Chapter 15 :

Angkor - Southeast Asian Khmer kingdom (889-1432) that was centered on the temple cities of Angkor Thorn and Angkor Wat.
Axum - African kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity. Did not fall to the expanding realm of Islam.
bhakti movement -  Indian movement that attempted to transcend the differences between Hinduism and Islam. Started as a cult of love and devotion that emerged in India during the 12th century.

Buzurg - a tenth-century sea master from Siraf a bustling port on the Persian Gulf coast. He compiled 136 stories/ tall tales into his Book of the Wonders of India which gave a good look into the maritime trade during the era

caste system - Indias social hierarchy which accommodated social changes brought by trade and economic development. Extened its geographic reach in the postclassical era.

Chola kingdom (317) Deep Southern Indian Hindu kingdom (850- 1267), a tightly centralized state that dominated sea trade. Did not build a tightly centralized state. Conquered Ceylon and parts of SEA. Ruled the Coromandel coast.

dhows (320)Indian, Persian, and Arab ships, one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin.
emporia and warehouses - a place where merchants coming from East Africa or Persia exchanged their cargoes at Cambay, Calicut, or Quilon for goods to take back. And where merchants from China and East Asia ended up at these Indian ports.

Funan (328) The first state/ Vocation very affected by India. located in the lower reaches of the Mekong River and encompasses modern Cambodia and Vietnam. Dominates trades at the Isthmus of Era on the Malay peninsula. Had elaborate water systems. Adapted Indian traditions . Called rulers Raja. Ended in the 6th century.
guru Kabir (327) 1440- 1518 c.E. A blind weaver who became the most important teacher in the bhakti movement, which sought to harmonize Hinduism and Islam.

Harsha - after the Gupta dynasty this King kept centralized imperial rule and temporarliy restored unified rule to most of North India and sough to revive imperial authority. He made his preens known and exchanged embasises with Chinese Tang Taozong. Rep of piety, liberality, and scholarship. Gave out lotsssss of resources. He was assassinated and his kingdom fell.

junks - After the naval and commercial expansion of the Song Dynasty, large Chinese and Southeast Asian ships that sailed the Indian Ocean. Could carry 1000 tons of cargo.

Mahmud of Ghazni (316) leader of the Turks in Afghanistan. He was a patron of the arts who built Ghazni into a refined capital, where he supported historians, mathematicians, and literary figures at his court. spent much of his time in the field with his armies. mounted 17 raiding expeditions into India. infamously destroyed the great Somnath Hindu Temple of Gujarat, killing more than fifty thousand people. did not encourage Indians to turn to Islam.

Majapahit - Southeast Asian kingdom (1293-1520) centered on the island of Java.
Melaka - Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic. Starts as a lair for pirates near modern Singapore but develops into legit state with powerful navy that expanded mosque communities in SEA.
Ramanuja - brahmin scholar. a devotee of Vishnu who was active during the 11th and 20th centuries. Challenged Shankara’s insistence on logic. Beloved that personal union with a diety was more important that intellectual understanding of ultimate reality. Foundation of Hinduism today.
Shankara - brahmin philosopher.  a southern Indian devotee of Shiva who wrote his works in the early 9th century CE. Studied hindu writing and tries to harmonize the teachings. Mistrusted emotional services and believed the physical world was an illusion.
Shiva - Hindu god associated with both fertility and destruction.

Sind - the Indus River valley in Northernwestern India which was conquered and added into the Umayyad Empire. stood on the fringe of the Islamic world. Much of its population remained Hindu, Buddhist, or Parsee, and it also sheltered a series of unorthodox Islamic movements

Singosari - after the decline of the Srivijaya kingdom this island kingdom was one of the ones that dominated Southeast Asia  along with Angkor and Mahahapit

Srivijaya - After the fall of Funny, island based Southeast Asian kingdom (670- 1025), based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade.

Sufis - Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules.

sultanate of Delhi - Islamic state established by Mahmud successors after they had conquered north India and the hindu kingdoms. Once commended an army of 300,000 and they built mosques and shines. Onerous patrons of literature. Conducted raids on Deccan region but did not take out Hindus.

Vijayanagar kingdom - “city of victory” Southern Indian kingdom (1336-1565) that later fell to the Mughals. The second state that dominated much of southern India. Based in Deccan. Owed its origins to the sultanate of Delphi.

Vishnu - Hindu god, preserver of the world, who was often incarnated as Krishna.