chapter 15

Prokarypto-bacteria, lack mendra band orgaels

EvkaryonG-arinals.plants, fungi, nichis + mabiase band orgarles

Contial Dogma

DNA -ABIA - > Proten

toraerides

Trp, (aminowid) that is built in bacteral cals

Gore is portser sepuse of AV ovathry fir a preten

Winvives bridng engines to note Trp.

- Transcription - MRUA Aim DNA

RNA polymerase binds promoter + synthestzas mew (Trp) Involves 5 genes to build the structure EDOBA

Operon - is a set of fictionally related gees ander the controls of a sigle promoter

"when trp, is absent more must be made assor mathe

when trp, is present gene expression is turned dawn represser binds operator

OPerator - "on)afé suitori-may be boura by riprase

- repressor is activated by tip, when top, is present- shut down

- repressor is inactio witan trp.

RNA pohmeraise binds promster regan -undagnes transorphin.

" lactose oferon-ivohes gose necsssary for using disoceride lacteso

Enzunes in lachose operan - lac2-Betagaleckosidaso (digeshng lacbse)

-laoY-Lactosspermease (lactase enters cell)

Lactose - dischargal sugar

Activity of lacoperon

loctose present

turnad on

Lactoso absont

Alwose is preferred 0o lactase

turnedoff

Wien giucoso is loco transcripion adcurs

"When gwoose is broichp bard C.LP)

enhancs(M prynecs brol

Lac operon functons when

•lactose present + glucose obsent.

'repressor machivaled (CAMP+ORPS tird to RUt polimerase

Eukaryoro gore regulaton-requres actvity of a cal spendize

- All Calls has the same ganene; but gou epressions is can tar sposito

Withn Ekargets alls -transcupron stor in nuchs

"Promoter-binds RNA polymeraso must be accessible ding transcrims

Structure of Chromatin

during liosen of diwanehn-aceryl geaps band hisene tess = 3 allwo treserpens

dunng tightening of Chrmath-Masty/ guerps abed to histonas -mhibHs transomption

Cell specic transomphon acavanan- turns an apues raadad fi cel type

If the hierced produce albaren-activator is spestie fl that protein

If the cons of the eye produces cataline it tims off albumen expressin

- Humans have various cel types (specto proben expression reguiates sores naded