Risk Based Vaccines

  • Influenza (flu)

  • Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) or Equine Rhinopneumonitis (EVR)

  • Strangles

  • Equine Viral Arteritis

  • Potomac Horse Fever

  • other


Influenza - (FLU)

  • Most important cause of resp. disease

  • Vaccines available

  • Cause:

    • Myxovirus

Symptoms

  • Temp 102-106

  • Nasal Discharge

  • Off Feed

  • Dry Cough

  • Secondary Pneumonia may develop

At Risk

  • Shipping horses

  • Cold exposure

  • Foals

  • Sick animals

  • SPREADS IN DROPLETS

Prevention

  • Vaccine - may not prevent but severity decreases

  • Killed vaccine

  • Modified live - Intranasal

  • Newer immune stimulating complexes

    • ISCOM flu vaccines


EHV

  • Equine Herpes Virus (EHV)

  • Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis (EVR)

Causes

  • Herpes virus types 1,2,3,4

  • Type 1 major in US

  • EHV 1, 1b - abortion, respiratory

  • EHV 4 - respiratory

  • Neurological forms

Symptoms of EHV

  • EHV 1 may be subtle or severe

  • High fever 2-5 d

  • Clear nasal discharge

  • Cough

  • Paralysis

  • Abortions - after 4 month in EHV 1

Vaccines

  • Pneumobort K +1b

    • Killed

    • Given to pregnant mares 5,7,9 months

  • Mod Live

    • EHV 1 and 4


Strangles (Distemper)

Causes

  • Bacterial

    • Streptococcus equi

  • Very contagious

Symptoms

  • High temp 103-106

  • Swelling of lymph nodes

    • May drain

  • Purulent nasal discharge

Spread

  • Nasal discharge

    • Buckets

    • Fences

  • 4 weeks can spread

Prevention

  • Isolation of new animals-

    • Can be carriers

  • Isolation of sick animal

  • Vaccination

  • Vaccination NOT recommended as a strategy in outbreak situations

Vaccines

  • Intra-nasal

    • Pinnacle

  • IM - variable effectiveness

    • Strep guard

    • Strep Vax


Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)

  • Virus - Equine Arteritis Virus

  • Spread in droplets (respiratory)

  • Also shed in semen - shed from Accessory sex glands

    • Breeding

    • Cooled and shipped semen

  • High incidence in Standardbreds

    • 70-80%

  • Lower in Thoroughbreds and Arabians

    • 1-3%

Symptoms

  • Fever

  • Nasal discharge - Respiratory component

  • Edema of limbs

  • Skin rash

  • Abortion 1-3 wks post exposure


Potomac Horse Fever

  • Most seen in Northeastern and Midwest, increasing in Kentucky

Causes

  • Rickettsia ehrlichia

Symptoms

  • Decreased appetite

  • Malaise

  • Fever

  • Diarrhea

  • Lamintis


Botulism

  • Clostridium botulinum

  • Shaker Foal Syndrome

    • Muscle tremors

    • Death

  • Adults

    • Muscular paralysis

    • Limbs, drag toes

    • UFVET horse with botulism