World Civ

1. Apartheid
Separation of races in South Africa.

2. Armenian Genocide & the Ottoman Empire
The Turks believed Armenians supported Russia during WWI and carried out mass killings.

3. Berlin Conference
European nations divided Africa without considering native populations.

4. Birth Rate
Number of births in a population over a period of time.

5. Boxer Rebellion
Failed Chinese uprising against European and American imperialism.

6. British Raj
British rule over India.

7. Capitalism (Free Market)
An economic system where businesses control production and prices through supply and demand.

8. Colonialism
Control or settlement of a region by a foreign power.

9. Communism
Classless, moneyless society where all property is publicly owned.

10. Death Rate
Number of deaths in a population over a period of time.

11. Decolonization
Process of a colony gaining independence.

12. Democracy
A system where leaders are chosen fairly and equally by the people.

13. Deng Xiaoping
Chinese leader after Mao; introduced economic reforms.

14. Developing vs. Developed Country
Developing countries have less infrastructure, education, and industry; developed countries have high living standards.

15. Diaspora
Forced migration of a group (e.g., Jews from Palestine, African slave trade).

16. Ethnic Group
People sharing a common culture, language, or heritage.

17. Ethnocentrism
Belief that your ethnic group is superior.

18. Gender Imbalance
Unequal number of males and females, can cause population aging.

19. Genocide
Deliberate killing of a specific ethnic or national group.

20. Globalization
Worldwide spread of culture, technology, and trade.

21. Great Firewall
China’s internet censorship system to block foreign sites and control access.

22. Great Leap Forward
Mao's failed attempt to rapidly industrialize China.

23. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Total value of goods and services produced in a country annually.

24. Imperialism
Taking over other lands for power and resources.

25. Indian National Congress
Led by Gandhi to gain independence from British rule.

26. Industrialization
Transition to using machines for production.

27. Jomo Kenyatta
Kenya’s leader who resisted British imperialism, supported using force.

28. Kwame Nkrumah
Ghana’s leader; inspired by Gandhi, made peaceful reforms.

29. Life Expectancy
Average time a person is expected to live.

30. Literacy Rate
Percentage of people who can read and write in a country.

31. Mao Zedong
Chinese communist leader with failed policies like the Great Leap Forward.

32. Meiji Restoration
Japan’s transformation into an industrial nation while avoiding foreign control.

33. Mestizo
Person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.

34. Mohandas Gandhi
Leader of India’s independence movement; used nonviolence.

35. Monarchy
Government with a single ruler, usually a king or queen.

36. Muslim League
Political party that supported Muslim interests in India.

37. Nationalism
Pride and loyalty in one’s nation.

38. One Child Policy
China’s law to control population growth, led to aging issues.

39. Opium Wars
Britain vs. China over British opium trade; Britain wins.

40. Partition (South Asia)
Split of India into India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh due to Hindu-Muslim conflict.

41. Peninsulares
Spanish-born people who ruled in Latin America.

42. Population Density
Number of people living per square mile/kilometer.

43. Refugee
Person forced to leave their home country.

44. Rural
Countryside; areas with farms and low population.

45. Rwanda Genocide
Mass killing of Tutsis by Hutus in 1994.

46. Sunni & Shia
Two major Islamic sects; most Muslims are Sunni, Iran is mostly Shia.

47. Sykes-Picot Agreement
France and Britain secretly divided up Middle East lands post-WWI.

48. Theocracy
Government based on religious law and leadership.

49. Tiananmen Square Massacre
1989 Chinese student protest crushed by the government.

50. Treaty of Kanagawa
Japan opens ports to U.S.; ends isolation, forced by Matthew Perry.

51. Treaty of Nanjing
Ended Opium War; Britain got Hong Kong and reparations from China.

52. Urban
City area, high population density.

53. Urbanization
Growth of cities as people move from rural areas.

54. White Man’s Burden
Justification for European imperialism — claimed to be "civilizing" others.