US history Unit 1

In the late 19th century, western expansion of the U.S. resulted in profound changes – social, economic, political, demographic, environmental, and political changes. The changes impacted both east and west. And with change, came conflict. ▪ What motivated people to move west of the Mississippi River? What groups of people, already there – did these new settlers encounter? ▪ What were the consequences of westward expansion? That is, what impact did settlers have on the people, land and resources of the West? ▪ How did western expansion bring about conflict – ethnic, cultural, racial, economic, and political conflict? 1. Define “Manifest Destiny”. 2. Describe how Native American reservations resembled “colonial” societies. 3. Explain how the Indian empire of Comanchería was destroyed in the 1870s. 4. Discuss the outcomes of the Battle of the Little Big Horn. 5. Describe how institutions such as the Carlisle Indian School sought to “civilize” Native Americans. 6. Discuss the provisions, and the consequences (results) of the Dawes Allotment Act of 1887. 7. Describe the non-violent form of resistance employed by Native Americans on the Plains by the 1880s and its effect on the white population. 8. Describe a typical mining town of the “Wild West”. 9. Define “buffalo soldier”. 10. Define “Californios” and describe their fate as a result of white settlement. 11. Describe how legislation restricted the rights of Chinese immigrants in the West. 12. Discuss the factors that stimulated a land rush in the trans-Mississippi West. 13. Identify the invention that revolutionized cattle ranching and discuss how it changed cattle ranching. 14. Define “vaquero” and discuss the fate of the vaqueros by the 1880s. 15. Define “agribusiness” and discuss the factors that transformed family farms into agribusinesses.

chapter 18

In the late 19th century, the U.S. experienced an Industrial Revolution. What factors contributed to this industrial expansion – and how did this “revolution” impact nearly every aspect – social, economic, and political - of Americans’ lives? ▪ What is meant by the term “Gilded Age”? What does it mean to say that an object is “gilded” – and how did “gilded” become a metaphor used to describe American society in the late 19th century? ▪ How did growth, expansion, and cultural diversity in the Gilded Age impact politics in the U.S.? ▪ Which was more powerful in the Gilded Age: government or big business? 16. Discuss how federal, state, and local governments aided the development of the railroads. 17. Identify America’s early railroad tycoons. 18. Name the man who came to dominate the steel industry and describe how he did it. 19. Name the man who came to monopolize the oil industry and describe how he did it. 20. Identify the inventions that revolutionized American lives and businesses in the Gilded Age. 21. Define “finance capitalism” and name America’s preeminent Gilded Age finance capitalist. 22. Define “social Darwinism”. 23. Explain how the social Darwinist philosophy was used to glorify the accumulation of wealth and economic power. 24. Summarize the economic theory of “laissez-faire” capitalism. 25. Define “spoils system” and explain how it resulted in strengthening political parties in the Gilded Age. 26. Identify the major sectors of the New South’s economy. 27. Discuss how Ida B. Wells’ explained lynching in the New South as a problem of both gender and race. 28. Show how women organized to effect social change in Gilded Age society. 29. Name the group of reformers from Massachusetts and New York, who worked to eliminate the spoils system that characterized Gilded Age politics. 30. Identify the federal legislative attempts to limit the power of big business on behalf of the public interest. 31. Analyze the role of the Interstate Commerce Commission in regulating the railroad industry during the early Gilded Age. 32. Discuss why farmers from the west and south supported free silver.

chapter 19

The Industrial Revolution was driven by – and also helped to fuel – mass immigration and rapid urbanization. ▪ In what ways did industrialization, mass immigration, and urbanization bring about social, economic, political, and demographic changes in the U.S.? ▪ In what ways did industrialization impact the U.S. in beneficial (or “positive”) ways? In what ways were the consequences detrimental to the U.S.? ▪ How did people live and work in Gilded Age cities? 33. Explain the ways in which building the Brooklyn Bridge reflected America’s Industrial might. 34. Compare America’s typical European immigrant before 1880 to the typical immigrant after 1880. 35. Describe the urban experience of most African Americans who migrated from the south to northern cities in the Gilded Age. 36. Define “Sinophobia” - and identify America’s first law restricting immigration on the basis of race. 37. Enumerate the increase in child labor from 1870 to 1900. 38. Define “white collar worker” and describe how women in the cities entered the white-collar workforce in greater numbers by the late 19th century. 39. Explain how the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 helped to promote the growth of labor unions. 40. List the era’s prominent labor unions and their leaders. 41. Discuss the consequences of the bombing at the Haymarket Square rally. 42. Define the “cult of domesticity” and explain how it led to a major change in northern households. 43. Describe how municipal governments improved city life, as cities grew and expanded. 44. Define political party “boss” and “machine” and discuss their impact on Gilded Age cities. 45. Discuss how the World’s Columbian Exposition was representative of Gilded Age America.

Chapter 20

Industrialization, immigration, and urbanization profoundly changed American society in the Gilded Age (and beyond). ▪ With change, came disagreements, problems and issues: in short, conflict. Some examples of Gilded Age conflicts: racial, ethnic, & social class conflicts, workplace conflicts, economic & political conflicts, ideological conflicts. ▪ How did the changes and conflicts in American society impact politics: political parties, political philosophies, electoral behavior? ▪ To what extent did industrialization impact America’s foreign policy? 46. Identify the problems and issues facing farmers. 47. List the components of the People’s (Populist) Party plan to help farmers. 48. Identify the problems and issues facing industrial laborers. 49. Discuss the consequences of the Homestead Steel “lockout”. 50. Identify the labor action that demonstrated how government could peacefully settle conflict in the nation’s labor wars. 51. Explain how the “injunction” was used to break the Pullman strike. 52. Name the founder of the Socialist Party in America. 53. Discuss the rationale behind women’s support for the temperance movement. 54. Explain Frances Willard’s use of the “cult of domesticity” to argue for woman suffrage. 55. Explain what both gold and silver symbolized in the 1896 presidential election “battle of the standards”. 56. Identify the factors that prompted America’s overseas expansion by the 1890s. 57. Identify the foreign policy that established the western hemisphere as an American “sphere of influence”. 58. Discuss the impact on the United States, of John Hay’s “Open Door” policy in China. 59. Explain the factors that motivated the U.S. to go to war with Spain in 1898. 60. Describe the new American “empire” that resulted from the Treaty of Paris in 1898.