Science Unit B Flashcards Set

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# Study Guide: Human Body Systems and Their Functions

## Section 1: Blood Vessels and Circulatory System

### Key Concepts:

- Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

- Veins: Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

- Capillaries: Microscopic vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.

### Important Functions:

- Transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells.

- Removing waste products from tissues.

## Section 2: Digestive System

### Key Concepts:

- Primary Location for Digestion: Mostly occurs in the small intestine.

- Functions:

- Absorbing nutrients from food.

- Producing bile (by the liver) to aid in digestion.

### Key Organs:

- Stomach: Digests food.

- Liver: Produces bile.

- Pancreas: Produces enzymes and hormones (like insulin).

- Gallbladder: Stores bile.

## Section 3: Immune System

### Functions of the Immune System:

- Protects the body from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.).

- Involves white blood cells, which fight infections.

- Creates antibodies.

## Section 4: Muscular System

### Key Functions:

- Responsible for producing movement.

- Types of muscles:

- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary movement.

- Cardiac Muscle: Heart muscle, involuntary.

- Smooth Muscle: In the walls of blood vessels and digestive tract, involuntary.

## Section 5: Nervous System

### Functions:

- Controls voluntary and involuntary movements.

- Processes and interprets sensory information.

- Coordinates body responses to stimuli.

### Important Brain Regions:

- Cerebrum: Higher brain functions (thinking, memory).

- Cerebellum: Coordinates balance and movement.

- Medulla: Controls basic life functions (heart rate, breathing).

## Section 6: Skeletal System

### Functions:

- Provides structure and support.

- Protects vital organs.

- Produces blood cells (in bone marrow).

- Stores minerals (like calcium).

## Section 7: Endocrine System

### Functions:

- Producing and circulating hormones that regulate various body functions (growth, metabolism, reproduction).

### Key Hormones:

- Insulin: Regulates blood sugar levels.

- Estrogen: Female reproductive hormone.

- Testosterone: Male reproductive hormone.

## Section 8: Integumentary System

### Functions:

- Protects the body from pathogens and UV radiation.

- Regulates body temperature.

- Excretes waste through sweat.

## Section 9: Respiratory System

### Key Concepts:

- Responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

- Includes:

- Lungs

- Trachea

- Bronchi

- Alveoli: Site of gas exchange.

## Section 10: Excretory System

### Functions:

- Removes waste products from the blood.

- Includes organs like the kidneys, which filter blood.

## Summary of Common Questions

1. Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?

- Answer: Artery

2. What is the primary function of the digestive system?

- Answer: Absorbing nutrients from food.

3. Which organ stores bile produced by the liver?

- Answer: Gallbladder.

4. What is the role of the immune system?

- Answer: Protecting the body from pathogens.

5. What is the function of red blood cells?

- Answer: Carrying oxygen to cells.

6. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract?

- Answer: Smooth muscle.

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