APUSH TP 3 (1754-1800)

Pre-American Revolution

Timeline:

  • French & Indian War (1754-1763)

  • Sugar Act (1764)

  • Quartering Act (1765)

  • Stamp Act (1765)

  • Stamp Act Congress (1765)

  • Declaratory Act (1766)

  • Townshend Acts (1767)

  • Tea Act (1773)

  • Boston Tea Party (1773)

  • Coercive/Intolerable Acts (1774)

Important Events

  • French and Indian War = A fight over territory with the French → left Britain in debt

  • Sugar Act = Duties on foreign sugar and luxuries

  • Quartering Act = Colonists house British soldiers

  • Stamp Act = Direct tax on most printed paper goods (colonists could not avoid this tax, they needed to use these goods)

  • Declaratory Acts = Says that parliament can tax the colonies

  • Townshend Acts = New taxes on tea, glass, paper, etc.

  • Coercive/Intolerable Acts = Punished Boston for the Tea Party

  • Boston Tea Party = Colonists dump tea into the harbor

  • Stamp Act Congress = Protesting the Stamp Act

  • First Continental Congress = Declared colonial rights, organized a militia, etc.

  • Paul Revere’s Ride = Symbolical importance

Important Characters

  • King George III = King of Britain

  • Samuel Adams = Face of the Sons of Liberty

  • Sons of Liberty = Revolutionary organization

  • John Adams = Lawyer who defended British soldiers after the Boston Massacre

  • Paul Revere = Sons of Liberty member, ride was important

  • John Hancock = Revolutionary benefactor, made a lot of money from smuggling

  • Ben Franklin = Helped bring enlightenment ideals to the colonies, one of the first politicians

  • George Washington = Veteran from there French & Indian War, appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army

Consequences and Results

  • French & Indian War → increased taxation → angry colonists

  • Stamp Act → Stamp Act Congress → Stamp Act repealed

  • Taxes → angry colonists because they had no representation in parliament

  • Tea Act → Boston Tea Party → Coercive Acts

  • Coercive Acts → First Continental Congress → unity among the colonies

  • Committees of Correspondence → spread of revolutionary ideas

  • Boston Massacre → increased revolutionary support

  • First Continental Congress → Declaration of American Rights, organized militia, Olive Branch Petition

American Revolution

Timeline

  • Lexington and Concord (1775)

  • Second Congenital Congress (1775)

  • Declaration of Independence (1776)

  • Battle of Trenton (1776)

  • Battle of Saratoga (1777)

  • Battle of Yorktown (1781)

  • Treaty of Paris (1783)

  • Constitutional Convention (1787)

  • Constitution Ratified (1788)

Importnat Events

  • Lexington and Concord = First battle of the American Revolution

  • Second Continental Congress = Declaration of Independence

  • Declaration of Independence = Said the colonies were a sovereign nation

  • Battle of Trenton = One of the first wins, important moral boost

  • Battle of Saratoga = Convinced the French to support the colonies

  • Treaty of Paris = Treaty that ended the war

  • Continental Congress = Group that fixed that Articles of Confederation and created the US Constitution

Consequences and Results

  • Second Continental Congress → Declaration of Independence

  • US victory → other revolutions around the world

  • Battle of Saratoga → French involved → US won war

  • Failure of the Articles of Confederation → Constitutional Convention → Constitution

  • Lexington and Concord → Second Continental Congress → independence

  • Treaty of Paris 1783 → US needed to pay back debts and British had to leave the territory

Washington’s Presidency

  • He rejected his salary

  • Established a tradition of having a cabinet

    • Treasury = Alexander Hamilton

    • Secretary of State = Thomas Jefferson

    • War = Henry Knox

    • Attorney General = Edmund Randolph

  • 2 term tradition, later became a law

  • Farewell/Inaugural address tradition began

  • He was very against the formation of political parties

Economy

  • Hamilton makes a 4 part plan:

    1. Tax of imports (tariff of 1789)

    2. Assumption Plan = national government assumes states debts from the war (pays war-bonds)

    3. Impose excise tax of whiskey

    4. Establish a nation bank (BUS)

    → Leads to the Great Cabinet Battle

    • Jefferson promotes helping farmers, Hamilton promotes helping businesses

  • Compromise of 1790 = Hamilton gets his economic plan, Jefferson gets the nation’s capital

    • Tariff money goes straight to paying war bonds, then to national debt

Political Parties are created:

  • Hamiltonian Federalists = strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, mostly supported by the wealthy

  • Jeffersonian Democrat-Republicans = weak central government, emphasis on states' rights, strict interpretation of the Constitution, supported by the lower class

Second Cabinet Battle

  • Debates over whether to support the French Revolution

  • Washington adopts policy of neutrality

Jay’s Treaty (1794)

  • US v. GB

  • Britain is forced to abandon forts is US territory and US has to pa Britsih debts

Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)

  • US v. Spain

  • US gets navigation rights on Mississippi River and right of deposit (US doesn’t have to pay a tax) in New Orleans

  • US southern border is 31st parallel

Adam’s Presidency

  • Jefferson is Vice President

  • Quasi-War = France seizes American merchant ships because we were trading with Britain

  • XYZ Affair = Envoys sent to France to make peace were approached by three Frenchmen who tried to bribe them to set the US up a meeting with French leaders

→ Alien and Sedition Acts = have to live in the US for 14 years to become a citizen, sets fines and jail terms for anyone talking bad about the government, violated the 1st amendment