Comprehensive Study Guide for Prescription Abbreviations and Laboratory Reference Ranges

Common Prescription Abbreviations

  • Administration Frequency and Timing Abbreviations:

    • bid: Twice per day
    • tid: Three times per day
    • qid: Four times per day
    • q (e.g., q8h): Every (e.g., every 88\,hours)
    • PRN: As needed
    • pc: After meals
    • ac: Before meals

  • Administration Route Abbreviations:

    • IM: Intramuscular
    • IV: Intravenous
    • Subcut: Subcutaneously
    • SL: Sublingual
    • PO: By mouth
    • NPO: Nothing by mouth

Laboratory Reference Ranges Guidance

  • Clinical Testing Variability:
    • Laboratory reference ranges provide expected baseline values for analyzing client laboratory results.
    • Accuracy in laboratory testing has evolved; however, variability in reference ranges can occur between individual laboratories based on the specific testing methods utilized.
    • When providing client care, clinicians must refer directly to the reference ranges provided by the specific reporting laboratory.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

  • Hematocrit [Hct] (Unit: %\%):

    • Age 22\,weeks to 22\,months: 39% to 59%39\% \text{ to } 59\%
    • Age 22\,months to 66\,months: 35% to 50%35\% \text{ to } 50\%
    • Age 66\,months to 11\,year: 29% to 43%29\% \text{ to } 43\%
    • Age 11\,year to 66\,years: 30% to 40%30\% \text{ to } 40\%
    • Age 66\,years to 1818\,years: 32% to 44%32\% \text{ to } 44\%
    • Greater than 1818\,years:
      • Female: 37% to 47%37\% \text{ to } 47\%
      • Male: 42% to 52%42\% \text{ to } 52\%
      • Pregnant female: Greater than 33%33\%
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 21%21\% or greater than 65%65\%

  • Hemoglobin [Hgb] (Unit: g/dLg/dL):

    • Age 22\,months to 66\,months: 10 to 17 g/dL10 \text{ to } 17\,g/dL
    • Age 66\,months to 66\,years: 9.5 to 14 g/dL9.5 \text{ to } 14\,g/dL
    • Age 66\,years to 1818\,years: 10 to 15.5 g/dL10 \text{ to } 15.5\,g/dL
    • Greater than 1818\,years:
      • Female: 12 to 16 g/dL12 \text{ to } 16\,g/dL
      • Male: 14 to 18 g/dL14 \text{ to } 18\,g/dL
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 7 g/dL7\,g/dL or greater than 21 g/dL21\,g/dL

  • Platelet Count (Unit: /mm3/\text{mm}^3):

    • Infant: 200,000 to 475,000/mm3200,000 \text{ to } 475,000/\text{mm}^3
    • Child and Adult: 150,000 to 400,000/mm3150,000 \text{ to } 400,000/\text{mm}^3
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 20,000/mm320,000/\text{mm}^3 or greater than 1,000,000/mm31,000,000/\text{mm}^3

  • Mean Platelet Volume (Unit: fLfL [femtoliter]):

    • Reference range: 7.4 to 10.4 fL7.4 \text{ to } 10.4\,fL

  • Red Blood Cell Count [RBC] (Unit: ×106/μL\times 10^6/\mu\text{L}):

    • Age 22\,weeks to 22\,months: 3.5×106/μL to 5.5×106/μL3.5 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L} \text{ to } 5.5 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L}
    • Age 22\,months to 66\,months: 3.5×106/μL to 5.5×106/μL3.5 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L} \text{ to } 5.5 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L}
    • Age 66\,months to 11\,year: 3.5×106/μL to 5.2×106/μL3.5 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L} \text{ to } 5.2 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L}
    • Age 11\,year to 1818\,years: 4×106/μL to 5.5×106/μL4 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L} \text{ to } 5.5 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L}
    • Greater than 1818\,years:
      • Female: 4.2×106/μL to 5.4×106/μL4.2 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L} \text{ to } 5.4 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L}
      • Male: 4.7×106/μL to 6.1×106/μL4.7 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L} \text{ to } 6.1 \times 10^6/\mu\text{L}

  • Red Blood Cell Indices:

    • Mean Corpuscular Volume [MCV] (Unit: fLfL):
      • Newborn: 96 to 108 fL96 \text{ to } 108\,fL
      • Child/Adult/Older adult: 80 to 95 fL80 \text{ to } 95\,fL
    • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin [MCH] (Unit: pgpg):
      • Newborn: 32 to 34 pg32 \text{ to } 34\,pg
      • Child/Adult/Older adult: 27 to 31 pg27 \text{ to } 31\,pg
    • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration [MCHC] (Unit: g/dLg/dL):
      • Newborn: 32 to 33 g/dL32 \text{ to } 33\,g/dL
      • Child/Adult/Older adult: 32 to 36 g/dL32 \text{ to } 36\,g/dL
    • Red Blood Cell Distribution [RDW] (Unit: %\%):
      • Adult: Variation of 11% to 45%11\% \text{ to } 45\%

  • White Blood Cell Count [WBC] [Total] (Unit: /mm3/\text{mm}^3):

    • Age 11\,month to 2424\,months: 6,200 to 17,000/mm36,200 \text{ to } 17,000/\text{mm}^3
    • Child and Adult: 5,000 to 10,000/mm35,000 \text{ to } 10,000/\text{mm}^3
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 2,000/mm32,000/\text{mm}^3 or greater than 40,000/mm340,000/\text{mm}^3

  • WBC Differential:

    • Neutrophils: 55% to 70%55\% \text{ to } 70\%; Absolute count: 2,500 to 8,000/mm32,500 \text{ to } 8,000/\text{mm}^3
    • Lymphocytes: 20% to 40%20\% \text{ to } 40\%; Absolute count: 1,000 to 4,000/mm31,000 \text{ to } 4,000/\text{mm}^3
    • Monocytes: 2% to 8%2\% \text{ to } 8\%; Absolute count: 100 to 700/mm3100 \text{ to } 700/\text{mm}^3
    • Eosinophils: 1% to 4%1\% \text{ to } 4\%; Absolute count: 50 to 500/mm350 \text{ to } 500/\text{mm}^3
    • Basophils: 0.5% to 1%0.5\% \text{ to } 1\%; Absolute count: 25 to 100/mm325 \text{ to } 100/\text{mm}^3

Comprehensive Metabolic Profile (CMP)

  • Alanine Aminotransferase [ALT] (Unit: international units/L\text{international units/L}):

    • Child/Adult: 4 to 36 international units/L4 \text{ to } 36\,\text{international units/L}

  • Albumin and Total Protein (Unit: g/dLg/dL):

    • Albumin: 3.5 to 5 g/dL3.5 \text{ to } 5\,g/dL
    • Total Protein: 6.4 to 8.3 g/dL6.4 \text{ to } 8.3\,g/dL

  • Alkaline Phosphatase [ALP] (Unit: units/L\text{units/L}):

    • Birth to 22\,years: 85 to 235 units/L85 \text{ to } 235\,\text{units/L}
    • Age 22\,to 88\,years: 65 to 210 units/L65 \text{ to } 210\,\text{units/L}
    • Age 99\,to 1515\,years: 60 to 300 units/L60 \text{ to } 300\,\text{units/L}
    • Age 1616\,to 2121\,years: 30 to 200 units/L30 \text{ to } 200\,\text{units/L}
    • Adults: 30 to 120 units/L30 \text{ to } 120\,\text{units/L}

  • Aspartate Aminotransferase [AST] (Unit: units/L\text{units/L}):

    • Age 00\,to 55\,days: 35 to 140 units/L35 \text{ to } 140\,\text{units/L}
    • Less than 33\,years: 15 to 60 units/L15 \text{ to } 60\,\text{units/L}
    • Age 33\,to 66\,years: 15 to 50 units/L15 \text{ to } 50\,\text{units/L}
    • Age 66\,to 1212\,years: 10 to 50 units/L10 \text{ to } 50\,\text{units/L}
    • Age 1212\,to 1818\,years: 10 to 40 units/L10 \text{ to } 40\,\text{units/L}
    • Adults: 0 to 35 units/L0 \text{ to } 35\,\text{units/L}

  • Bicarbonate [HCO3] / Carbon Dioxide Content (Unit: mEq/LmEq/L):

    • Newborn: 13 to 22 mEq/L13 \text{ to } 22\,mEq/L
    • Infant: 20 to 28 mEq/L20 \text{ to } 28\,mEq/L
    • Child: 20 to 28 mEq/L20 \text{ to } 28\,mEq/L
    • Adult: 23 to 30 mEq/L23 \text{ to } 30\,mEq/L

  • Bilirubin (Unit: mg/dLmg/dL):

    • Total Bilirubin:
      • Newborn: 1 to 12 mg/dL1 \text{ to } 12\,mg/dL
      • Child/Adult: 0.3 to 1 mg/dL0.3 \text{ to } 1\,mg/dL
    • Direct Bilirubin:
      • Child/Adult: 0.1 to 0.3 mg/dL0.1 \text{ to } 0.3\,mg/dL
    • Indirect Bilirubin:
      • Child/Adult: 0.2 to 0.8 mg/dL0.2 \text{ to } 0.8\,mg/dL

  • Blood Urea Nitrogen [BUN] (Unit: mg/dLmg/dL):

    • Infant: 5 to 18 mg/dL5 \text{ to } 18\,mg/dL
    • Child: 5 to 18 mg/dL5 \text{ to } 18\,mg/dL
    • Adult: 10 to 20 mg/dL10 \text{ to } 20\,mg/dL
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Greater than 100 mg/dL100\,mg/dL

  • Calcium (Total) (Unit: mg/dLmg/dL):

    • Less than 1010\,days: 7.6 to 10.4 mg/dL7.6 \text{ to } 10.4\,mg/dL
    • Age 1010\,days to 22\,years: 9.0 to 10.6 mg/dL9.0 \text{ to } 10.6\,mg/dL
    • Child: 8.8 to 10.8 mg/dL8.8 \text{ to } 10.8\,mg/dL
    • Adult: 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL9.0 \text{ to } 10.5\,mg/dL
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 6 mg/dL6\,mg/dL or greater than 13 mg/dL13\,mg/dL

  • Chloride [Cl] (Unit: mEq/LmEq/L):

    • Infant: 96 to 106 mEq/L96 \text{ to } 106\,mEq/L
    • Child: 90 to 110 mEq/L90 \text{ to } 110\,mEq/L
    • Adult: 98 to 106 mEq/L98 \text{ to } 106\,mEq/L

  • Creatinine (Unit: mg/dLmg/dL):

    • Less than 22\,years of age: 0.1 to 0.4 mg/dL0.1 \text{ to } 0.4\,mg/dL
    • Age 22\,years to less than 66\,years: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/dL0.2 \text{ to } 0.5\,mg/dL
    • Age 66\,years to less than 1010\,years: 0.3 to 0.6 mg/dL0.3 \text{ to } 0.6\,mg/dL
    • Age 1010\,years to less than 1818\,years: 0.4 to 1 mg/dL0.4 \text{ to } 1\,mg/dL
    • Age 1818\,years to less than 4141\,years:
      • Female: 0.5 to 1 mg/dL0.5 \text{ to } 1\,mg/dL
      • Male: 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL0.6 \text{ to } 1.2\,mg/dL
    • Age 4141\,years to less than 6161\,years:
      • Female: 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL0.5 \text{ to } 1.1\,mg/dL
      • Male: 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL0.6 \text{ to } 1.3\,mg/dL
    • Age 6060\,years and older:
      • Female: 0.5 to 1.2 mg/dL0.5 \text{ to } 1.2\,mg/dL
      • Male: 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL0.7 \text{ to } 1.3\,mg/dL
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Greater than 4 mg/dL4\,mg/dL

  • Glucose (Unit: mg/dLmg/dL):

    • Infant: 40 to 90 mg/dL40 \text{ to } 90\,mg/dL
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 40 mg/dL40\,mg/dL
    • Age 1313\,months to 22\,years: 60 to 100 mg/dL60 \text{ to } 100\,mg/dL
    • Child greater than 22\,years: 70 to 110 mg/dL70 \text{ to } 110\,mg/dL
    • Adult: 74 to 106 mg/dL74 \text{ to } 106\,mg/dL
      • CRITICAL VALUE (Male): Less than 50 mg/dL50\,mg/dL or greater than 450 mg/dL450\,mg/dL
      • CRITICAL VALUE (Female): Less than 40 mg/dL40\,mg/dL or greater than 450 mg/dL450\,mg/dL

  • Magnesium [Mg] (Unit: mEq/LmEq/L):

    • Newborn: 1.4 to 2 mEq/L1.4 \text{ to } 2\,mEq/L
    • Child: 1.4 to 1.7 mEq/L1.4 \text{ to } 1.7\,mEq/L
    • Adult: 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L1.3 \text{ to } 2.1\,mEq/L
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 0.5 mEq/L0.5\,mEq/L or greater than 3 mEq/L3\,mEq/L

  • Potassium [K] (Unit: mEq/LmEq/L):

    • Infant: 4.1 to 5.3 mEq/L4.1 \text{ to } 5.3\,mEq/L
    • Child: 3.4 to 4.7 mEq/L3.4 \text{ to } 4.7\,mEq/L
    • Adult: 3.5 to 5 mEq/L3.5 \text{ to } 5\,mEq/L
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 3 mEq/L3\,mEq/L or greater than 8 mEq/L8\,mEq/L

  • Sodium [Na] (Unit: mEq/LmEq/L):

    • Infant: 134 to 150 mEq/L134 \text{ to } 150\,mEq/L
    • Child: 136 to 145 mEq/L136 \text{ to } 145\,mEq/L
    • Adult: 136 to 145 mEq/L136 \text{ to } 145\,mEq/L
    • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 120 mEq/L120\,mEq/L or greater than 160 mEq/L160\,mEq/L

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

  • pH:

    • Newborn: 7.32 to 7.497.32 \text{ to } 7.49
    • Age 22\,months to 2424\,months: 7.34 to 7.467.34 \text{ to } 7.46
    • Child/Adult: 7.35 to 7.457.35 \text{ to } 7.45
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 7.257.25 or greater than 7.67.6
    • Venous pH: 7.31 to 7.417.31 \text{ to } 7.41

  • PCO2 (Unit: mm Hgmm\,Hg):

    • Child under 2424\,months: 26 to 41 mm Hg26 \text{ to } 41\,mm\,Hg
    • Child/Adult: 35 to 45 mm Hg35 \text{ to } 45\,mm\,Hg
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 20 mm Hg20\,mm\,Hg or greater than 60 mm Hg60\,mm\,Hg

  • HCO3 (Unit: mEq/LmEq/L):

    • Newborn/Infant: 16 to 24 mEq/L16 \text{ to } 24\,mEq/L
    • Child/Adult: 22 to 26 mEq/L22 \text{ to } 26\,mEq/L
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 10 mEq/L10\,mEq/L or greater than 40 mEq/L40\,mEq/L

  • PO2 (Unit: mm Hgmm\,Hg):

    • Newborn: 60 to 70 mm Hg60 \text{ to } 70\,mm\,Hg
    • Child/Adult: 80 to 100 mm Hg80 \text{ to } 100\,mm\,Hg
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Less than 40 mm Hg40\,mm\,Hg
    • Venous PO2: 40 to 50 mm Hg40 \text{ to } 50\,mm\,Hg

  • O2 Saturation (Unit: %\%):

    • Newborn: 40% to 90%40\% \text{ to } 90\%
    • Child/Adult: 95% to 100%95\% \text{ to } 100\%
      • CRITICAL VALUE: 75%75\% or less
    • Older Adult: 95%95\%

  • O2 Content (Unit: volume%\text{volume}\%):

    • Arterial: 15% to 22%15\% \text{ to } 22\%
    • Venous: 11% to 16%11\% \text{ to } 16\%

  • Base Excess (Unit: mEq/LmEq/L):

    • Expected Range: 0±2 mEq/L0 \pm 2\,mEq/L
    • CRITICAL VALUE: ±3 mEq/L\pm 3\,mEq/L

  • Alveolar to Arterial O2 Difference (Unit: mm Hgmm\,Hg):

    • Expected Range: Less than 10 mm Hg10\,mm\,Hg

Additional Serum Laboratory Tests

  • Coagulation Profile:

    • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT): 30 to 40 seconds30 \text{ to } 40\,\text{seconds}
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Greater than 70 seconds70\,\text{seconds}
    • Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT): 60 to 70 seconds60 \text{ to } 70\,\text{seconds}
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Greater than 100 seconds100\,\text{seconds}
    • Prothrombin Time [PT]: 11 to 12.5 seconds11 \text{ to } 12.5\,\text{seconds}
      • Full anticoagulant therapy: Greater than 1.5 to 2 times the control value1.5 \text{ to } 2\,\text{times the control value}
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Greater than 20 seconds20\,\text{seconds}
    • International Normalized Ratio [INR]: 0.8 to 1.10.8 \text{ to } 1.1
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Greater than 55

  • Cardiac and Inflammatory Biomarkers:

    • Brain Natriuretic Peptides [BNP]: Less than 100 ng/L100\,ng/L
      • CRITICAL VALUE: Greater than 400 ng/L400\,ng/L
    • C-Reactive Protein [CRP]: Less than 1 mg/dL1\,mg/dL
      • Risk stratification for cardiac risk factors:
        • Low Risk: Less than 1 mg/dL1\,mg/dL
        • Average Risk: 1 to 3 mg/dL1 \text{ to } 3\,mg/dL
        • High Risk: Greater than 3 mg/dL3\,mg/dL

  • Glycosylated Hemoglobin [HbA1c] (Unit: %\%):

    • Clients without diabetes: 4% to 5.9%4\% \text{ to } 5.9\%
    • Clients with diabetes:
      • Good control: Less than 7%7\%
      • Fair control: 8% to 9%8\% \text{ to } 9\%
      • Poor control: Greater than 9%9\%

  • Lipoproteins (Unit: mg/dLmg/dL):

    • High Density Lipoprotein [HDL]:
      • Female baseline: Greater than 55 mg/dL55\,mg/dL
      • Male baseline: Greater than 45 mg/dL45\,mg/dL
      • For clients with cardiac risk factors:
        • Low Risk: Female 70 mg/dL70\,mg/dL, Male 60 mg/dL60\,mg/dL
        • Moderate Risk: Female 55 mg/dL55\,mg/dL, Male 45 mg/dL45\,mg/dL
        • High Risk: Female 35 mg/dL35\,mg/dL, Male 25 mg/dL25\,mg/dL
    • Low Density Lipoprotein [LDL]:
      • Children: Less than 110 mg/dL110\,mg/dL
      • Adults: Less than 130 mg/dL130\,mg/dL
    • Very Low Density Lipoprotein [VLDL]: 7 to 32 mg/dL7 \text{ to } 32\,mg/dL

Urinalysis Reference Ranges

  • Physical Properties:

    • Appearance: Clear
    • Color: Amber Yellow
    • Odor: Aromatic
    • Specific Gravity: 1.005 to 1.031.005 \text{ to } 1.03

  • Chemical Properties:

    • pH: 4.6 to 84.6 \text{ to } 8
    • Protein:
      • Random specimen: 0 to 8 mg/dL0 \text{ to } 8\,mg/dL
      • 2424\,hour specimen (at rest): 50 to 80 mg/24 hr50 \text{ to } 80\,mg/24\,\text{hr}
      • 2424\,hour specimen (during exercise): Less than 250 mg/24 hr250\,mg/24\,\text{hr}
    • Leukocyte Esterase: Negative
    • Nitrites: None
    • Ketones: None
    • Bilirubin: None
    • Urobilinogen: 0.01 to 1 Ehrlich unit/mL0.01 \text{ to } 1\,\text{Ehrlich unit/mL}
    • Glucose:
      • Fresh specimen: None
      • 2424\,hour specimen: 50 to 300 mg/24 hr50 \text{ to } 300\,mg/24\,\text{hr}

  • Microscopic Examination:

    • Crystals: None
    • Casts: None
    • White Blood Cells [WBC]: 0 to 4 per low-power field0 \text{ to } 4\,\text{per low-power field}
      • WBC casts: None
    • Red Blood Cells [RBC]: Less than or equal to 22
      • RBC casts: None

Therapeutic Medication Monitoring

  • Acetaminophen:

    • Therapeutic Level: Depends on use
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 25 mcg/mL25\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Amikacin:

    • Therapeutic Level: 15 to 25 mcg/mL15 \text{ to } 25\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 250 mcg/mL250\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Aminophylline:

    • Therapeutic Level: 10 to 20 mcg/mL10 \text{ to } 20\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 20 mcg/mL20\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Amitriptyline:

    • Therapeutic Level: 120 to 150 ng/mL120 \text{ to } 150\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 500 ng/mL500\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Carbamazepine:

    • Therapeutic Level: 5 to 12 mcg/mL5 \text{ to } 12\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 12 mcg/mL12\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Cyclosporine:

    • Therapeutic Level: 100 to 400 ng/mL100 \text{ to } 400\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 400 ng/mL400\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Chloramphenicol:

    • Therapeutic Level: 10 to 20 mcg/mL10 \text{ to } 20\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 25 mcg/mL25\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Desipramine:

    • Therapeutic Level: 150 to 300 ng/mL150 \text{ to } 300\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 500 ng/mL500\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Digitoxin:

    • Therapeutic Level: 15 to 25 ng/mL15 \text{ to } 25\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 25 ng/mL25\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Digoxin:

    • Therapeutic Level: 0.8 to 2 ng/mL0.8 \text{ to } 2\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 2.4 ng/mL2.4\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 30 to 90 min30 \text{ to } 90\,\text{min}

  • Disopyramide:

    • Therapeutic Level: 2 to 5 mcg/mL2 \text{ to } 5\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 5 mcg/mL5\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Ethosuximide:

    • Therapeutic Level: 40 to 100 mcg/mL40 \text{ to } 100\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 100 mcg/mL100\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Gentamicin:

    • Therapeutic Level: 5 to 10 mcg/mL5 \text{ to } 10\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 12 mcg/mL12\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 30 min30\,\text{min}

  • Imipramine:

    • Therapeutic Level: 150 to 300 ng/mL150 \text{ to } 300\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 500 ng/mL500\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Kanamycin:

    • Therapeutic Level: 20 to 25 mcg/mL20 \text{ to } 25\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 35 mcg/mL35\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Lidocaine:

    • Therapeutic Level: 1.5 to 5 mcg/mL1.5 \text{ to } 5\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 5 mcg/mL5\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 2 hr2\,\text{hr}

  • Lithium:

    • Therapeutic Level (Acute Mania): 0.8 to 1.2 mEq/L0.8 \text{ to } 1.2\,mEq/L
    • Therapeutic Level (Maintenance): 0.5 to <1.5 mEq/L0.5 \text{ to } < 1.5\,mEq/L
    • Toxic Level: 1.5 mEq/L1.5\,mEq/L
    • Peak Concentration Time: 1 to 3 hr1 \text{ to } 3\,\text{hr}

  • Methotrexate:

    • Therapeutic Level: Greater than 0.01 μmol0.01\,\mu\text{mol}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 10 μmol/24 hr10\,\mu\text{mol/24 hr}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Nortriptyline:

    • Therapeutic Level: 50 to 150 ng/mL50 \text{ to } 150\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 500 ng/mL500\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Phenobarbital:

    • Therapeutic Level: 10 to 30 mcg/mL10 \text{ to } 30\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 40 mcg/mL40\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 12 hr12\,\text{hr}

  • Phenytoin:

    • Therapeutic Level: 10 to 20 mcg/mL10 \text{ to } 20\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 30 mcg/mL30\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 4 to 8 hr4 \text{ to } 8\,\text{hr}

  • Primidone:

    • Therapeutic Level: 5 to 12 mcg/mL5 \text{ to } 12\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 15 mcg/mL15\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Procainamide:

    • Therapeutic Level: 4 to 10 mcg/mL4 \text{ to } 10\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 16 mcg/mL16\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 1 to 2 hr1 \text{ to } 2\,\text{hr}

  • Propranolol:

    • Therapeutic Level: 50 to 100 ng/mL50 \text{ to } 100\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 150 ng/mL150\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Quinidine:

    • Therapeutic Level: 2 to 5 mcg/mL2 \text{ to } 5\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 10 mcg/mL10\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 2 hr2\,\text{hr}

  • Salicylate:

    • Therapeutic Level: 100 to 250 mcg/mL100 \text{ to } 250\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 300 mcg/mL300\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Sirolimus:

    • Therapeutic Level: 3 to 20 ng/mL3 \text{ to } 20\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 20 ng/mL20\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Tacrolimus:

    • Therapeutic Level: 5 to 15 ng/mL5 \text{ to } 15\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 20 ng/mL20\,\text{ng/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Theophylline:

    • Therapeutic Level: 10 to 20 mcg/mL10 \text{ to } 20\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 20 mcg/mL20\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: 2 to 3 hr2 \text{ to } 3\,\text{hr}

  • Tobramycin:

    • Therapeutic Level: 5 to 10 mcg/mL5 \text{ to } 10\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 12 mcg/mL12\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified

  • Valproic Acid:

    • Therapeutic Level: 50 to 100 mcg/mL50 \text{ to } 100\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Toxic Level: Greater than 100 mcg/mL100\,\text{mcg/mL}
    • Peak Concentration Time: Not specified