Fitting and Sawing Techniques (copy)
Filing Methods:
Cross Filing: Diagonal movement for better material removal, ensuring a more aggressive cutting action which is ideal for rough shaping or when removing significant amounts of material quickly.
Draw Filing: This method involves moving the file towards and away from the user, allowing for an improved surface finish. It is less aggressive than cross filing, making it suited for fine finishing and smoothing surfaces.
File Card: A specialized tool for cleaning clogged file teeth; it includes a wire brush for removing debris and chalk to reduce pinning, which enhances the performance and longevity of the file.
Cutting Tools in Fitting:
Types: Various cutting tools are essential in fitting, including Files, Scrapers, Hacksaws, Chisels, Drills, Reamers, Taps, and Dies.
Files: Designed with multiple teeth to ensure smooth finishes, capable of providing finishing tolerances ranging from 0.2 to 0.05 mm.
File Components: Understanding file anatomy is critical; it consists of:
Point: The end used for delicate work.
Face: The flat side that does the cutting.
Edge: The sides of the file that can also cut.
Belly: The curve of the file (in certain shapes) that provides a specific cutting profile.
Heel: The end opposite the point, used for heavier cutting.
Shoulder: Connects the face to the tang, often used for better control.
Tang: The end of the file that fits into the handle.
Classification: Files can be classified based on various attributes:
By Length: Ranging from 100 mm to 400 mm.
By Kind of Cut: Options include Single Cut, Double Cut, Rasp Cut, and Curved Cut, each serving different material and finish requirements.
By Shape: Varieties include Hand files, Flat files, and Half Round files, allowing for versatile applications.
By Grade: Quality and aggressiveness are denoted as Coarse, Bastard, Second Cut, and Smooth, with specific applications for each grade.
Planing Methods:
Types of Planes: Key variants include Wooden Jack, Iron Jack, Smoothing, Trying, Rebate, Plough, and Spoke Shave, each fulfilling different roles in woodworking.
Smoothing Plane: Specifically designed to remove thin shavings from the workpiece, providing a fine finish on surfaces.
Sawing Process:
Types of Saws: Different saws include Hand Saws, Rip Saws, Tenon Saws, Dovetail Saws, Compass Saws, and Coping Saws; each with unique characteristics for specific cutting tasks.
Hand Saw: Mainly used for cross-cutting wood across the grain.
Rip Saw: Optimized for cutting along the grain, providing efficient cuts in lumber.
Tenon Saw: Features a reinforced steel back for precise cuts, typically for joinery applications.
Chiseling:
This process involves removing unwanted parts of the workpiece, crucial for shaping and detailing.
Types: Variants include Firmer Chisels, Bevel Edge Chisels, Mortise Chisels, and Gouges, each tailored for particular tasks.
Safety: Essential practices dictate using the correct tools, avoiding testing sharpness with fingers, and securely securing the workpiece to prevent accidents.
Hack Sawing:
Types of Frames: Available frames include Solid, Adjustable, and Tubular, accommodating various blade sizes and types.
Blade Types: Options include All Hard and Flexible blades, with each serving different cutting needs.
Material: Common materials for blades are High Carbon Steel, Low Tungsten Alloy, and High Speed Steel, chosen based on the workpiece material and cutting requirements.
Pitch Types: Blades come in Coarse, Medium