prospered economically because they were providing weaponry
Versailles Treaty: they got Shandong China— becoming a colonial power — entrance to the League of Nations
21 demands— they provide a list of demands to china, china denies but realizes that they can’t so they accept— privilege, territory
Yuan Shikai (emperor of china during that time)
soured relations with the Britain and US (they didnt want japan to get more power)
Psychological Beliefs:
country folk would go to the city and be disgusted with how modern it was (think Akutugawa)
ultra-nationalism and fascist orgs (domestic terrorism) — asianism // japan was superior
kokutai: emperor is spiritually w the people— traditional legitimacy — japan was superior
mukden incident: blamed a railway blowing up on China
Manchuriya: Pu Yi — last emperor of china and ruled over the puppet state
Lord Lytton investigates the blow up and Japan leaves the league of Nations
country folk revolt