Notes on Sikhism: A Brief Introduction

Origins of Sikhism

  • Definition of 'Sikh': The word 'Sikh' in Punjabi means 'disciple', indicating followers of God who adhere to Gurus' teachings.
  • Core Philosophies:
    • Belief in only one God who is equal to all beings.
    • Importance of virtuous living and honesty.
    • Condemnation of blind rituals such as idol worship, superstitions, and worshiping the dead.
    • Advocacy for equality among all races, religions, and genders.

Ten Gurus in Sikhism

  • Guru Nanak: Founder of Sikhism.
  • Guru Gobind Singh: Tenth and final Guru.

Key Gurus

  • Guru Nanak (1469-1539):

    • Birthplace: Talwandi, Punjab.
    • Not worshipped as God; married Sulakhni and had two sons.
    • Legacy: Appointed Lehna (Guru Angad) as the second Guru.

  • Guru Angad:

    • Formerly Lehna, chosen due to humility and dedication.
    • Contributions: Compiled hymns of Guru Nanak and promoted Gurmukhi script.

  • Guru Amar Das:

    • Chosen at age 73, organized hymns, and promoted social reforms including monogamy and widow remarriage.

  • Guru Ram Das:

    • Founder of Amritsar; its significance grew with the Golden Temple.

  • Guru Arjan:

    • Born a Sikh; built the Golden Temple and compiled the Adi Granth (Sikh scripture).

  • Guru Hargobind:

    • Introduced the Nishan Sahib (flag) and kettle drum in Gurdwaras.

  • Guru Har Rai:

    • Known for compassion towards animals and medicinal herbs.

  • Guru Har Krishnan:

    • Became Guru at age five; died young from smallpox.

  • Guru Tegh Bahadur:

    • A martyr for religious liberty; prioritized feeding the needy.

  • Guru Gobind Singh:

    • Born Dec 22, 1666; became Guru at age nine. Introduced the Panj Pyaare (Five Beloved Ones), Amrit ceremony, and named followers Singh (lion) and Kaur (princess).
    • 5 K's (Kakkars):
    1. Kesh: Uncut hair symbolizing holiness and acceptance of God's creation.
    2. Kanga: Wooden comb representing cleanliness and care for the body.
    3. Kara: Steel wrist bracelet symbolizing restraint, remembrance of Guru, and connection to the community.
    4. Kachera: Specific undergarment symbolizing chastity and practical for warriors.
    5. Kirpan: A ceremonial sword representing defense against injustice.

Scriptures of Sikhism

  • Adi Granth (Guru Granth Sahib):
    • Compiled by Guru Arjan; a holy scripture inspiring truth and spirituality.
  • Dasam Granth:
    • Composed by Guru Gobind Singh; outlines thoughts and defense guidelines.
  • Bhai Gurdas Ji:
    • His writings provide commentary and understanding of Sikh theology.

The Gurdwara / Sikh Temple

  • Name Meaning: "Gur" (Guru) and "Dwara" (door) signifies the entrance to Guru’s wisdom.
  • Customs: Before entering, shoes must be removed, and a headscarf worn.
  • Activities Inside: Congregational prayers, hymn singing, meditation, and discussions on community issues.
  • Prohibitions: No idols or statues; only the Holy Book is present on the Takht.
  • Community Service: Prashad (blessed food) is served to visitors.

Sikhism in Malaysia

  • Migration History: Many Sikhs migrated as part of the British military and police forces.
  • Gurdwaras in Malaysia: Total of 119, with the majority in Perak.
    • Key Festivals: Birth of Guru Nanak and Vasakhi (Sikh New Year on April 13 or 14).
  • Significant States with Gurdwaras:
    • Perak (42), Selangor (17), Kuala Lumpur (14), and others.